作形式主語真正的主語為后面的不定式,七定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞短語或從句稱為定語,三用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語狀語補(bǔ)語,作形式主語真正的主語為后面的不定式,七定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞短語或從句稱為定語
英語劃分句子成分練習(xí)題及答案
英語劃分句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。
(二)主語:主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語:由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如※以肯定的語氣敘述主語狀態(tài)時(shí),要用系動(dòng)詞be※表示說話人所感知的主語的特征或狀態(tài)時(shí),系動(dòng)詞用look,feel,sound,taste,smell※表示主語狀態(tài)變化時(shí),系動(dòng)詞用become,get,grow,come,turn(若跟名詞不加冠詞),fall(asleep,ill,silent)等,后面大多數(shù)接形容詞作表語。但become,turn亦可接名詞作表語等※表示主語的持續(xù)時(shí),系動(dòng)詞用remain,stay,keep,continue※從印象的角度說明主語所處的狀態(tài)和特征時(shí),系動(dòng)詞用appeartobe(常用于書面),seem(tobe)☆1、其后要求接形容詞,而不是副詞作表語。要特別注意的是有些動(dòng)詞既可以作系動(dòng)詞,又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的用法。遇到這種情況時(shí),只能先根據(jù)其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者,然后再對(duì)后面的詞性和詞義作出判斷和選擇。2、這類詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。3、系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)式)。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)Isityours?(代詞)Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.動(dòng)名詞短語)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),要求雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的動(dòng)詞,直接賓語提前,動(dòng)詞后加to或for,現(xiàn)歸納如下。①后面加to的動(dòng)詞:give給tell告訴bring帶來send寄,送hand交給read讀pa遞給return把……還給……lend借給throw扔……給……leave留給promise許諾,答應(yīng)refuse拒絕
②后面加for的動(dòng)詞:get得到make制造,做buy買do做play演奏order命令
sing唱歌pay為……而付錢
(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。※賓語+名詞”常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有:call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave※賓語+形容詞”常見的動(dòng)詞有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want▲“賓語+副詞”!百e語+介詞短語”!百e語+不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種:A要求帶to的不定式B要求不帶to的不定式let,make,have,see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel等,用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí),要省去“to”。但用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),還要加上“to等C單詞help后可加to或不加to▲“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel▲“賓語+過去分詞”▲形式賓語+形容詞▲賓語+what從句+※主補(bǔ):對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。
例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)Letthefreshairin.(副詞)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)
(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)
(八)狀語:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型口訣
英語句子萬萬千,五大句型把線牽。句型種類為動(dòng)詞,后接什么是關(guān)鍵;vt.又可分三類,單賓雙賓最常見;還有賓語補(bǔ)足語,各種搭配記心間。
注意:帶特殊疑問詞的不定式短語作直接賓語是一種很常用的形式,基本句型是:S+V+O(間接)+疑問詞+不定式
簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型
主語+不及物動(dòng)詞Shecame./Myheadaches.
主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語ShelikesEnglish.
主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語Sheishappy.
主語+雙賓動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
主語+賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.)
練習(xí)一
一、指出下列句子句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.21.Whenyoucroamainroad,youmustbecareful.
22Hewentouttoplayfootballafterhehadfinishedhishomework.
23Waituntilyouarecalled.24Ican'trecognizeyou.Youaresochangedsincelastwemet.25Hedidn'tgotoschooluntilhewaseleven.26.Youcanusemyhouseaslongasyouarecareful.
27.Heissoterribleonceheisdrunk.28IlistentotheradiowhileIwalkeveryevening.
29.Putitwhereyoufoundit.You'llbelate,unleyouhurry.30Ididjustasyoutoldme。
31.Theyaresuchwonderfulplayersthatnoonecanbeatthem.
32.Wearrivedearly, http://emrowgh.com
34.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.
35.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.
36.Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.
37.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
38.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?
39.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.40.It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave
41.·Heisyoungbutheworkshard.42..Heworkshard,soheisatopstudentofclass
42.Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.44.Werarelystayinhotels,forwecan’taffordit
45.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.46.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
47.Itshouldbedoneatonce.48.Hewasseentocomein.49.LilywasgivenastickerbyJack
50.Isacarbeingdrivennow?
二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(—)、狀語(=)、補(bǔ)語(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.
InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、選擇填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______ http://emrowgh.com aded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We, http://emrowgh.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday____Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where1Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.2Themeetingwilllasttwohours.
3Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.
4Thisboxweighsfivekilos.5IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.
6Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.7.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.
8Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.9.Jimcannotdrehimself.
10.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.11.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.
12MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.13Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.
14Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.15Thereportsoundsinteresting.
15MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear16Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.17Wouldyoupleasepamethedictionary?18Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.
19WecallherAlice.20Allofusconsideredhimhonest.21Theyhavesetthethieffree.22Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.23Heaskedustojoininthegame
24TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.25EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud..26’llgetmyrecordermended.27Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.28Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.
29Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.
30Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclabegins.
Therebe句型
1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.
5Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.6
6Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.
7Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.9Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.10Therecomesthebus.
11Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.
12Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.
13Theregoesthebell.14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary