譯文發(fā)跡史宜家是世界上最大的家具零售商，當(dāng)然了他用這筆錢做了生意成立了宜家，宜家最初在年通過郵寄產(chǎn)品目錄來出售家具，這個人讓他靈光一閃想出了平板包裝的點子，這樣的形象為公司在銷售額和經(jīng)營規(guī)模上帶來了奇
概括大意與完成句子1
1譯文：發(fā)跡史宜家（IKEA)是世界上最大的家具零售商。它的幕后經(jīng)營者是IngvarKampmd,可謂世界上最成功的企業(yè)家之一。Kampmd1926年生于瑞典，天生就有做商人的資質(zhì)。還是個孩子時，他就喜好賣東西，并在社區(qū)中通過售賣火柴、種子和鉛筆賺了些小錢。Kampmd17歲時，他父親給了他一些錢作為考試成績優(yōu)秀的獎勵。當(dāng)然了，他用這筆錢做了生意，成立了宜家。宜家這個名字取自Kampmd全名的首字母（I.K.)和他成長地名稱的縮寫（“E”“A”）。如今宜家以其現(xiàn)代、風(fēng)格簡約的家具而聞名，然而發(fā)家時它卻不是一個家具公司。那時，它出售的商品五花八門。Kampmd銷售任何可以打折低價出售并盈利的物件，包括手表、鋼筆和長襪。宜家最初在1947年通過郵寄產(chǎn)品目錄來出售家具。這些家具都是由Kampmd家附近的生產(chǎn)商設(shè)計和制造的。起初的銷售額非常喜人，所以Kamprad擴(kuò)大了生產(chǎn)線。因為家具銷售成為宜家非常重要的一個生意份額，宜家于1951年成為了專營家具公司。1953年，宜家在瑞典的Almhult開立了第一家展示廳。今天宜家因其店面的大空間和家具的引人擺設(shè)而聞名，但在20世紀(jì)50年代初的時候，人們只是通過產(chǎn)品目錄訂購。所以宜家的首間展廳備受矚目，因為人們十分樂意能夠在購買之前親眼看到并試用這些家具。這樣的銷售模式促進(jìn)了銷售額的增長，使得公司繼續(xù)茁壯成長。截至1955.年，宜家已開始獨立地設(shè)計其所有的家具。1956年,Kamprad看到有一個人通過拆解桌子來方便裝運，從而受到啟發(fā)。這個人讓他靈光一閃，想出了平板包裝的點子。平板包裝對宜家意味著更低的貨運費以及對客戶而言更低的售價。宜家如此示范，銷售額因此一路飆升。雖然顧客自己拼裝家具有些麻煩，但是時間一長，這樣的親手操作倒成了宜家的強(qiáng)項�，F(xiàn)今，宜家被視為有獨立自行的風(fēng)格。這樣的形象為公司在銷售額和經(jīng)營規(guī)模上帶來了奇跡般的效果。今天宜家在32個國家開有超過200家分店。令人驚嘆的是，IngvarKamprad設(shè)法將宜家保持為一家私有企業(yè)。2004年，他被冠名為世界上最富有的人。他如今住在瑞士，已脫離了宜家的日常經(jīng)營。而宜家將繼續(xù)成長。
2譯文：文件整理StephanieDenton是俄亥俄州辛辛那提地區(qū)的職業(yè)籌劃人，專門負(fù)責(zé)居民和商業(yè)部分的文書和記錄工作。他說，“打理房子更像做生意”。如何成功地組織文件、賬單和其他材料，Denton提供了如下建議：創(chuàng)造一個可以一直做文書工作的空間。這或許是一個成功機(jī)制的最重要的部分。如果你沒有整張桌子的話，至少要有一個可以移動的小車來儲存那些經(jīng)常使用的文書，還要有一個帶兩個抽屜的柜子來存放家庭記錄。把這個可移動的小車放在你工作最方便、最舒適的地方，無論是廚房、辦公室還是家庭游藝室。當(dāng)有懷疑的時候，就把它扔出來。建立一個可行的檔案系統(tǒng)，首先要把那些你不用、不需要或者你可以在其他地方輕易得到的文件扔掉。扔掉那些復(fù)件、舊索引和所有你永遠(yuǎn)不會有機(jī)會使用甚至閱讀的優(yōu)待券、郵件和禮券。每個月留出兩天時間付賬單。如果每個月的結(jié)賬日期不適合你，打電話給你的債權(quán)人并建議換一個更方便的日期。建立一個與每個結(jié)賬日相對應(yīng)的賬單系統(tǒng)，在你當(dāng)前的賬單系統(tǒng)前放兩個馬尼拉折疊夾來整理所有進(jìn)來的賬單。在每個需要付賬的文件夾前列一個清單以防發(fā)票沒到或者放錯了地方。你的檔案系統(tǒng)不是一個嚴(yán)格的工具，而是一個活生生的、能夠呼吸的、能適應(yīng)你不斷變化需要的系統(tǒng)。一個好的檔案系統(tǒng)要有心理和身體兩個方面的靈活性。Denton說，每個人的需要都是不同的，但是在設(shè)計檔案系統(tǒng)前問問自己，“我要到哪兒去找它呢?”為你的檔案系統(tǒng)加上主要的標(biāo)題，比如投資、稅務(wù)、孩子等，然后將文件夾分類放在標(biāo)題下。不要把你的文件夾塞得過滿。
3譯文：英語和英語群體毫無疑問英語是一種有用的語言�，F(xiàn)在說英語的人構(gòu)成類除了漢語者之外最大的語言群體。最初他們是從北歐定居英格蘭的一些小部落。他們的語言變得越來越相似。最終，這種語言具有類足夠的統(tǒng)一性，致使所有在英格蘭居住的人都能使用。人們由于共享同一種語言而組成了一個語言群體。一個語言群體和其他類型的群
體相似。構(gòu)成這個群體的人共同使用一種語言。通常他們彼此相鄰，就像四鄰、一個村莊或城市那樣。通常他們組成一個國家。然而國界并不一定是一種語言群體的分界線。一個語言群體是講同一種語言的人群，無論他們住在哪里。我們可以說講英語的人都屬于英語語言群體。為了方便起見，我們可以把說英語的人分為兩類：第一類中講話者把英語作為他的母語，另一類中講話者因為教育、商業(yè)等目的把英語作為第二語言來學(xué)。對世界上許多國際交往中把英語作為第二語言的國家來說，英語是在公共活動的幾個領(lǐng)域中可供選用的語言之一。英語被用作空中交通、商業(yè)和國際外交的語言。而且，英語是世界上大部分出版物所用的語言，因此教育開始嚴(yán)重地依賴對英語的理解。學(xué)習(xí)第二語言能開闊人的眼界和拓寬人的思維。第二語言記載的歷史和文學(xué)記述類一個民族真實和虛構(gòu)的生活和文化；了解它們能夠提高我們的理解力，并且像他們那樣去感受。把英語作為第二外語來學(xué)口語提供另一種交流途徑，通過這個途徑整個英語語言群體的窗口就成為我們的文化遺產(chǎn)的一部分。
4譯文：阿拉斯加1959年美國人歡迎阿拉斯加成為美國的第49個州，這表明美國人的態(tài)度與1867年剛把這個半島從俄羅斯手中買來時的態(tài)度相比有了轉(zhuǎn)變。那個時候，大多數(shù)美國人對這塊150萬平方公里冰山和北極熊的土地不感興趣。它在加拿大的那一頭，遠(yuǎn)離美國有人居住的地區(qū)。阿拉斯加州在北極圈里的部分仍舊是冰山和北極熊出沒的地方。巨大的冰塊被埋在地下，這里永久的凍土層有90米或者更深。從5月初到8月初，午夜的太陽從不離開這個平坦、連一棵樹都沒有的地帶。然而這時的太陽只能曬化2/3米深的凍土層。阿拉斯加是美國最大的州，而居民卻只有32.5萬人。據(jù)估計，這里只有80萬公頃土地適合耕種，然而正在開發(fā)的卻只有64萬公頃。阿拉斯加處于北極地區(qū)的部分千百年來就是愛斯基摩人的家園。據(jù)說最早的愛斯基摩人是從蒙古或西伯利亞穿過白令海峽到這里來的。白令海峽因丹麥船長威塔斯?白令而得名。白令船長在1741年為俄羅斯所做的一次航行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了阿拉斯加。愛斯基摩人是已知的阿拉斯加最早的居民。俄羅斯皮毛商在這里建立了居民區(qū)。然而，當(dāng)阿拉斯加被賣給美國人的時候，他們大多離開了這里。18年在靠近阿拉斯加的加拿大邊境的克朗代克河附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子。成千上萬的美國人在奔赴克朗代克河的路上到了這個地區(qū)，有些人就再也沒返回。阿拉斯加與其他地方完全隔離的情況結(jié)束了，可是即使是在今天，運輸仍然是主要問題。只有兩條公路通往美國本土，而州內(nèi)各市都有自己的機(jī)常飛機(jī)將乘客、郵件和貨物送到最偏遠(yuǎn)的村落。給阿拉斯加的生活帶來突變的金子很快就被采光了。雖然那些關(guān)于礦區(qū)營地的故事被寫進(jìn)文學(xué)作品，然而阿拉斯加的金子對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不如阿拉斯加水中的魚。那里一年捕到的魚能賣8000萬到9000方美元。皮毛類動物在溪流和森林里多的是，水里有皮毛昂貴的海豹。僅次于捕魚業(yè)的是木材業(yè)和木漿生產(chǎn)。近幾年來阿拉斯加最重要的資源是石油。阿拉斯加還有豐富的煤、銅、金以及其他礦物。
5譯文：美國簽訂了全球煙草協(xié)議美國朝著批準(zhǔn)一項全球性煙草協(xié)議邁出了第一步。該協(xié)議有望在世界范圍內(nèi)控制使用煙草所產(chǎn)生的致命性影響。衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)大臣托米?湯普森本周在聯(lián)合國簽署了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議（FCTC)。在美國能夠?qū)嵤┢錀l款之前參議院還必須要批準(zhǔn)這個協(xié)議。FCTC是由世界衛(wèi)生組織制定的，并且是由世界衛(wèi)生大會的
成員們?nèi)ツ昱鷾?zhǔn)的，其中包括美國。批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的國家將被要求制定嚴(yán)格的煙草控制政策。例如，在那些國家出售的香煙將必須在每包煙的正反面至少30%的地方注明吸煙有害健康的警告。這個協(xié)議呼吁對煙草收取更多的稅，限制在公共場所吸煙和進(jìn)一步推動禁止煙草的計劃。它還要求禁止煙草廣告，但是對像美國這樣的國家有例外，這些國家的憲法禁止這么直率的禁令。這個協(xié)議的影響可能是巨大的。世界衛(wèi)生組織估計世界上每年有500萬人因為吸煙而死亡。僅在美國，每年大約有44萬人死于與煙草相關(guān)的疾病；美國所有的癌癥中約有1/3是因為吸煙導(dǎo)致的。如果目前的趨勢持續(xù)的話，世界衛(wèi)生組織估計，到2025
年煙草將每年奪取一千萬人的生命。這個協(xié)議至少被40個國家批準(zhǔn)才能生效。到目前為止，109個國家已經(jīng)簽訂了這個協(xié)議，12個國家已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了它。
6譯文：對別人的第一印象是怎樣形成的對剛剛遇到的人我們都會留下第一印象，為什么？為什么我們會對一無所知的人形成自己的印象——除去一些描述或顯而易見的特征？這與你的大腦如何感知世界是息息相關(guān)的。大腦對面部特征十分敏感，即使是每個人在眼睛、耳朵或嘴部的細(xì)小差異也會使大腦察覺到其不同之處。實際上，大腦一直在不斷地對接收到的感官信息進(jìn)行處理——包括影像和聲音。大腦將這些“信號”與儲存在腦皮層系統(tǒng)的大量“記憶”相比較，以便確定這些新收到的信號的“意思”。如果你在學(xué)�？吹侥硞�你認(rèn)識而且喜歡的人，你的大腦會做出“熟悉安全”的判斷；如果你看見了一個陌生的人，你的大腦會告訴你“陌生，有潛在的威脅”。緊接著你的大腦會幵始將這個陌生人的特征與“已知”的記憶進(jìn)行比較。包括身高、體重、穿著、種族、手勢以及音調(diào)等。特征越不相符，大腦越會告誡你，“這是陌生人，我不喜歡這個人”，或“我很好奇”。大腦也可能觀察到一張新面孔，但卻有著熟悉的穿著、種族特征和手勢——像你的朋友，這時大腦會告訴你“我喜歡這個人”。但這些第一印象卻可能是完全錯誤的。當(dāng)區(qū)分人時，我們使用一種欠成熟的思維方式（與小孩子不成熟的想法一樣）去對別人做出簡單并且范疇化的判斷。（這樣的后果是）我們將人區(qū)分為騙子、反常的人或怪人，而不是對人的深度和廣度，即歷史、興趣、價值、力量或真正的性格有所了解。但是，如果對模式化的第一印象加以抑制，我們就會有機(jī)會對一個人有真正的了解。如果我們花一些時間與一個人在一起，傾聽他或她的生活、希望和夢想，了解了這個人的性格，我們才會用一種不同的、更成熟的方式去思考——用腦皮層中最復(fù)雜的區(qū)域進(jìn)行思考，而這會使我們更富有人情味。
7譯文：怎樣與老板爭論在你與老板爭論以前，先去老板秘書那里問一下老板的情緒，如果他情緒很糟，去向他提要求可不是一個好主意。即使沒有老板的秘書，在選擇時間方面也有竅門：別在老板趕期限時去找他；別在午飯前去找他，因為這時他最易走神，匆忙行事；別在他度假前后去找他。如果你快發(fā)瘋了，只會使你的老板也氣瘋。先平靜一下。別讓某件特別的事情打開你積怨的閘門。老板會認(rèn)為，你對公司持完全否定的態(tài)度，而且無法改變你的觀點。接下來，你可能要被開除。當(dāng)雇主和雇員雙方都不明白對方要說什么時，會發(fā)生可怕的爭執(zhí)。有時問題弄清時，矛盾也就消除了。雇員必須清楚地傳達(dá)他的觀點，讓老板明白。即使你不給老板添麻煩，他要考慮的事也已經(jīng)夠多的了。如果你無法提出直接的解決方案，至少要表明怎樣對待此問題。那些經(jīng)常給老板提問題，而不提出解決方案的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們連秘書那一關(guān)也過不了。要想和老板相處融洽，多考慮他的目標(biāo)和壓力非常重要。如果你能把自己擺在老板的合伙人的位置上，他自然會愿意與你合作，達(dá)到你的目的。
8譯文：透視檢查每年上百萬的女性都做X射線透視，檢查是否有乳腺癌跡象。如果檢查得足夠早，疾病就可以被成功地治療。根據(jù)去年公布的一項調(diào)查，21個國家有透視計劃。其中9個國家，包括澳大利亞、加拿大、美國和西班牙為50歲以下女性進(jìn)行透視。但是，用X射線檢查年輕女性，就醫(yī)學(xué)上的好處而論，是有爭議的，部分原因是輻射有誘發(fā)癌
癥的小小的危險。另外，年輕女人乳房組織緊密，給予的X射線的劑量要多一些。Valencia理工大學(xué)的研究人員分析了11個社區(qū)診所用X射線檢查16萬以上女性的結(jié)果。估測了女性的輻射累積劑量之后，他們用兩種模型計算由此導(dǎo)致額外癌癥數(shù)量。英國國家輻射保護(hù)委員會推薦的數(shù)學(xué)模型預(yù)言，透視計劃會導(dǎo)致每10萬個女性中有36人患上癌癥，18人致死。聯(lián)合國原子輻射影響科學(xué)委員會首選的模型得出了一個較低的數(shù)字^20人患上癌癥。研究人員爭辯說，與發(fā)現(xiàn)后接受治療的癌癥數(shù)字相比，由輻射誘發(fā)癌癥的數(shù)字是很小的。他們說，Valencia計劃在每10萬接受透視的婦女中發(fā)現(xiàn)300到450個乳腺癌病例。但是他們指出如果X射線檢查從50歲而不是45歲時開始，會使婦女由于
輻射而患癌的危險減少40%到80%,因為她們可以接受更少的輻射。他們暗示說，他們研究的結(jié)果有助于使乳腺癌透視的技術(shù)更加完善。英國國家輻射保護(hù)委員會的MichaelClark承認(rèn)“在胸透的診斷益處和危險之間有一個平衡”。但是他警告說應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地解釋此項研究。“基于目前的數(shù)據(jù)，每成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)10例癌癥就有可能導(dǎo)致今后出現(xiàn)一例癌癥。這就是為什么在所有的透視計劃中，輻射應(yīng)該減少到最小的原因�！�
9譯文：交通與貿(mào)易交通是貿(mào)易的輔助手段之一。把貨物從它們比較豐富的地區(qū)運到這種貨物稀少的地區(qū)，交通增加了它們的價值。把貨物從生產(chǎn)者那里運送到一定距離之外的消費者那里越容易，對貿(mào)易就越有利。過去沒有鐵路，沒有很好的公路，也沒有運河，只有小帆船，所以貿(mào)易的規(guī)模很校在過去的兩百年中，運輸業(yè)取得了巨大的進(jìn)展，伴之而來的是貿(mào)易的迅猛增長。例如，更大更快的輪船使英國和新西蘭之間發(fā)展了肉食貿(mào)易�？旖莸倪\輸使大批量的生產(chǎn)和大的企業(yè)成為可能。它們從全球各地購買原料，又把產(chǎn)品銷售到全球各地。如果沒有方便的交通把他們所需的大批工人從家鄉(xiāng)帶來或送回，大的工廠就不可能存在。除非顧客們能很快從郊區(qū)趕到城里并且貨物能迅速地被送到家里，否則，城市里的大商場也不可能發(fā)展起來。除非食物能從遠(yuǎn)處運來，否則，大城市也無法生存。交通能夠防止浪費。如果大量的魚被運到了港口卻不能很快送往內(nèi)陸城鎮(zhèn)，那么很多就要被浪費。交通使我們的食品和貨物豐富起來，因為我們再也無須以當(dāng)?shù)厮a(chǎn)的東西為主要食品了。過去一年內(nèi)某一時間才能得到的食物現(xiàn)在一年四季都可以得到。交通提高了人們的生活水平。通過運輸燃料、原料，甚至電力（例如，可通過電纜），交通使工業(yè)和貿(mào)易在原來不可能的地區(qū)發(fā)展起來，地區(qū)和國家可以集中生產(chǎn)那些比別的地區(qū)成本低、質(zhì)量又好的產(chǎn)品，然后互相交換。交通運輸越便宜越快捷，那么貨物的產(chǎn)地和目的地之間的距離就越遠(yuǎn)，同時又能贏利。交通落后的國家生活水平也較低。商業(yè)的發(fā)展不僅需要有貨物和人口的遷移，而且要求信息的傳遞。一些聯(lián)系手段，如電話、電報和無線電廣播可以給人們帶來世界各地的價格、供應(yīng)的信息，讓人們了解變化的情況。先進(jìn)的通信系統(tǒng)可以以這種方式幫助發(fā)展貿(mào)易。
10譯文：Washoe學(xué)會了美國手語一個影響科學(xué)思維的動物已經(jīng)死亡了。一個出生在非洲名為Washoe的黑猩猩上個月月底在美國華盛頓州的一個研究中心自然死亡,死時42歲。Washoe在科學(xué)界和世界各地眾所周知，是因為它能夠使用美國手語。它是第一個了解人類語言的非人類。它的技能也導(dǎo)致有關(guān)靈長類動物和它們所能理解的語言的爭議。科學(xué)家Alien和BeatrixGardner于1966年開始教Washoe手語。1969年，Gardners在科學(xué)的報告中描述了Washoe的進(jìn)步。對Washoe做實驗的人說Washoe逐漸掌握了約250個單詞。例如，Washoe能用手語表達(dá)“該吃飯了”！它能要蘋果和番蕉這樣的食品。它也問諸如“誰要來玩”之類的問題。Washoe能用手語的消息一散開，許多語言學(xué)家開始在他們自己這一令人振奮的新研究領(lǐng)域展開研究。靈長類動物的整個研究方向改變了。然而，批評者認(rèn)為Washoe只學(xué)會了看它的教師的手語重復(fù)動作。他們說Washoe從來沒有發(fā)展真正的語言技能。即使是現(xiàn)在，也有一些研究表明靈長類動物學(xué)習(xí)手語只是機(jī)械重復(fù)、死記硬背、物質(zhì)刺激的結(jié)果�？墒荳ashoe的飼養(yǎng)員不同意這種說法。RogerFouts以前是Gainer夫婦的學(xué)生。RogerFouts把Washoe帶到了華盛頓埃倫斯堡的一個研究中心。在這里，Washoe教三個年輕的黑猩猩手語，這三個黑猩猩依然活著。像JaneGoodall這樣的獨立的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，Washoe為黑猩猩心理活動的研究提供了新信息。今天，沒有那么多科學(xué)家研究黑猩猩的語言技能。部分原因在于這類研究需要花費很長的時間。對黑猩猩懂得人類交流方式與否的辯論仍在繼續(xù)。然而，有一件事卻是肯定的~"Washoe改變了有關(guān)動物智能可能性的普遍觀點。
2016年職稱英語概括大意與完成句子
第一篇TheMakingofaSucceStory
第二篇ThePaperChase
第三篇EnglishandEnglishCommunity
第四篇Alaska
第五篇USSignsGlobalTobaccoTreaty
第六篇HowWeFormFirstImpression
第七篇HowtoArguewithYourBoss
第八篇ScreenTest
第九篇TransportandTrade
第十篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage
第十一篇IsThereaWaytoKeeptheBritain'sEconomyGrowing
第十二篇Intelligence:aChangedView
第十三篇WardoffTravelBugs
第十四篇HeartbeatofAmerica
第十五篇SmokeGetsinYourMind
第一篇TheMakingofaSucceStory
1IKEAistheworld'slargestfurnitureretailer,andmanbehinditisIngvarKamprad,oneoftheworld'smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926,Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachild,heenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatches,seeds,andpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17,hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness-IKEA.
2IKEA'snamecomesfromKamprad'sinitials(I.K.)andtheplacewherehegrewup(`E`and`A`).TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodern,minimalistfurniture,butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.Rather,IKEAsoldallkindofmiscellaneousgoods,Kamprad'swareincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices,includingwatches,pensandstockings.
3IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad'shome.Initialsaleswereveryencouraging,soKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinethatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951.
4In1953IKEAopenditsfirstshowroominAlmhult,Sweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettings,butintheearly1950s,peopleorderedfromcatalogues,Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:peoplelovedbeingabletosee
andtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955,IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture.
5In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:flatpackaging.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.Theproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselves,butovertime,evemthisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.Nowadays,IKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompany,leadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion.
6Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.Amazingly,IngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-helpcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld'srichestman,HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromtheday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitself,though,justkeepsongrowing.
1Paragraph2.TheoriginofIKEA
2Paragraph3Specializationinsellingfurniture
3Paragraph4Succebroughtbytheintroductionofshowrooms
4Paragraph5Flatpackaging–afeatureofIKEA
5Evenwhenhewasonlyachild,IngvarKampradshowedinterestinandtalentfordoingbusiness6IKEAbeganasasmallstoresellingallkindsofcheapthings.andyearslaterbecameabigcompanyspecializedinmanufacturingandsellingoffurniture.
7CustomerslikedtheideaofIKEA‘sshowroomsbecauseheretheycanseeandtrythefurnituretheyaregoingtobuy.
8AsflatpackagingsavesmoneyforbothIKEAandthecustomers,itishighlywelcomedbyboth
第二篇ThePaperChase
1."Runningahouseislotlikerunningabusiness."saysStephanieDenton,aprofessionalorganizerbasedinCincinnati,Ohio,whospecializesinbothresidentialandcommercialpaperworkandrecordkeeping.Togetasuccessfulgriponorganizingdocuments,bills,andothermaterials,Dentonsuggeststhefollowingtips:
2.Createaspaceinwhichyoucanalwaysdoyourpaperwork.Thisisperhapsthemostimportantelementofasuccessfulsystem.Ifyoucan'tdevoteanentiredesktothetask,atleastinvestinarollingfilecarttostoreactivepaperworkandatwo-drawerfilecabinetforfamilyrecords.Storetherollingfilecartwhereveritismostconvenientandcomfortabletodoyourwork.whetherthatisthekitchen,office,orfamilyroom.
3.Whenindoubt,throwitout,thefirststeptoimplementingaworkablefillingsystemistoeliminatepaperyoudon'tuse,don'tneed,orthatyoucouldeasilyacceagainelsewhere.Throwoutduplicatestatements,oldcatalogs,andallofthecoupons,mailings,orofferingsyou'llneverhaveanopportunitytouseorevenread.
4.Setasidetwodaysamonthtopaybills,ifamonthlyduedatedoesn'tfitintoyourcycle,callupthecreditorandsuggestamoreconvenientdate,keeptwomanilafoldersatthefrontofyoursystemforcurrentbills—onetocorrespondwitheachbill-payingday—andfileallincomingbills.Keepalistinthefrontofeachfolderofwhatneedstobepaidincasetheinvoiceneverarrivesorgetsmisplaces.
5.Thinkofyourfillingsystemnotasarigidtool,butasaliving,breathingsystemthatcanaccommodateyourchangingneeds.Agoodfillingsystemisbothmentallyandphysicallyflexible,everyone'sneedsaredifferent,saysDenton,butwhendevisingafillingsystem,askyourself:"WherewouldIlookforthis?"Createmainheadingsforyourfillingsystem,suchasinvestments,Taxes,Children,andsoforth,andfileindividualfoldersunderthemainheadings.Neveroverstuffyourfiles.
1Paragraph2FindaPlacetoWorkon
2Paragraph3GetRidofUnimportantThings
3Paragraph4DealingWithBills
4Paragraph5WhatIsaGoodFilingSystem
5StephanieDentonisexpertinpaperchase
6Youcanputyourfilecartanywhereyoulike,onconditionthatitiseasilyreached
7Couponsshouldbethrownawaybecausetheyareuseless
8"Mentallyflexible"indicatesthefacthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentrequirements
第三篇EnglishandEnglishCommunity
1Thereisnodenyingthat1Englishisausefullanguage.ThepeoplewhospeakEnglishtodaymakeupthelargestspeechcommunityintheworldwiththeexceptionofspeakersofChinese.OriginallytheyweresmalltribesofpeoplefromnorthernEuropewhosettledinEngland.Theirlanguagesbecamemoreandmoresimilartoeachother.Finally,thelanguagehadenoughuniformity2tobeusedbyallspeakersinEngland.Thepeoplewereunitedintoaspeechcommunitythroughtheirsharedlanguage.
2Aspeechcommunityissimilartootherkindsofcommunities.Thepeoplewhomakeuptheconimunityshareacommonlanguage.Oftentheylivesidebyside,astheydoinaneighborhood,avillage,oracity.Moreoftentheyformawholecountry.Nationalboundaries,however,arenotalwaysthesameastheboundariesofaspeechcommunity.Aspeechcommunityisanygroupofpeoplewhospeakthesamelanguagenomatterwheretheyhappentolive.
3WemaysaythatanyonewhospeaksEnglishbelongstotheEnglishspeechcommunity.Forconvenience3,wemayclassifythespeakersintotwogroups:oneinwhichthespeakersuseEnglishastheirnativelanguage,theotherinwhichthespeakerslearnEnglishasasecondlanguageforthepurposeofeducation,commerce,andsoon.
4Englishservesasanalternativelanguageinseveralareasofpublicactivityforthemanynationsoftheworldwhichemployitasaninternationalsecondlanguage.4Englishhasbeen
adoptedasthelanguageofairtraffic,commerce,aswellasinternationaldiplomacy.Moreover,EnglishisthelanguageofthemajorityofpublishedmaterialsintheworldsothateducationhascometorelyheavilyonanunderstandingofEnglish.
5Learningasecondlanguageextendsone'svisionandexpandsthemind.Thehistoryandliteratureofasecondlanguagerecordtherealandfictionallivesofpeopleandtheirculture;5aknowledgeofthemaddstoourabilitytounderstandandtofeelastheyfeel.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguageprovidesanothermeansofcommunicationthroughwhichthewindowoftheentireEnglishspeechcommunitybecomesapartofourheritage.
1Paragraph2TheDefinitionofaSpeechCommunity
2Paragraph3TheCompositionoftheEnglishCommunity
3Paragraph4TheWideUseofEnglish
4Paragraph5TheAdvantagesofLearningaSecondLanguage
5.Onlythroughthesharedlanguagecanaspeechcommunitybeformed
6Theideaofthenationalboundariesisoftendifferentfromthatofaspeechcommunity7Speakersareclassifiedintotwogroupsforthesakeofsimplicity
8.AnunderstandingofEnglishhasplayedanimportantroleinthefieldofeducation
第四篇Alaska
1In1858AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstate，symbolizingachangeofattitudethatholdin1867，whenthepeninsulawaspurchasedfromRussia.Then，mostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1，500，000squarekilometers―oficebergsandpolarbear‖-beyondCanadaswesternborders，farfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates.
2InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircle，Alaskastillisalandoficebergsandpolarbear.Iceburiedintheearth，whichispermanentlyfrozentoadepthof90ormoremeters，F(xiàn)romearlyMayuntilearlyAugust，themidnightsunneversetsonthisflat，treeleregion，butthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown.
3AlaskaisAmericaslargeststate，butonlyabout325，000peoplelivethere.Accordingtoestimates，800，000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640，000hectaresarebeingcultivated.
4ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlecenturies.ItisbelievedthattheEskimosmovedtherefromMongoliaorSiberia，probablycrossingBeringStrait，namedforVitusBering，theDanishseacaptainwhodiscoveredAlaskaonhisvoyageforRussiain1741.TheEskimosarethestatesearliestknowninhabitants.Russianfurtradersestablishedsettlementsbut，bythetimeAlaskawassoldtotheUnitedStates，mostofthetradershaddeparted.
5In1896goldwasdiscoveredneartheKlondikeRiverinCanadajustacrotheAlaskanborder.ThousandofAmericansrushedtotheregionontheirwaytoKlondike；someneverreturned.Alaskawasnevercompletelycutoffagain，althougheventodaytransportationisamajorproblem.ThereareonlytwomotorroutesfromtheU.Smainland，andwithinthestate，
everytownhasitsownairfield.Planesflypassengers，mailandfreighttothemostdistantvillages.
6ThegoldthatchangedlifesosuddenlyforAlaskawassoonended，andalthoughmanystoriesaboutminingcampshavebecomepartofAmericanliterature，thegoldfromAlaskanearthcontributedletoeconomicprogrethanthefishfromAlaskawaters.Thefishcaughtinasingleyearrangeinvaluefrom$80millionto$90million.Fur-bearinganimalsareplentifulintheforestsandstreams，andvaluablefursealsinhabitthewaters.Afterfishing，thestateschiefindustryislumberandtheproductionofwoodpulp.Inrecentyears，Alaskassinglemostimportantresourcehasbecomeoil.Thestatealsohaslargedepositsofcoal，copper，goldandotherminerals.
1.Paragraph3Landandpopulation
2.Paragraph4Thenativesoftheland
3.Paragraph5Transportationproblem
4.Paragraph6Richresourcesofthestate
5.Foraslongasthreemonthsofayear，thesunshinesdayandnightontheice-coveredlandofAlaska.
6.Accordingtostatistics，onlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalareaofAlaskahasbeenusedforfarming.
7.AlaskawasoriginallypartofRussia，butwasboughtbytheUnitedStatesinthe19thcentury
8.GolddidnotbringtoAlaskaasmuchwealthasfishdoes
第五篇USSignsGlobalTobaccoTreaty
1TheUnitedStateshastakenthefirststeptowardapprovingaglobaltobaccotreatythatpromisestohelpcontrolthedeadlyeffectsoftobaccousethroughouttheworld.HealthandHumanServicesSecretaryTommyThompsonsignedtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl(FCTC)thisweekattheUnitedNations.TheSenatemuststillapprovethetreatybeforetheUScanimplementitsprovisions.
2TheFCTCwasdevelopedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationandapprovedbymembersoftheWorldHealthAssembly，includingtheUnitedStates， http://emrowgh.com untriesthatratifyitwouldberequiredtoenactstricttobaccocontrolpolicies.
3Forinstance,cigarettessoldinthosecountrieswouldhavetohavehealthwarningsonatleast30%ofthefrontandbackofeverypack.Thetreatycallsforhighertobaccotaxes,restrictionsonsmokinginpublicplaces,andmorepromotionoftobaccopreventionandcessationprograms.Italsorequiresbansontobaccoadvertising,thoughtherearesomeexceptionsforcountriesliketheUnitedStates,wheretheConstitutionprohibitssuchanoutrightban.
http://emrowgh.com heUSalone,about440,000peopledieeachyearfromtobacco-relatedillnesses;aboutone-thirdofallcancersintheUSarecausedbytobaccouse.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,WHOestimates,by2025tobaccowillkill10
millionpeopleeachyear.
5Thetreatymustberatifiedbyatleast40countriesbeforeitcantakeeffect.Sofar，109countrieshavesignedit,and12haveratifiedit.
1.Paragraph2USSigningoftheFCTC
2.Paragraph3HowtheFCTCCameintoBeing
3.Paragraph4WhattheFCTCDemands
4.Paragraph5WhattheFCTCWillBringabout
5.SigningtheFCTCisonlythefirststeptowardapprovingit
http://emrowgh.com untriesthatratifytheFCTCwillhaveto,amongotherthings,restrictsmokinginpublicplaces
7.ItishopedthattheFCTCwillgreatlyhelptoreducedeathscausedbytobaccouse
8.MuchmorecountrieshavesignedtheFCTCthanthosethathaveratifiedit
第六篇HowWeFormFirstImpression
1Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher—asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.
2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrain,allowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson‘seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakesyouseehimorherasdifferent1.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation—thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincoming―signals‖arecomparedagainst2ahostof―memories‖storedinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals―mean.‖
3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool3,yourbrainsays―familiarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,―new—potentiallythreatening.‖Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother―known‖memories；Theheight,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures,andtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,―Thisisnew.Idon‘tlikethisperson.‖Orelse,―I‘mintrigued.―Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures—likeyourotherfriends；soyourbrainsays:―Ilikethisperson.‖Butthesepreliminary―impressions‖canbedeadwrong4.
4Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealematureformofthinking（notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild）thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanleamaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople—theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter—wecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.
5However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson‘scharacter,weuseadifferent,morematurestyleofthinking—andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.
1．Paragraph2ComparingIncomingSensoryInformationagainstMemories
2．Paragraph3IllustrationofFirstImpression
3．Paragraph4CommentonFirstImpression
4．Paragraph5WaysofDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressions
5．Sensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthroughthesightsandsoundsoftheworld
6．Youinterpretbycomparingitagainstthememoriesalreadystoredinyourbrainthemeaningofincomingsensoryinformation
7．Thewaywestereotypepeopleisalematureformofthinking,whichissimilartotheimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchild
8．Wecanuseourmorematurestyleofthinkingthankstothemostcomplexareasofourcortex第七篇HowtoArguewithYourBoss
1Beforeyouarguewithyourboss,checkwiththeboss'ssecretarytodeterminehismood.Ifheatenailsforbreakfast1,itisnotagoodideatoaskhimforsomething.Evenwithouttheboss'ssecretary,therearekeystotiming2:don'tapproachthebowhenhe'sondeadline3;don'tgoinrightbeforelunch,whenheisapttobedistractedandrushed4;don'tgoinjustbeforeorafterhehastakenavacation.
2Ifyou'remad,thatwillonlymakeyourbomad.Calmdownfirst.Anddon'tletaparticularconcernopenthefloodgatesforallyouraccumulatedfrustration5.Thebowillfeelthatyouthinknegativelyaboutthecompanyanditishopeletryingtochangeyourmind.Then,maybehewilldismiyou.
3Terribledisputescanresultwhenneithertheemployernortheemployeeknowswhatistheproblemtheotherwantstodiscuss.Sometimesthefightwillgoawaywhentheissuesaremadeclear.Theemployeehastogethispointacroclearlyinordertomakethebounderstandit6.
4Yourbohasenoughonhismindwithoutyouraddingmore7.Ifyoucan'tputforwardanimmnediatesolution,atleastsuggesthowtoapproachtheproblem.Peoplewhofrequentlypresentproblemswithoutsolutionstotheirbossesmaysoonfindtheycan'tgetpastthesecretary8.
5Todealeffectivelywithaboss,it'simportanttoconsiderhisgoalsandpressures.Ifyoucanputyourselfinthepositionofbeingapartnertotheboss,thenhewillbenaturallymoreinclinedtoworkwithyoutoachieveyourgoals9.
1.Paragraph2Don'tGoinWhenYouAreAngry
2.Paragraph3MaketheIssueClear
3.Paragraph4ProposeYourSolution
4.Paragraph5PutYourselfintheBoss'sPosition
5.Ifyouwanttoasktheboforanything,itisimportanttofindoutfirsthowheisfeeling
6.Itisnecessarytomakecleartothebowhatyoureallywanttotalktohimabout
7.Itisnotwisetopresentthebowithaproblemwithoutsuggestipg.awaytosolveitthebomayhave
8.Youmustbeconsilerateandthinkofthetroulesthebomayhave
第八篇ScreenTest
1.EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoa,surveypublishedlastyear,21countrieshavescreeningprogrammes.Nineofthem,includingAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.
2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.
3.ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversity1ofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen‘scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.
4.ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain‘sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard(NRPB)predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.
5.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis―notverysignificant‖comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.
6.Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtoleradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp―optimisethetechnique‖forbreastcancerscreening.
7.―Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks,‖admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.―Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That‘swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.‖
1.Paragraph2HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman
2.Paragraph3InvestigatingtheEffectofScreening
3.Paragraph4EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels
4.Paragraph5SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation
5.Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermaysavealife
6.Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50arestillopentodebate
http://emrowgh.com layingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmayreducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer
8.Radiationexposureshouldbereducedtotheminimum
第九篇TransportandTrade
1Transportisoneoftheaidstotrade.Bymovinggoodsfromplaceswheretheyareplentifultoplaceswheretheyarescarce，transportaddstotheirvalue.Themoreeasilygoodscanbebroughtoverthedistancethatseparatesproducerandconsumer，thebetterfortrade.Whentherewerenorailways，nogoodroads，nocanals，andonlysmallsailingships，tradewasonasmallscale.
2Thegreatadvancesmadeintransportduringthelasttwohundredyearswereaccompaniedbyabigincreaseintrade.BiggerandfastershipsenabledatradeinmeattodevelopbetweenBritainandNewZealand，forinstance.Quickertransportmakespossiblemass-productionandbigbusiness，drawingsuppliesfrom，andsellinggoodsto，allpartsoftheglobe.Bigfactoriescouldnotexistwithouttransporttocarrythelargenumberofworkerstheyneedtoandfromtheirhomes.Bigcitystorescouldnothavedevelopedunlecustomerscouldtraveleasilyfromthesuburbsandgoodsdeliveredtotheirhomes.Bigcitiescouldnotsurviveunlefoodcouldbebroughtfromadistance.
3Transportalsopreventswaste.Muchofthefishlandedattheportswouldbewastedifitcouldnotbetakenquicklytoinlandtowns.Transporthasgivenusamuchgreatervarietyoffoodsandgoodssincewenolongerhavetoliveonwhatisproducedlocally.Foodswhichatonetimecouldbeobtainedonlyduringapartoftheyearcannowbeobtainedallthroughtheyear.Transporthasraisedthestandardofliving.
4Bymovingfuel，rawmaterials，andevenpower，as，forexample，throughelectriccables，transporthasledtotheestablishmentofindustriesandtradeinareaswheretheywouldhavebeenimpossiblebefore.Districtsandcountriescanconcentrateonmakingthingswhichtheycandobetterandmorecheaplythanothersandcanthenexchangethemwithoneanother.Thecheaperandquickertransportbecomes， http://emrowgh.com untrieswithpoortransporthavealowerstandardofliving.
5Commercerequiresnotonlythemovingofgoodsandpeoplebutalsothecarryingofmessagesandinformation.Meansofcommunication，liketelephones，cablesandradio，sendinformationaboutprices，supplies， http://emrowgh.com hisway，advancedcommunicationsystemsalsohelptodeveloptrade.
1.Paragraph2Importanceoftransportintrade
2.Paragraph3Higherlivingstandard
3.Paragraph4Birthoftransport-relatedindustriesandtrade
4.Paragraph5Roleofinformationintrade
5.Thedevelopmentofmodernmeansoftransporthasgreatlypromotedtrade
6.Onlywhengoodscanbecarriedtoallpartsoftheworldquicklyisitpossibletoproduceonalargescale
7.Transporthasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoeatwhateverfoodtheywantatanytimeduringtheyear
http://emrowgh.com hetradeofmodernsocietythetransmissionofinformationplaysasimportantaroleasthetransportofgoods
第十篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage
1Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.Wash0ehadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunity1andaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage2.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebate3aboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.
2ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1966.In1969,theGardners7describedWashoe'sprogreinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstand4about250words.Forexample,Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike,"Whoiscomingtoplay?"Once5thenewsaboutWashoespread,manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirown6intothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.
3However,criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennow,therearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory,andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoe'skeepersdisagree.RogerFoutsisaformerstudentoftheGardners7.HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg,Washington.There,Washoetaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees,whicharestillalive.
4ScientistslikeprivateresearcherJaneGoodallbelievesWashoeprovidednewinformationaboutthementalworkingsofchimpanzees8.Today,therearenotasmanyscientistsstudyinglanguageskillswithchimps.Partofthereasonisthatthiskindofresearchtakesaverylongtime.
5Debatecontinuesaboutchimps'understandingofhumancommunication.Yet,onethingissure--Washoechangedpopularideasaboutthepossibilitiesofanimalintelligence.
1.Paragraph1GeneralInformationaboutWashoe
2.Paragraph2ReportaboutWashoe'sProgreinLearningSignLanguage
3.Paragraph3DebateonChimps'Intelligence
4.Paragraph4ReasonWhyNotManyScientistsCarryoutThisResearchNowadays
5.Washoecouldmakesignstocommunicatewhenshewantedtoeat
6.SomescientistsdoubtediftheGardeners'argumentwassound
7.Washoetaughtthreeyoungerchimpssignlanguagewhileshewasataresearchcenterin
Ellensburg
8.TheexperimentersthoughtWashoewasintelligentbecauseshecouldusesignlanguagetoask
forfruits
第十一篇IsThereaWaytoKeeptheBritain'sEconomyGrowing
http://emrowgh.com oday'sknowledgeeconomy,nationssurviveonthethingstheydobest.JapanesedesignelectronicswhileGermensexportengineeringtechniques.TheFrenchservethebestfoodandAmericansmakecomputers.
2.Britainspecializesinthegiftoftalking.Thenationdoesn'tmanufacturemuchofanything.Butithaslawyers,stylistsandbusineconsultantswhoearntheirlivingfromtalk,talkandmoretalk.TheWorldFoundationthinktank1saystheUK'sfouriconicjobstodayarenotscientists,engineers,teachersandnurses.Instead,they'rehairdressers,celebrities,managementconsultantsandmanagers.ButcanallthistalkingkeeptheBritisheconomygoing?TheBritishgovernmentthinksitcan.
3.Althoughthecountry'stradedeficitwasmorethan￡60billionin2006,UK'slargestinthepostwarperiod,officialssaythecountryhasnothingtoworryabout.Infact,Britaindoeshaveaworld-clapharmaceuticalindustry,anditstillmakesasmallsumfromsellingarmsabroad.Italsotradesservices—accountancy,insurance,bankingandadvertising.ThegovernmentbelievesBritainisonthecuttingedge2oftheknowledgeeconomy.Afterall,thecountryofShakespeareandWordsworthhasaliterarytraditionofwhichtobeproud.Rock―n‖roll3isanEnglishlanguagemedium,andtherearebillionstobemadebytheircutting-edgebands.Inotherwords,thecreativeeconomyhasplentyofstrengthtocarrytheBritisheconomy.
4.However,creativeindustriesaccountforonlyabout4percentofUK'sexportsofgoodsandservices.Theindustriesarefindingithardtomakeaprofit,accordingtoareportoftheNationalEndowmentforScience,TechnologyandtheArts4.Thereportshowsonly38percentofBritishcompanieswereengagedin"innovationactivities",3percentagepointsbelowtheEUaverageandwellbelowGermany(61percent)andSweden(47percent).
5.Infact,itmightbebettertocallBritaina"servant"economy—thereareatleast4millionpeople"inservice".Themajorityofthepopulationareemployedbytherichtocook,clean,andtakecareoftheirchildren.Manygraduatesareevendoingmenialjobsforwhichtheydonotneedadegree.Mostemploymentgrowthhasbeen,andwillcontinuetobe,atthelow-skillendoftheservicesector—inshops,bars,hotels,domesticserviceandinnursingandcarehomes.
1.Paragraph2GiftofTalking
2.Paragraph3StrengthoftheCreativeEconomy
3.Paragraph4WeakneoftheCreativeEconomy
4.Paragraph5―Servant‖Economy
5.Everycountryhasitsownwaytofeeditspeople
6.TheBritishgovernmentdoesn‘tseemtoworryabouttheBritisheconomy
7.Thecreativeindustriesfinditdifficulttomakeaprofit
8.Manygraduatesareemployedtodolow-skilljobs
第十二篇Intelligence:aChangedView
http://emrowgh.com elligencewasbelievedtobeafixedentity,somefacultyofthemindthatweallposseandwhichdeterminesinsomewaytheextentofourachievements.Itsvaluetherefore,wasasapredictorofchildren'sfuturelearning.Iftheydifferedmarkedlyintheirabilitytolearncomplextasks, http://emrowgh.com elligencetestscouldbeusedforstreamingchildrenaccordingtoabilityatanearlyage;andat11thesetestsweresuperiortomeasuresofattainmentforselectingchildrenfordifferenttypesofsecondaryeducation.
2.Today, http://emrowgh.com helastfewyears,researchhasthrowndoubtontheviewthatinnateintelligencecaneverbemeasuredandontheverynatureofintelligenceitself1.Thereisconsiderableevidencenowwhichshowsthegreatinfluenceofenvironmentbothonachievementandintelligence.Childrenwithpoorhomebackgroundsnotonlydolewellintheirschoolworkandintelligencetestsbuttheirperformancetendstodeteriorategraduallycomparedwiththatoftheirmorefortunateclassmates.
3.Thereareevidencesthatsupporttheviewthatwehavetodistinguishbetweengeneticintelligenceandobservedintelligence.2Anydeficiencyintheappropriategeneswillrestrictdevelopmentnomatterhowstimulatingtheenvironment.Wecannotobserveandmeasureinnateintelligence,whereaswecanobserveandmeasuretheeffectsoftheinteractionofwhateverisinheritedwithwhateverstimulationhasbeenreceivedfromtheenvironment.3Researcheshavebeeninvestigatingwhathappensinthisinteraction.
http://emrowgh.com omajorfindingshaveemergedfromtheseresearches.Firstly,thegreaterpartofthedevelopmentofobservedintelligenceoccursintheearliestyearsoflife.Itisestimatedthat50percentofmeasurableintelligenceatage17isalreadypredictablebytheageoffour.Secondly,themostimportantfactorsintheenvironmentarelanguageandpsychologicalaspectsoftheparent-childrelationship.Muchofthedifferenceinmeasuredintelligencebetween"privileged"and"disadvantaged"children4maybeduetothelatter'slackofappropriateverbalstimulationandthepovertyoftheirperceptualexperiences.5
5.Theseresearchfindingshaveledtoarevisioninourunderstandingofthenatureofintelligence.Insteadofitbeingsomelargelyinheritedfixedpowerofthemind,wenowseeitasasetofdevelopedskillswithwhichapersoncopeswithanyenvironment.Theseskillshavetobelearnedand,indeed,oneofthemislearninghowtolearn.
6.Themodernideasconcerningthenatureofintelligenceareboundtohavesomeeffectonourschoolsystem.Inonerespectachangeisalreadyoccurring.Withthemovetowardcomprehensiveeducationandthedevelopmentofunstrainedclasses6,fewerchildrenwillbegiventhelabel"lowIQ''whichmustinevitablycondemnachildinhisown,ifnotsociety'seyes.Theideathatwecanteachchildrentobeintelligentinthesamewaythatwecanteachthem
readingorarithmeticisacceptedbymoreandmorepeople.
1.Paragraph2EffectofEnvironmentonIntelligence
2.Paragraph4MainResultsofRecentResearches
3.Paragraph5AChangedViewofIntelligence
4.Paragraph6ImpactonSchoolEducation
5.Itwasoncebelievedthatintelligencewassomethingababywasbornwith,andthuswecantellhowsuccessfulhe/shewillbeinthefutureaccordingtohis/herintelligence.
6.Morerecentresearcheshasshownthatintelligenceisonlypartlyinheritedandpartlyhastodowithachild'slivingenvironment
7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatachildwillhaveabetterchancetodevelophisintelligenceifhehasmoreopportunitiestocommunicatewithothersbymeansoflanguage.
8.Childrenwerenotjustborntobemoreintelligentorleintelligent,buttheycanbetaughttobemoreintelligentatschool.
第十三篇WardoffTravelBugs
1Astheholidayseasonapproaches,sodoestheprospectofjetlag,anupsetstomachorsunburn2.Withcareandsomehelpfromnaturalsources,however,itisquitepossibletoavoidtheseproblems.
2Youcanstarttoprepareacoupleofweeksbeforeyouleave.Foodpoisoningwillmakeanyholidaymiserable,butbytakingsomemedicinesuchaslactobacillusandbifidobacteria3,youcanreducethelikelihoodofsuccumbingto4poisoningbroughton5byfoodorwatertaintedwithunfamiliarbacteria.
3Byimprovingthebacteriabalanceinyourdigestivetract,youcrowdoutthepathogenicbacteriaandstopthemgainingafoothold.6Thebeneficialbacteriaalsoproducegentlebuteffectivenaturalantibioticsinyourgut.
4Inmanyholidaylocationsyouneedtorememberthebasics:drinkbottledwater,avoidundercookedmeatandensurethatfoodhygieneisadequate.Ifyoudosuccumbtofoodpoisoning,drinkplentyofwatertostayhydratedandseeadoctor.However，ifyoudetectdiarrheaearlyenough,youmightliketotrytakingabout10or15pancreaticdigestiveenzymes,whichcandigestthemultiplyingbacteriabeforetheytakeover.
5Takingateaspoonofsilicolgel7canalsohelp.Thislinesthestomachandupperintestinalareaandbindswithbacteriaandviruses，allowingthemtobesafelypassedoutofthegut.Whenyoupack,includegrapefruit-seedextract8,whichisanexcellentall-roundanti-bacterial,anti-parasitic，anti-viralandanti-fungalagent.
6Yourflightcanalsobemademorepleasant.Peppermintoilandgingercapsules9wardoffmotionsickness，butamoredeliciousoptionistonibbleoncrystallizedginger.Ifyoutendtogetearacheontake-offandlanding，youcanusespecialearplugswithfillerthatslowsdowntherateofchangeinairpressure.
7Thegreatestconcernis―economyclasyndrome‖,thepopularnamefordeep-veinthrombosis,whichcanleadtobloodclotstravelingfromthelegstothelungs,heartorbrain.Toreducethis,youneedacoupleofhourstostayhydrated,andavoidalcohol.
8YoucanalsoreducetheseverityofinflammationbytakingadailygramofvitaminCwiththebioflavonoidquercetin10.VitaminCandquercetinalsohelptoreducepricklyheat.
9Finally,ifanyadversesymptomspersistwhileoverseas,youshouldseeadoctor.
1．Paragraph1AvoidingHolidayTroubles
2．Paragraph4BasicsofWhattoEatandDrink
3．Paragraph5MedicineAgainstBacteriaandViruses
4．Paragraph6BasicsofHavingaPleasantFlight
5．Food-poisoningmayposeaproblemwhenyouaretravelling
6．Specialearplugscanmakeyoufeelbetterwhenyourplaneisabouttoland
7．Itisimportanttodrinkalotofwaterwhenyousufferfromfood-poisoning
8．Don‘tforgettobringnecessarymedicinewhenyouarepackingforyourtour
第十四篇HeartbeatofAmerica
1.NewYork—theStatueofLiberty（自由女神）,theskyscrapers,thebeautifulshopsonFifthAvenue（第五大街）andthemanytheatersonBroadway（百老匯）.ThisisAmerica'sculturalcapital.Itisalsoherbiggestcity,withapopulation（人口居民） http://emrowgh.com hesummeritishot,hot,hotandinthewinteritcanbeverycold.Stilltherearehundredsofthingstodoandseealltheyearround.
2.Manhattan（曼哈頓）istherealcenterofthecity.Whenpeoplesay―NewYorkCity,‖theyusuallymeanManhattan.Mostoftheinterestingshops,buildingsandmuseums（博物館）arehere.Inaddition,ManhattanisthesceneofNewYork‘sbusynightlife.In1605thefirstEuropeanscametoManhattanfromHolland（荷蘭）.TheyboughttheislandfromtheNativeAmericansforafewglanecklacesworthabout$26today.
3.WallStreet（華爾街）inManhattanisthefinancial（金融的）heartoftheUSA.Itisalsothemostimportantbankingcenterintheworld.Itisastreetof―skyscrapers.‖Thesearethoseincredible（難以置信的）,highbuildings,whichAmericansinvented,andbuiltfasterandhigherthananyoneelse.Perhapsthetwomostspectacular（壯觀）skyscrapersinNewYorkarethetwotowersoftheNewYorkWorldTradeCenter.Whenthesunsets,their110floorsshinelikepuregold.
4.Likeeverybigcity,NewYorkhasitsowntraffic（交通）system.Trafficjamscanbeterrible.It'susuallyquickesttogobysubway(地鐵).TheNewYorksubwayiseasytouseandquitecheap.ThesubwaygoestoalmosteverycornerofManhattan.Butitisnotsafetotakethesubwaylateanightbecauseinsomeplacesyoucouldgetrobbed（搶劫）.NewYorkbusesarealsoeasytouse.Youseemoreifyougobybus.Therearemorethan30,000taxisinNewYork.They
areeasytosee,becausetheyarebrightyellowandcarrylargeTAXIsigns.Taxisdonotgooutsidethecity.However,theywillgototheairports.Inadditiontothetaxifare,peoplegivethetaxidriveratipof15percentofthefare'svalue.
5.CentralParkisabeautifulgreenoasis（綠洲）inthemiddleofNewYork‘sconcrete（水泥）desert.Itissurprisinglybig,withlakesandwoods,aswellasorganizedrecreationareas.NewYorkersloveCentralPark, http://emrowgh.com hewinter,theygoice-skating,andinthesummerroller-skating.Theyplayball,ridehorsesandhavepicnics（野餐）.Theygobicyclingandboating.Thereisevenachildren'szoo,withwildbirdsandanimals.
6.AlongtheeastsideofCentralParkrunsFifthAvenue,oncecalled―Millionaire'sRow.（百萬富翁之街）‖Inthe19thcentury,therichestmeninAmericabuilttheirmagnificenthomeshere.Itisstillthemostfashionablestreetinthecity,withfamousdepartmentstores.
7.BroadwayisthestreetwhereyouwillfindNewYork'sbest-knowntheaters.ButawayfromthebrightlightsandelegantclothesofBroadwayaremanysmallertheaters.Theirplaysancalled―off-Broad-way‖andareoftenmoreunusualthantheBroadwayshows.Aswellasmanytheaters,NewYorkhasafamousoperahouse.ThisistheMetropolitan,whereinternationalstarssingfromSeptemberuntilApril.CarnegieHallisthecity'smorepopularconcerthall.ButnightlifeinNewYorkoffersmorethanclassicalmusicandtheater.Therearehundredsofnightclubswherepeoplegotoeatanddance.
1.Paragraph3TheFinancialCenterofUSA
2.Paragraph4TheTrafficFacilitiesofNewYork
3.Paragraph5CentralPark—APlaceofRecreationfortheNewYorkers
4.Paragraph6ShoppingCenterfortheRich
5.TheislandofManhattanwasboughtbytheHollandersfromthenativeAmericansforwhatseemstobeaverysmallsumtoday
6.CentralParkisagoodplacewheretheNewYorkerscangoanddowhatevertheylikeforrelaxation.
7.FifthAvenueistheplacewherethewealthypeoplewouldgoshopping
8.Forthoseplay-loverswhoareinterestedinwhatisunusual,thesmalltheatersmightbemoreattractivethantheworldfamousBroadway
第十五篇SmokeGetsinYourMind
1.Lungcancer,hypertension,heartdisease,birthdefects—wearealltoofamiliarwiththedangersofsmoking.Butaddtothatlistafrighteningnewconcern.Mentalillness.Accordingtosomecontroversialnewfindings,ifsmokingdoesnotkillyou,itmay,quitelitter,driveyoutodespair。
2.Thetobaccoindustryopenlypushesitsproductassomethingtoliftyourmoodandsootheanxiety.Buttheshort-termfeel-goodeffectmaymaskthetruth:thatsmokingmayworsenoreventriggeranxietydisorders,panicattacksanddepression,perhapsevenschizophrenia.
3.Cigarettesandmentalillnehavealwaystendedtogotogether.Anestimated1.25billionpeoplesmokeworldwide.Yetpeoplewhoaredepressedoranxiousaretwiceaslikelytosmoke,andupto88percentofthosewithpsychoticdisorderssuchasschizophreniasmokers.ArecentAmericansurveyconcludedthataroundhalfofallcigarettesburninthefingersofthosewithmentalillness.
4.Butthebigquestioniswhy?Theusualstoryisthattheillnecomesfirst.Mentallyillpeopletakeupsmoking,orsmokemoretoalleviatesomeoftheirdistress.Evenwhensmokingseemstostartbeforetheillness,mostdoctorsbelievethatearlybutinvisiblesymptomsofthedisordersparkthedesiretolightup.Butperhapssomethingmoresinisterisgoingon.
5.Agrowingnumberofresearchersclaimthatsmokingisthecause,nottheconsequenceofclinicaldepressionandseveralformsofanxiety.―Weknowalotabouttheeffectsofsmokingonphysicalhealth,andnowwearealsostartingtoseetheadverseeffectsinnewresearchonmentalillness,‖saysNaomiBreslau,directorofresearchattheHenryFordHealthCareSysteminDetroit.
6.Breslauwasoneofthefirsttoconsiderthishereticalpossibility.Thehintcamefromstudies,publishedin1998,whichfollowedagroupofjustover1,000youngadultsforafive-yearperiod.The13percentwhobeganthestudywithmajordepressionwerearoundthreetimesmorelikelytoprogrefrombeinglightsmokerstodailysmokersduringthecourseofthestudy,thoughtherewasnoevidencethatdepressionincreasedthetendencytotakeupsmoking.Butahistoryofdailysmokingbeforethestudycommencedroughlydoubledtheriskofdevelopingmajordepressionduringthefive-yearperiodSmoking,itseems,couldpre-dateillness.
7.AtfirstBreslauconcludedthatwhateverpromptspeopletosmokemightalsomakethemdepressed.Butastheresultsofothermuchlargerstudiesbegantobackthestatisticallink,shebecamemoreconvincedthaneverthatwhatshewasseeingweresignsthatsmoking,perhapsthenicotineitself,couldsomehowaffectthebrainandcausedepression.
8.OneoftheselargerstudieswasledbyGoodman,apediatrician.Shefollowedthehealthoftwogroupsofteenagersforayear.thefirstgroupof8,704adolescentswerenotdepressed,andmightormightnothavebeensmokers,whilethesecondgroupof6,947werehighlydepressedandhadnotbeensmokersinthepastmonth.Afterayearherteamfoundthatalthoughdepressedteenagersweremorelikelytohavebecomeheavysmokers,previousexperimentationwithsmokingwasthestrongestpredictorofsuchbehaviour,notthedepressionitself.Whatismoreimportantisthatteenagerswhostartedoutmentallyfitbutsmokedatleastonepacketperweekduringthestudywerefourtimesmorelikelytodevelopdepressionthantheirnon-smokingpeers.Goodmansaysthatdepressiondoesnotseemtostartbeforecigaretteuseamongteens.―Currentcigaretteuseishowever,apowerfuldeterminantofdevelopinghighdepressivesymptoms（癥狀）.‖
9.Breslau,too,findsthatsmokersareasmuchasfourtimesmorelikelytohaveanisolatedpanicattackandthreetimesmorelikelytodeveloplonger-termpanicdisorderthannon-smokers.It‘sahardmessagetogetacross,becausemanysmokerssaytheybecomeanxiouswhentheyquit,notwhentheysmoke.ButBreslausaysthatthisisashort-livedeffectofwithdrawalwhichmaskstherealitythat,ingeneral,smokershavehigheranxietylevelsthannon-smokersorex-smokers.
1.Paragraph3CloseAssociationBetweenDepressionandSmoking
2.Paragraph4DoubtabouttheUsualBelief
3.Paragraph6EffectofSmokingonmentalHealthInitiallyProved
4.Paragraph8Breslau‘sConclusionSupportedbyAnotherLargerStudy
5.Nowadaysmanydoctorshavebecomeawarethatsmokingisnotonlyahazardtopeople‘sphysicalhealthbuttotheirmentalhealthaswell
6.Thecigaretteadswhichclaimthatsmokingcanhelpsootheanxietyhavebeenprovedtobemisleading
7.Breslau‘sstudyinvolvedfewerpeoplethanGoodman‘sbutlastedlonger.
8.TocontradictBreslau‘sconclusion,manysmokerssaythattheyareleanxiouswhentheysmokebuttheirlevelofanxietyincreaseswhentheyquitesmoking
2016職稱英語概括大意與完成句子
三、概括大意與完成句子（課本）
一、theMakingofaSucceStory發(fā)跡史
課文：IKEAistheworld’slargestfurnitureretailer,……justkeepsongrowing.（六段）
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6、（A，andyearslaterbecameabigcompanyspecializedinmanufacturingandsellingoffurniture。
7.CustomerslikedtheideaofIKEA’sshowroomsbecause(E8.AsflatpackagingsavesmoneyforbothIKEAandthecustomers，（B:
第二篇ThePaperChase文件整理
課文:“Runningahouseisalotlikerunningabusiness……neveroverstuffyourfiles
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5.StephanieDentonisexpert（B）
6.Youcanputyourfilecartanywhereyoulike，oncondition（C）
http://emrowgh.com uponsshouldbethrownawaybecause（A:
8.“Mentallyflexble”indicatesthefact(D:thatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentrequirements.
三、EngilishandEnglishCommunity群體
課文:Thereisnodenying…..partofourheritage
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3.Paragraph4（A
4.Paragraph5（C
5.Onlythroughthesharedlanguage（B
6.Theideaofthenationalboundariesisoftendifferentfrom（A:）
7.Speakersareclassifindintotwogroups（D）
8.AnunderstandingofEnglish（E:hasplayedanimportantroleinthefieldofeducation）第四篇Alaska阿拉斯加
課文:In1959AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintothe……goldandotherminerals
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5.Foraslongasthreemonthsofayear，thesun（D:shinesdayandnight）
6.Accordingtostatistics，（Eofthetobalareaof….
7.AlaskawasoriginallypartofRussia，butwasbought（Cth）
8.GolddidnotbringtoAlaskaasmuchwealth（A:）
第五篇WhydoesFoodCostsoMuch？為何食品開銷如此之大？
課文:In1959theaverageAmericanfamilypaid……forthesharpriseinfoodcosts
1.Paragraph3（E:
2.Paragraph4(D:M5.Manypeopleagreethatfoodpriceshaveincreasedsharplybuttheyhavefailed(D:6.Thefarmershavenotbeenbenefitedverymuch(A7.Housewiveshavetopayforthetimetheysave(E8.Theeconomistshavecometotheconclusionthatthecauseofincreasedfoodpricesliesin(F:第六篇Architecture建筑學(xué)
課文:Architectureistobuildingasliteratureistotheprinted…h(huán)aveallhadimportanteffects
1.Paragraph2(C2.Paragraph3（A;）
3.Paragraph4（B:
4.Paragraph5（E）
5.Somebuildingaresowellconstructedthatarenotonlyuseful（B）
6、Ancientgreekandromanarchitecturalstyles，withwererestoredduringrenaissance，werestillinfluential（E:th
7、Asmodernlifebecomesmorecomplex，peoplehavetoputupmanydifferentkindsofbuildings（A:tomeettheirneeds）
8、Theuseofnewbuildingmaterials….haveplayedanimportantrole（C:）
第七篇HowtoArgueWithYourBo怎樣與老板爭論
課文:Beforeyouarguewithyourboss，…...withyoutoachieveyourgoals
1.Paragraph2（D:）4.Paragraph5(B:)
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5.Ifyouwanttoasktheboforanything,itisimportanttofindoutfirst(B:6.Itisnecessarytomakecleartotheboss(D:7.Itisnotwisetopresentthebowithaproblem(E:8.Youmastbeconsiderateandthinkofthetroubles(C第八篇Earthquake地震
課文:Everyyearearthquakesare…..patternbeforemajorearthquakeshappen
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3.Paragraph4（A:）5.Notalldamageduringanearthquakeiscaused(A6.Notallearthquakesarestrongenough(C7.Scientistshavebeenworkinghardtowarnpeople(D:8.Earthquakescanbepredictedbyobserving第九篇TransportandTrade交通與貿(mào)易
課文:Transportisoneoftheaidstotrade….systemsalsohelptodeveloptrade
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5.Thedevelopmentofmodernmeansoftransport（C）
6.Onlywhengoodscanbecarriedtoallpartsoftheworldquickly（D）
7.Transporthasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoeatwhateverfoodtheywant（B
http://emrowgh.com hetradeofmodernsocietythetransmissionofinformationplaysasimportantaroleas（E:）
第十篇MuseumsinTheModernWorld現(xiàn)代世界的博物館
課文：Museumshavechanged。Theyarenolongerplaces…...largebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff
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5.Nowmuseumsarenolongerrestrictedtotheprivilegedfew，but（B
6.Withthedevelopmentofsociety，people，especiallytheyoungpeople（A:）
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7.Tomeettheneedsofsocitey，moremuseums（E）
http://emrowgh.com omajorproblemsformuseumsarethattheyhavetoomanyvisitorsandthey（D
第十一篇IsThereaWaytoKeeptheBritain’sEconomyGrowing是否有辦法使英國經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)保持增長
課文:Intoday’sknowledgeeconomy….innursingandcarehomes
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4.Paragraph5（B:
5.Everycountryhasitsownway(C6.TheBritishgovernmentdoesn’tseem(F7.Thecreativeindustriesfinditdifficult(E8.Manygraduatesareemployed(B第十二篇Intelligence:aChangedView智力：一個轉(zhuǎn)變了的觀念
課文:Intelligencewasbelievedtobeafixed…..bymoreandmorepeople
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5.Itwasoncebelieved6.Morerecentresearches…..（F:）
7.Itcanbeinferredfrom…(B8.Childrenwerenotjust(A)…
（2016）第十三篇ScreenTest透視檢查
課文：Everyyesrmillionsof…inanyscreeningprogramme.”
1.Paragraph2(A:HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman)
2.Paragraph3(B:InvestigatingtheEffectofScreening)
3.Paragraph4(C:EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels)
4.Paragraph5(D:SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation)
5.Earlydiscoveryofbrestcancermay(C:savealife)
6.Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are(D:stillopentodebate)
http://emrowgh.com layingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay(E:reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer)
8.Radiationexposureshouldbe(reducedtotheminimum)
(舊)第十三篇ElectricaldevicessuchasCDplayers…usedinstand-bymode.
1.Paragraph2（D:EnergyConsumptionTest）
2.Paragraph3（F:NonessentialElectricityUse）
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3.Paragraph4（A:FactorLeadingto…）
4.Paragraph5（C:Proposalsto….）
http://emrowgh.com heUSthehomeappliancesuse(D:themostenergy)
6.TheenergywastedbytheelectronicdevicesintheUSissufficientto(C:poweralargecity.)
7.Itisfoundthatpowerwasteismainlycausedby(F:stand-bypowerconsumption)
8.Philipsstartedtodevelopadevicethatcangreatlyreduces(E:wastedenergy.)
三、概括大意完成句子。（補充）
（一）EsteeLauderDied
ThechildofCentralEuropeanimmigrantswhocreatedaninternational….thelastword.”
1.Paragraph2F:Birth.5.Lauderregardedbeauty6.Lauderdied7.Beforemarricge,shesoldproductsformulated8.Afterretirement,shecontinuedtoshowinterest(二)Ford
Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturing….exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.
1.Paragraph13.Paragraph34.Paragraph45.Theassemblylinemadeitpossibleto6.Fordwasthefirsttoadopt7.Ford’scarsbecauseavailabletoordinarypeoplethanksto8.Ford’shigher-wageandlower-coststrategywasstrongly(三)Robots
ThemostsophisticatedJapaneserobots….whocangettiredandbored.2.Paragraph35.EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare6.RobotsarelepopularinBriaintodaypartlybecause7.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume8.Itisclaimedthatintroducingrobotsis(四)ScienceFiction
Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhich….tomasteritsnewtechnology.5.Someformofidealsocietyis6.BookswrittenbyJ.Verneare
7.Peopleenjoy8.Worksofmodernsciencefictionhave
(五)EvenIntelligentPeopleCanFall
Thestrikingthingabouttheinnovatorswhosucceededinmakingourmodernworldishowoftentheyfailed…theTitanicalltohimself.
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2.Paragraph35.Peopleoftendidn’trealizehowclosetheyweretosuccewhen6.BeforeHenryFordeventusllydevelopedtheModelTcar,7.WaltDisneywasoncesopoorthat8.Themediademandthat(六)GlobalWarming
Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwaeming…thescientistsagreedinadraftreportfromtheworkshop.
1.Paragraph24.Paragraph55.Whenthecoverdiminishesinthecomingdecades,temperature6.TheconclusionreachedattheBerlinworkshop7.TheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigure8.Theincreaseofgreenhousegases(七)KeepingCutFlowers
Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundtheirhouse…Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.5.Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers6.Respirationplaysakeyrole7.Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown8.Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis(八)MessagesfromtheMedia
Theweatherforecast,astoryaboutthecandidatesinanelection…aboutquestionsofwarandpeaces.
http://emrowgh.com evision,radioandbooksareallimportantmediaof7.Formostpeopletelevisionisthemostimportant8.Themamediaareimportanttousbecausetheyshape(九)NiceNameButShe’sSoDeadly
MorethanamillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesweretoldtoleavetheirhomes…Rita,Stan,Tammy,Vince,Wilma.5.Overamillionpeoplewerewarnednot6.TheresponsibilityoftheUSNationalWeatherServiceis7.Hurricanesaregivennames8.Attheendofthe19thcentury,women’snamesstarted(十)SearchingforSmiles
Askmostpeopleanywhereintheworld…becauseordinaryhappineisnotgoodenoughforthem.5.ProfessorDeinerhasspentmanyyearsstuding6.ProfessorDeinerbelievesthatahappypersonisleproneto7.Oncewehavegotenoughtofeelsafe,moneydoesnotmakedifferencetoourhappiness.
8.AccordingtoProfessorDeiner,somepeoplefeelunhappybecausetheycannotappreciate
(十一)60thAnnlversaryCeremonyinMoscow
Withthousandsofsoldiersandwarveteransparading….attheTomboftheUnknownSoldiersonMonday.
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5.Russiacelebratedth6.WorldWarTwodeprivedF:55millionpeopleoftheirlives.
7.Chinapledgesherselftofollow（十二）CanMobilePhonesCauseDisease?
“Mobilephonekilledmyman,”screamedoneheadlinelastyear…whengivenacancer-causingchemical.
1.Paragraph22.Paragraph3E:MysteriousEffects.4.Paragraph56.It7.ThesafetyproblemwithmobilephoneshasE:attractedpublicattention.
8.Tattersallsaidforsurethattheungrounded.