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大學英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案
無論是在學校還是在社會中，我們很多時候都不得不用到試題，試題可以幫助學�；蚋髦鬓k方考察參試者某一方面的知識才能。一份什么樣的試題才能稱之為好試題呢？以下是小編收集整理的大學英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
大學英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案 1
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
I hate tipping.
I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.
Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.
One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.
So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.
46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?
A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.
B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.
C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.
D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.
47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?
A) It sets a bad example for other industries.
B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.
C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.
D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.
48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?
A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.
B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.
C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.
D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.
49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?
A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.
B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.
C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.
D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.
50. What does the author argue for in the passage?
A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.
B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.
C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.
D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?
Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.
The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(補貼) for their consumers.”
But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.
Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.
Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.
Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.
51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.
B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.
C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.
D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.
52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?
A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.
B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.
C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.
D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.
53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?
A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.
B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.
C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.
54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?
A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.
B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.
C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.
D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.
55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?
A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.
B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.
C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.
D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.
46. [B] He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.
47. [C] It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.
48. [D] They can have some say in how much their servers earn.
49. [A] Services quality has little effect on tip size.
50. [D] Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.
【答案解析】
46.根據(jù)題目中的Bill Perry這個專有名詞，我們可以定位到文中的第一段話。在But后面有提到“我能告訴你我喜歡這個小伙子。因為他打算禁止付小費這種情況，而贊成給服務員實際的工資”。B選項和這句話的含義接近，get rid of意為“擺脫”，和ban“禁止”含義相近;plan to和intend to含義一樣。所以正確答案為B.
47.根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞the author hates tipping和main reason可以返回原文，定位到第三段。文中說“我討厭它，因為它將義務偽裝成一種選擇�！奔热皇橇x務，那必然是強迫顧客去做的事情，這和C選項的含義較為接近。
48.根據(jù)關鍵詞many people love tipping返回原文，我們可以定位至第四段。根據(jù)文中第二行的You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes.可知，這題應該選擇D選項。
49.文中問的是調查中一些服務員的觀點，這在第五段的最后一句話中有所體現(xiàn)，文中說：一些服務員不認為他們的工作會受到收到的消費的影響。
50.本題問作者的觀點，切記文中無人認領的觀點便是作者的觀點。在第六段的末尾有提到說，作者支持Bill Perry的觀點，而Bill的觀點就和D選項是近義表達。
參考答案：
51. [C] The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.
52. [D] Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.
53. [C] They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
54. [B] Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.
55. [C] Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.
答案解析：
51. [C] The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.
解析：本題是主旨題，原文第一段表示“過去油價下降總是刺激世界經濟增長，但是即使現(xiàn)在油價下降越來越多，最新對經濟增長的預測卻不容樂觀，這意味著更低的油價和增長之間的關系削弱了嗎?”這第一段點明了主題，后面的段落都是在討論油價下降為什么以前可以刺激經濟增長，而現(xiàn)在卻不再能刺激經濟增長了�？梢钥闯鍪荂是正確答案。
52. [D] Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.
解析：根據(jù)原文第二段 “some experts say there are still good reasons to ... They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy”，可以看出是D正確選項。
53. [C] They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
解析：根據(jù)原文第三段中“draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies for their consumers”，可以看出C是正確選項。
54. [B] Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.
解析：根據(jù)原文第五段中“the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil”可以看出B是正確選項。
55. [C] Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.
解析：根據(jù)原文第六段中“so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy”，可以看出是C正確選項。
大學英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案 2
Part Ⅲ Reading Section C(卷二)
Passage One
"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."
Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.
Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexicos taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales if untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.
The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.
Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.
Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however.
Some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.
While reformulating recipes(配方)is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that
there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches-including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes-will be needed. There is no silver bullet.
46.What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco.
A.They were profitable to manufacture.
B.They were in ever-increasing demand.
C.They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.
D.They were no longer considered necessities of life.
【答案】C
47.Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?
A.They are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.
B.They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.
C.They practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.
D.The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.
【答案】B
48.What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?
A.It did not work out as well as was expected.
B.It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.
C.It could not succeed without German cooperation.
D.It met with firm opposition from the food industry.
【答案】A
49.What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?
A.Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.
B.Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.
C.Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers needs.
D.Adjusting the physical composition of their products.
【答案】D
50.What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet"(Line 4, Para 7)?
A.There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.
B.There is no hope of success without public cooperation.
C.There is on hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.
D.There is no effective way to reduce peoples sugar consumption.
【答案】A
Passage Two
You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.
Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a models body mass should be a workspace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.
The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organizations standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.
"Especially girls and tens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." Thats especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia(厭食癥)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
Its commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.
Records suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.
In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a models weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States wont be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer cant survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."
51.What do Record and Austin say about fashion models body mass?
A.It has caused needless controversy.
B.It is focus of the modeling business.
C.It is but a matter of personal taste.
D.It affects models health and safety.
【答案】D
52.What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?
A.A change in the publics view of female beauty.
B.Government legislation about models weight.
C.Elimination of forced weight loss by models.
D.Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.
【答案】B
53.Why are Record and Austin worried about the low body mass index of models?
A.It contributes to many mental illnesses.
B.It defines the future of the fashion industry.
C.It has great influence on numerous girls and women.
D.It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runaway.
【答案】C
54. What do we learn about Frances fashion industry?
A.It has difficulty hiring models.
B.It has now a new law to follow.
C.It allows girls under 18 on the runway.
D.It has overtaken that of the United States.
【答案】B
55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?
A.It will create a completely new set of rules.
B.It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.
C.It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.
D.It will have models with a higher BMI.
【答案】D
大學英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案 3
2023年12月英語四級閱讀真題及答案（28）
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by thelate 1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better."It’s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago’s Medical Center, "if you don’t like it, change it."
He link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.
A.we can think logically in the dreams too
B.dreams can be brought under conscious control
C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C.One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D.People having negative feelings dream more often.
3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A.control what dreams to dream
B.sleep well without any dreams
C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams
4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A.learn to control his dreams
B.consult a doctor
C.sleep and dream on it
D.get rid of anxiety first
5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A.a good practice
B.a new discovery
C.helpful for everyone
D.not essential for everyone
參考答案
1.[D] 詞義理解題。在第1段第4句中，逗號后面的regulating moods是對emotional thermostat的功能進行解釋說明，因此可以推斷出選項D正確。
2.[C] 事實細節(jié)題。最具干擾的是選項A，因為其陳述與第2段第2句的陳述有點相似,但是，此長句說的是大多數(shù)人上半夜做噩夢，之后都會做好夢，而不是像選項A中所說大多數(shù)噩夢之后是好夢。而且，根據(jù)本段第1 句，很明顯，選項C是這一句的近義替換。
3 [C] 推理判斷題。本題考査對代詞的理解。在第3段的最后一句中，代詞it應指上文說到的控制噩夢，及時醒來等做法，因此只有選項C涉及了其中一個做法。選項A太泛了，選項B和D在文中并無提及。
4.[B] 事實細節(jié)題。本題考查根據(jù)構詞法猜測詞義的能力。解題關鍵是推斷最后一段第3句中therapist的意義，在考綱詞匯表中，therapy是“治療”的意思，因此，therapist應該是專門負責某種治療的醫(yī)生，由此可見，選項B是對原文seek help from a therapist的近義替換。
5.[D] 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一句可以推斷作者認為如無必要，夢還是不要控制的好。做夢會讓你早上感覺舒服一些，因此本題應選D。
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