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句子成分及練習(xí)

句子成分及練習(xí) | 樓主 | 2017-07-08 06:29:02 共有3個回復(fù)
  1. 1句子成分及練習(xí)
  2. 2句子成分及練習(xí)
  3. 3高中英語句子成分講解及配套練習(xí)

是一個句子所敘述的主體一般位于句首,作形式主語真正的主語為后面的不定式,簡單謂語由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成,用以說明主語的性質(zhì)特征狀態(tài)與身份它一般位于系動詞如等之后。

句子成分及練習(xí)2017-07-08 06:26:56 | #1樓回目錄

句子成分及練習(xí)

(一)句子成分的定義:

構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;

主要成分有主語和謂語;

次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語和插入語。

二、主語(Subject)

表示句子說的是什么人或什么事.

是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:

8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.

(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)

三)謂語

謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如:

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.

2、復(fù)合謂語:

(1)由情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如:

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.

(2)由助動詞加動詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如:

DoyouspeakEnglish?

Theyareworkinginafield.

Hehascaughtabadcold.

(3)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:

Wearestudents.

注意:謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。

四)表語

表語(Predicative)

用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份,它一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。

表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如:

1.OurteacherofEnglishisan(名詞)

2.Isit(代詞)

3.Theweatherhasturned(形容詞)

4.Thespeechis(分詞)

5.Threetimessevenis?

(數(shù)詞)

6.Hisjobis(不定式)

7.Hishobbyis.

(動名詞)

8.Themeetingis(介詞短語)

9.Timeis.Theclais(副詞)

10.Thetruthis.

(表語從句)

注意:系動詞(Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語,說明主語的狀態(tài),性質(zhì)特征和身份等。

1)狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如:

He2)持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:

Healwayssilentatmeeting.

3)表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,例如:

He(tobe)verysad.

4)感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:

Thiskindofclothverysoft.

5)變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:

6)終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove,turnout,表達"結(jié)果是;證明是",之意,例如:

Therumorfalse.

Hisplanasuccess.

五)賓語

賓語(Object)表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:7.Ithink賓語種類:

(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.

To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等,例如:HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.

For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等,例如:

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.

(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:

Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等,如:

Herefused下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等,如:

Johnhasadmitted.

下列動詞既可接不定式,也可接動名詞做賓語,但意義不同,如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的動作”。如:

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.

(書已還給他了)

六)賓語補足語

賓語補足語(ObjectComplement),用于補充說明賓語的動作,一般位于賓語之后,賓語與賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有:tell,let,help,find,teach,ask,see,hear,have,order,make等!百e補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如:4.Youmustn’七)狀語

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(Adverbial)?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆9種狀語種類如下:

1.Howaboutmeetingagain?時間

2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.原因

3.Ishallgothere.條件

4.MrSmithlives地點

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasket方式

6.Shecamein伴隨,Imustworkharder.目的

7.Hewassotired結(jié)果

8.Sheworksveryhard讓步

9.Iamtaller.比較

九)同位語(Appositive)對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋,通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任,如:

ThisisMr.Zhou,(十)插入語(Parenthesis)對一句話做一些附加的解釋,通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,

believe---)等,如:Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.

Exercises:

一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

二、劃分句子成分

1.weareworking.

2.Icanswimverywell.

3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.

4.Whydoesthewindblow.

5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.

6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.

8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.

9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.

Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.

10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.

11.Readmethefirstparagraph.

12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.

13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.

14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.

15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.

16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.

17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.

18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.

19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.

20.Thetelephonerang.

21.Westudyhard.

22.Hisfathermighthavedied.

23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.

24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?

25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.

26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.

27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.

28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.

29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.

30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.

31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.

32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.

33.Pleasepaanewly-publishedmagazinetome.

34.HelivedinGuangZhou.

35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.

36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.

37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.

38.Ilikepopularmusic.

39.Sheknowswhattodonext.

40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.

單項選擇

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.Nowtheretheman

B.Themanherenow

C.Themanwhoisherenow

D.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetly

C.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.late

C.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://emrowgh.com adB.died

C.dyedD.dying

()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://emrowgh.com ,we

C.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowding

C.crowdedD.crowdedlyC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.it

C.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islooked

C.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.when

C.inwhich

D.where

句子成分及練習(xí)2017-07-08 06:28:12 | #2樓回目錄

句子成分及練習(xí)

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。

(二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)

Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)

Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動名詞)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)

(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動名詞短語)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)

賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語補足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)

Letthefreshairin.(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動名詞)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)

(八)狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)

Waitaminute.(名詞)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)

狀語種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時間狀語)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點狀語)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)

句子成分練習(xí)

一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(—)、狀語(=)、補語(~):

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.

四、選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://emrowgh.com aded

()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We, http://emrowgh.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

句子成分答案

一、1、主語,定語;2、間接賓語;3、謂語,狀語;4、定語;5、狀語,狀語;6、定語,表語;7、賓語,狀語;8、謂語,主語;9、謂語;10、主語,表語;11、謂語,賓語;12、狀語;13、形式賓語,真正賓語;14、賓語、定語;15、插入語,狀語;16、賓語(間賓+直賓);17、狀語,狀語;18、形式主語,表語,賓補;19、賓補;20、表語

二、略

三、略

四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB

高中英語句子成分講解及配套練習(xí)2017-07-08 06:28:30 | #3樓回目錄

句子成分(membersofsentences)

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。

(二)主語:主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americanhasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)(代詞)

(數(shù)詞)

(不定式)

doesharmtothehealth.(動名詞)

(名詞化的形容詞)

hasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)

isnecessary(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Herunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。

如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.

(2)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisan.(名詞)

Isit(代詞)

Theweatherhasturned(形容詞)

Thespeechis

Threetimessevenis(數(shù)詞)

Hisjobis(不定式)

Hishobbyis.(動名詞)

Themachine(介詞短語)

Timeis.Theclais.(副詞)

Thetruthis(表語從句)

(五)賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承受者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseean(名詞)

Theheavyrainprevented(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelped(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretended.(不定式短語)

Ienjoy(動名詞短語)

Ithink((賓語從句)

賓語種類:

(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.

(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

1

(六)賓語補足語:英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補

足語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+

賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如:Hisfathernamedhim.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboat(形容詞)

Letthefreshair(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehim

Wesawher(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelab(介詞短語)

Wewillsoonmakeourcity

(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisa(形容詞)

Chinaisacountry;Americaisa(分詞)

Therearethirty(名詞)

rapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst(不定式短語)

Theplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動名詞)

Heisreadinganarticle(介詞短語)

(八)狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravels(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecity(介詞短語)

Heisproud.(不定式短語)

Heisintheroom

Wait.(名詞)

(狀語從句)

狀語種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagain?(時間狀語)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.(原因狀語)

Ishallgothere(條件狀語)

MrSmithlives.(地點狀語)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasket.(方式狀語)

Shecamein.(伴隨狀語)

(目的狀語)

Hewassotired(結(jié)果狀語)

Sheworksveryhard(讓步狀語)

Iamtaller(比較狀語)

簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(一)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種:

1)陳述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.

2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven

yearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?

3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass

4)感嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!

2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:

1)簡單句:只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)。

2

e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(;)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句:含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

(二)簡單句的五種基本句型

1、主語+系動詞+表語:e.g.Heisastudent.

2、主語+不及物動詞:e.g.Wework.

3、主語+及物動詞+賓語:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。

一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

句子成分練習(xí)題

(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞。

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞。

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall

②Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon

③ http://emrowgh.com insC.haveD.breakfast④Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑤WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is

(三)挑出下列句中的賓語

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

⑤Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.

⑥Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.

(四)挑出下列句中的表語

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

③Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.

(五)挑出下列句中的定語

①Whatisyourgivenname?

②OnthethirdlapareCla1andCla3.

③Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.

④Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.

(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語

①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.

②Shefounditdifficulttodothework.

③TheycallmeLilysometimes.

④IsawMrWanggetonthebus.

⑤DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

(七)挑出下列句中的狀語

①Therewasabigsmileonherface.

②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.

④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MiLihurriedoff.

⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.

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