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句子成分、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

句子成分、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句 | 樓主 | 2017-07-13 02:39:05 共有2個(gè)回復(fù)
  1. 1句子成分;簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句教學(xué)講義
  2. 2句子成分簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句[1]

作形式主語真正的主語為后面的不定式,五賓語賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面,賓補(bǔ)可由名詞形容詞副詞不定式分詞介詞短語和從句充當(dāng),簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語或并列主語和一個(gè)謂語或并列謂語。

句子成分;簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句教學(xué)講義2017-07-13 02:38:28 | #1樓回目錄

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。

(二)主語:主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.()

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.()One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.()Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.()Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.()Therichshouldhelpthepoor.()

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.()

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語:由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Herunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:You(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:We.

(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.()Isityours?()

Theweatherhasturnedcold.()Thespeechisexciting.()

Threetimessevenistwentyone?()HisjobistoteachEnglish.()

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.()Themachinemustbeoutoforder.()Timeisup.Theclaisover.()Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.()

(五)賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.()

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.()

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.()

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.()

Hepretendednottoseeme.()

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.()Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.()賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如:

Hisfathernamedhim.(名詞)Theypaintedtheirboat(形容詞)

Letthefreshair()Youmustn’tforcehim(不定式短語)Wesawher.(現(xiàn)在分詞)Wefoundeverythinginthelab.()Wewillsoonmakeourcity

(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:

(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.()

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.()

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.()

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.()

(八)狀語:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆

Lighttravels.(副詞及副詞性詞組)Hehaslivedinthecity.(介詞短語)Heisproud(不定式短語)HeisintheroomWait.(名詞),youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)狀語種類如下:Howaboutmeetingagain()Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.()Ishallgothere.()MrSmithlives()Sheputtheeggsintothebasket()Shecamein(伴隨狀語)()Hewassotired()Sheworksveryhard.()Iamtaller(比較狀語)

練習(xí)

指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(一)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種:

1)陳述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.

2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?

3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkincla4)感嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!

2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:

1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。

.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。

.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

(二)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語:e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞:e.g.Wework.

3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。

(三)并列句的分類

1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.

2、表示選擇,常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmithetrain.

3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.

4、表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.

(四)高考考點(diǎn)探討

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多,但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解,在書面表達(dá)中,沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個(gè)題目,幾個(gè)考點(diǎn),是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

3、高考對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如:and,but,or,while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。

4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起,以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯,時(shí)間從句與條件從句中,如果主句是將來時(shí),從句則用一般式表將來,這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)?疾。

如:Wewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow。

練習(xí)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:

1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?

4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.

5.HeisinClaOneandIaminClaTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?

9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:

AFireDrill

LastFriday,afiredrillwascarriedoutinourschool.Beforethedrill,ourteachercarefullyexplainedtouswhatweshoulddowhentherewasafireintheschool.Everyoneofuslistenedattentivelyandrememberedtherightprocedure.

At9:30whenwewerehavingaChineseclass,thefirealarmrang.Withouthesitation,wewentdownthestairsinorderasplanned.Followingourteachers’instructions,wemovedtowardstheexits.Threeminuteslater,allthestudentscameoutsidetheteachingbuildingsafely,whichisreallyanexperience.Ithinkalltheschoolsshouldhavethesekindsofdrillssothateverystudentwillknowwhattheyshoulddowhenmeetingcertaindisasters.

三、將下列句子譯成英語。

(1)這種布摸起來很柔軟。_____________________________________________

(2)你昨晚睡得好嗎?_____________________________________________

(3)我很難相信他竟然準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加了會(huì)議。______________________________________________

(4)這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。______________________________________________

(5)問題一直未解決。_______________________________________________

(6)她漸漸地變得很沉默。_______________________________________________

(7)醫(yī)生已決定什么時(shí)候給病人做手術(shù)。_______________________________________________

(8)要我在一小時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是不可能的。_______________________________________________

句子成分簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句[1]2017-07-13 02:36:34 | #2樓回目錄

句子成分;簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。

(二)主語:主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語:由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)

Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)

Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)1

(五)賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)

賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)

Letthefreshairin.(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)

(八)狀語:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語?捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)

Waitaminute.(名詞)

2

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)

狀語種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)

選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold

C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://emrowgh.com aded

()6.__wereallverytired,butnoneof__wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We, http://emrowgh.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(一)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種:

1)陳述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.

2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?

3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass

4)感嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!

2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:

1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。

e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

(二)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型

1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語:e.g.Heisastudent.

2、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞:e.g.Wework.

3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。

(三)并列句的分類

1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.

2、表示選擇,常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmithetrain.

3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.

4、表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.

Keys:

1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB

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