測(cè)控專業(yè)英語課文翻譯
《測(cè)控專業(yè)英語》從測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè)的角度，選編了關(guān)于機(jī)械、電子、測(cè)量、控制及計(jì)算機(jī)等方面的英文資料，基本上覆蓋了和測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器相關(guān)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。《以下是小編整理的測(cè)控專業(yè)英語課文翻譯，歡迎閱讀。
當(dāng)然，有應(yīng)用的個(gè)人電腦的所有者可能想比僅通過GPIB與各種設(shè)備的奇數(shù)，提供更高的性能。這種系統(tǒng)通常稱為基于PC的工作站。在基于PC的工作站，儀器模塊匹配性能和兼容性都聚集圍繞PC電腦�；赑C的工作站允許來自多臺(tái)儀器的數(shù)據(jù)迅速聚集，存儲(chǔ)，作圖，分析，并納入一臺(tái)PC機(jī)上的報(bào)告形式。這種類型的系統(tǒng)一般都放在一個(gè)制造商合作，以提高性能和涉及的儀器模塊之間的合作。
There are, of course, applications for which the owner of a PC may want higher performance than that offered by the GPIB alone, with its odd assortment of devices. Such systems are generally referred to as PC-based workstations. In a PC-based workstation, instrument modules with matched performance and compatibility are clustered around a PC computer. The PC-based workstation allows data from multiple instruments to be rapidly gathered ,stored, graphed ,analyzed, and incorporated into report form on a single PC. Systems of this type are generally put together by one manufacturer to enhance performance and cooperation between the instrument modules involved.
一個(gè)基于PC的工作站的一個(gè)例子是惠普推出的PC儀器系統(tǒng)。 PC儀器是一系列的九個(gè)專用儀器模塊，旨在通過一個(gè)專門的接口總線操作惠普觸摸屏II個(gè)人電腦，IBM PC / XT / AT，AT＆T的電腦6300，或的HP Vectra PC。在PC的儀器提供儀器模塊是一個(gè)50 MHz的數(shù)字示波器，一個(gè)12位數(shù)字 - 模擬轉(zhuǎn)換器雙通道，100 MHz的通用計(jì)數(shù)器，5 MHz的函數(shù)發(fā)生器，數(shù)字萬用表。
An example of a PC-based workstation is the PC Instruments system introduced by Hewlett-Packard. PC Instruments are a series of nine dedicated instrument modules designed to operate over a dedicated interface bus by an HP Touchscreen II personal computer ,an IBM PC/XT/AT, an AT&T PC 6300, or an HP Vectra PC. Among the instrument modules available for PC Instruments are a 50-MHz digitizing oscilloscope, a 12-bit dual-channel digital-to-analog converter, a 100-MHz universal counter, a 5-MHz function generator, and a digital multimeter.
從儀器模塊收集的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)直接送入電腦存儲(chǔ)，顯示和分析。該儀器模塊本身有沒有米，或顯示自己的。所有輸出，包括波形顯示，通過電腦屏幕上，可同時(shí)顯示多達(dá)八個(gè)不同的儀器輸出。
Test data gathered from the instrument modules are fed directly to the PC for storage, display, and analysis. The instrument modules themselves have no meters or displays of their own. All outputs, including waveform displays, are through the PC screen, and up to eight different instrument outputs may be displayed simultaneously.
PC儀器通信與PC通過PC的儀器總線，或PCIB。 PCIB實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)單一的接口卡插入到PC主板的擴(kuò)展槽。每個(gè)PCIB接口卡支持多達(dá)8個(gè)儀器模塊。安裝到計(jì)算機(jī)中的第二個(gè)PCIB，允許為8個(gè)額外的儀器模塊的支持。
PC Instruments communicates with the PC via the PC Instruments Bus, or PCIB. PCIB is implemented with a single interface card that plugs into one expansion slot of the PC motherboard. Each PCIB interface card supports up to eight instrument modules. Installing a second PCIB into the computer permits support for an eight additional instrument modules.
PCIB是獨(dú)一無二的，它支持并行和串行通信（圖1）。乍一看，兩個(gè)通信信道，在一個(gè)單一的總線系統(tǒng)的想法似乎是多余的。然而，仔細(xì)分析，是實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)約成本和減少冗余。
The PCIB is unique in that it supports both parallel and serial communications (Figure 1). At first glance, the idea of having two communications channels in a single bus system appears to be redundant. On closer analysis, however, a cost saving is realized and the redundancy is reduced.
在一個(gè)典型的GPIB系統(tǒng)，有需要的輸入和/或輸出接地和計(jì)算機(jī)隔離，以使可浮動(dòng)測(cè)量的儀器，如電壓和電流米。隔離通常是providedby光隔離器的GPIB通信儀器中的數(shù)據(jù)串行方式使用并行到串行的轉(zhuǎn)換。從儀器的數(shù)據(jù)，也必須通過使用光隔離串行到并行的轉(zhuǎn)換器傳遞到GPIB。因此，每一個(gè)設(shè)備，需要隔離，還需要自己的一雙光隔離器和相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換器。
In a typical GPIB system there are instruments, such as voltage and current meters, that require the inputs and/or outputs to be isolated from earth ground and the computer so that floating measurements can be made. The isolation is typically provided by optoisolators communicating the data from the GPIB side to the instrument in serial fashion using a parallel-to-serial converter. Data coming from the instrument likewise must pass to the GPIB through an optoisolator using a serial-to-parallel converter. Consequently, every device that requires isolation also requires its own pair of optical isolators and respective converters.
在PC儀器，測(cè)試儀器，可以選擇之間的隔離的串行通信通道或更快，非隔離總線并
行通信。串行通道的并行到串行和串行到并行轉(zhuǎn)換器被放置在接口卡，從而降低了系統(tǒng)成本，同時(shí)提高性能。
In PC Instruments, the test instrument may choose between an isolated serial communications channel or the faster, nonisolated parallel communications bus. The parallel-to-serial and serial-to-parallel converters for the serial channel are placed on the interface card ,thus reducing system cost while improving performance.
PCIB并行通信通道（圖2）提供高速數(shù)據(jù)路徑為文書，并不需要隔離。數(shù)據(jù)可傳輸速率最高可達(dá)100K字節(jié)/秒，受個(gè)人電腦主機(jī)的限制。并行通信通道包含一個(gè)8位數(shù)據(jù)路徑，兩條控制線，與相應(yīng)的地面回報(bào)，是26芯的帶狀電纜連接個(gè)人電腦主機(jī)的模塊化儀器的一部分。PCIB并行通信通道是向上兼容的GPIB，PC儀器最通用的系統(tǒng)。
The PCIB parallel communications channel (Figure 2) offers a high-speed data path for instruments that do not need isolation. Data can be transmitted at rates up to 100K bytes/second, subject to limitations of the host personal computer. The parallel communications channel consists of an 8-bit data path, two control lines, with appropriate ground returns, are part of the 26-conductor ribbon cable that connects the host personal computer to the modular instruments. The PCIB parallel communications channel is also upwardly compatible the GPIB, making PC Instruments a most versatile system.
PC儀器的最令人印象深刻的的方面之一是軟前面板的系統(tǒng)軟件，它提供了一個(gè)交互式圖形用戶手動(dòng)控制儀器的機(jī)制。控制面板也可以直接調(diào)用eithej - DOS，BASIC，或任何其他語言，產(chǎn)生正確的反應(yīng)，因此，貸款使用定制軟件程序的計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。
One of the most impressive aspects of PC Instruments is the soft front-panel system software, which provides an interactive graphics mechanism for the user to control instruments manually. The control panel can also be invoked directly from eithej- DOS, BASIC, or any other language that produces the correct response, thus lending the system to computer automated testing using customized software routines.
前面板軟件模擬傳統(tǒng)樂器堆放臺(tái)式，允許用戶同時(shí)觀看所有的控制模塊。它是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事TD選擇一個(gè)新的儀器，利用簡(jiǎn)單的觸摸屏，鼠標(biāo)或鍵盤輸入。
The front-panel software emulates a benchtop stacked with traditional instruments,allowing the user to control one module while viewing them all. It is a simple matter tdselect a new instrument using simple touch-screen, mouse, or keyboard inputs.
為每個(gè)已安裝的儀器模塊的軟件是包含在所有時(shí)間內(nèi)的主機(jī)電腦。每個(gè)測(cè)試模塊的`性能進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化個(gè)人表現(xiàn)及互動(dòng)合作。數(shù)字示波器軟件，例如，在當(dāng)前的PC儀器行是最復(fù)雜的，是代表什么系統(tǒng)能夠做到的事情。數(shù)字示波器]軟件包分成五大功能：硬件設(shè)置，數(shù)據(jù)采集和顯示，用戶界面，測(cè)量，并計(jì)劃控制。
The software for each installed instrument module is contained within the host computer at all times. The performance of each test module has been optimized for both individual performance and interactive cooperation. The software for the digitizing oscilloscope，for example, is the most complex in the current PC Instruments line, and is representative of what the system is capable of doing. The digitizing oscilloscope] software package is broken into five major functions： hardware setup, data acquisition and display, user interface，measurements, and program control.
硬件設(shè)置設(shè)置縱向和橫向的敏感性，延遲timip耦合輸入，采集模式，并觸發(fā)配置示波器模量被調(diào)用時(shí)，安裝說明在PCIB發(fā)送執(zhí)行示波器modufl。
The hardware setup sets the vertical and horizontal sensitivities，delay timip coupling input，acquisition mode，and trigger configuration for the oscilloscope moduli When invoked，the setup instructions are sent over the PCIB to the oscilloscope modufl for execution.
數(shù)據(jù)采集包括以下測(cè)量過程，從示波器模塊讀取一個(gè)251字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)字符串。根據(jù)上述過程中所描述的硬件設(shè)置縮放的數(shù)據(jù)。用戶使用前面板的圖形，每個(gè)屏幕上的設(shè)置可能會(huì)被修改。因此，在數(shù)據(jù)顯示的變化可飛。
Data acquisition consists of reading a 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module following a measurement procedure. The data is scaled according to the hardware settings described in the procedure above. The settings may be modified by the user using the front-panel graphics that are available on every screen. Consequently, change in the display of the data can be made on the fly.
測(cè)量包包括控制電壓和時(shí)間標(biāo)記和自動(dòng)參數(shù)測(cè)量上升時(shí)間，下降時(shí)間的波形分析?時(shí)期，頻率，脈沖寬度，過沖，前沖，峰 - 峰值電壓。這些測(cè)量的基礎(chǔ)上的251字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)從示波器模塊的字符串使用直方圖來確定的絕對(duì)和相對(duì)maximum9 minitnum，和個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，以及上升沿和下降沿的位置，統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。因?yàn)榻y(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，而不是身體，它也受到tosoftware處理在大致相同的方式，信號(hào)處理與RC Flectronics是IS - 16 COMPUTERSCOPE在本章開頭所述。
The measurement package includes control of voltage and time markers and waveform analysis for automatic parametric measurements of rise time，fall time? period, frequency, pulse width, overshoot, preshoot，and peak-to-peak voltage. These measurements are based on a statistical analysis of the 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module, using a histogram to determine the absolute and relative maximum9 minitnum, and percentage points, as well as the location of rising and falling edges. Because the data is displayed statistically，not physically，it is also subject tosoftware processing in much the same way that signal processing was done with the R C Flectronics IS-16 COMPUTERSCOPE described at the beginning of this chapter.
個(gè)人電腦工具軟件還允許通過電腦儀器之間的數(shù)據(jù)交換。例如，在示波器顯示屏上看到的變化，可以調(diào)整使用軟件的反饋循環(huán)，函數(shù)發(fā)生器，繼電器執(zhí)行器等，一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序可能預(yù)期隨頻率變化。通過監(jiān)測(cè)被測(cè)設(shè)備的輸出電壓，使用示波器，可自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償信號(hào)波動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)字符串和軟件處理，函數(shù)發(fā)生器的輸出電平調(diào)整。
The PC Instruments software also allows for data exchange between instruments via the computer. For example，changes seen on the oscilloscope display can be adjusted using software feedback loops to the function generator, relay actuator, etc. One application may be expected to vary with frequency. By monitoring the output voltage of the device under test, using the oscilloscope，s data string and software processing, adjustment to the output level of the function generator can be made to automatically compensate for signal fluctuations
基于PC的工作站，不論是作為一個(gè)像惠普PC從GPIB元件組裝的儀器系統(tǒng)購買，也非常適用于自動(dòng)化測(cè)試環(huán)境。自動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)，自動(dòng)測(cè)試設(shè)備（ATE）組裝，計(jì)算機(jī)與數(shù)字控制的激勵(lì)和測(cè)量?jī)x器接口
The PC-based workstation，whether purchased as a system like the Hewlett-Packard PC Instruments of assembled from GPIB components, also lends itself well to automated testing environments. Automated testing systems，assembled from automatic test equipment (ATE), are a result of the computer being interfaced with digitally controlled stimulus and measurement instrumentation.
ATE正在迅速取代臺(tái)式設(shè)置，手動(dòng)控制，使測(cè)量的儀器。一旦啟動(dòng)，ATE可以繼續(xù)在沒有外界干預(yù)其運(yùn)作，可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)數(shù)以千計(jì)的參數(shù)測(cè)試。 ATE的記錄測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，不犯錯(cuò)誤，不妥協(xié)的測(cè)試，不會(huì)忘記測(cè)試，不累。因此，ATE極大地提高了吞吐量和測(cè)量精度。它甚至可以糾正自己的錯(cuò)誤，其測(cè)量結(jié)果比較已知的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和補(bǔ)償?shù)膮^(qū)別。
ATE is quickly replacing the benchtop setups of instrumentation that were manually controlled to make measurements. Once started, ATE can continue its operation with no outside intervention and can test thousands of parameters in seconds. ATE does not make mistakes when recording test data, does not compromise a test， does not forget tests, and does not get tired. Consequently, ATE dramatically improves throughput and measurement accuracy. It can even correct its own errors by comparing its measurement results to a known standard and compensating for the difference.
可分為三大類：臺(tái)式，專用，通用ATE測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。生產(chǎn)半導(dǎo)體和大型電子系統(tǒng)，專用自動(dòng)測(cè)試設(shè)備是必要的，盡管沉重，投資。但是，成千上萬的小系統(tǒng)和子系統(tǒng)制造商，成本更低的臺(tái)式PC為基礎(chǔ)的工作站是更好的解決方案。
ATE test system may be divided into three classes：benchtop, dedicated, and general-purpose. For manufactures of semiconductors and large electronics systems, dedicated automatic test equipment is a necessary, albeit hefty, investment. But for thousands of small systems and subsystems manufacturers, the less costly benchtop PC-based workstation is the better solution.
靈活的ATE系統(tǒng)通常由加入由IEEE - 488或RS - 232總線，以紓緩的不兼容問題，可以發(fā)生在來自不同供應(yīng)商的連接部分的現(xiàn)成文書。這種方法的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，它可以很容易地為多種測(cè)試應(yīng)用程序重新配置，只需更換一個(gè)另一臺(tái)儀器。
A flexible ATE system usually consists of off-the-shelf instruments joined by an IEEE-488 or RS-232 bus to relieve the incompatibility problem that can occur in linking parts from different vendors. A major advantage of this approach is that it can easily be reconfigured for a variety of test applications by simply swapping one instrument for another.
靈活的ATE測(cè)試中，是沒有操作員干預(yù)的應(yīng)用一般是完全可編程。盡管如此，其成分也應(yīng)該允許操作員干預(yù)或手動(dòng)操作時(shí)的情況使然。例如，手動(dòng)操作時(shí)，儀器具有功能關(guān)閉行輕微的測(cè)試任務(wù)，為維護(hù)或故障排除目的，或系統(tǒng)測(cè)試軟件的編寫和調(diào)試是可取的。
Flexible ATE is generally fully programmable for applications in which testing is to be done with no operator intervention. Nonetheless，its components should also allow for operator intervention or manual operation when the situation so dictates. For example，manual operation is desirable when an instrument has to function off-line for maintenance or troubleshooting purposes, for minor testing tasks, or for writing and debugging the system test software.
到ATE的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是在編寫軟件所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用。因?yàn)榫帉戃浖膳渲肁TE系統(tǒng)時(shí)，最大的單一任務(wù)，必須謹(jǐn)慎，在選擇編程語言和程序結(jié)構(gòu)。有人估計(jì)，軟件開發(fā)成本可以運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)成本的90％。一般而言，ATE系統(tǒng)將耗資4至7倍多相當(dāng)于手動(dòng)工具。
A drawback to ATE is the expense incurred in writing the software. Because writing software can be the largest single task when configuring an ATE system, care must be exercised in the programming language selected and the structuring of the program. In some estimates, the cost of software development can run 90 percent of the cost of the system. Generally, an ATE system will cost four to seven times more than equivalent manual instrument.
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