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6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案
在大學(xué)生活中，激烈的學(xué)習(xí)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以至于大家不得不都努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)，平時(shí)多練習(xí)一些四級(jí)真題試卷有利于提高四級(jí)成績(jī)，下面是小編為大家收集整理的6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案，希望對(duì)您有所幫助！
PartⅠ
Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start abusiness of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasonsfor your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part Ⅱ
Listening Comprehension
( 25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A. It was dangerous to live in.
B. It was going to be renovated.
C. He could no longer pay the rent.
D. He had sold it to the royal family.
2. A. A strike.
B. A storm.
C. A forest fire.
D. A terrorist attack.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A. They lost contact with the emergency department.
B. They were trapped in an underground elevator.
C. They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.
D. They sent calls for help via a portable radio.
4. A. They tried hard to repair the elevator.
B. They released the details of the accident.
C. They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.
D. They provided the miners with food and water.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A. Raise postage rates.
B. Improve its services.
C. Redesign delivery routes.
D. Close some of its post offices.
6. A. Shortening business hours.
B. Closing offices on holidays.
C. Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.
D. Computerizing mall sorting processes.
7. A. Many post office staff will lose their jobs.
B. Many people will begin to complain.
C. Taxpayers will be very pleased.
D. A lot of controversy will arise.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A. He will be kept from promotion.
B. He will go through retraining.
C. He will be given a warning.
D. He will lose part of his pay.
9. A. He is always on time.
B. He is a trustworthy guy.
C. He is an experienced press operator.
D. He is on good terms with his workmates.
10. A. She is a trade union representative.
B. She is in charge of public relations.
C. She is a senior manager of the shop.
D. She is better at handling such matters.
11. A. He is skilled and experienced.
B. He is very close to the manager.
C. He is always trying to stir up trouble.
D. He is always complaining about low wages.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A. Open.
B. Friendly.
C. Selfish.
D. Reserved.
13. A. They stay quiet.
B. They read a book.
C. They talk about the weather.
D. They chat with fellow passengers.
14. A. She was always treated as a foreigner.
B. She was eager to visit an English castle.
C. She was never invited to a colleagues home.
D. She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.
15. A. Houses are much more quiet.
B. Houses provide more privacy.
C. They want to have more space.
D. They want a garden of their own.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A. They dont have much choice of jobs.
B. They are likely to get much higher pay.
C. They dont have to go through job interviews.
D. They will automatically be given hiring priority.
17. A. Ask their professors for help.
B. Look at school bulletin boards.
C. Visit the school careers service.
D. Go through campus newspapers.
18. A. Helping students find the books and journals they need.
B. Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.
C. Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.
D. Providing students with information about the library.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A. It tastes better.
B. It is easier to grow.
C. It may be sold at a higher price.
D. It can better survive extreme weathers.
20. A. It is healthier than green tea.
B. It can grow in drier soil.
C. It will replace green tea one day.
D. It is immune to various diseases.
21. A. It has been well received by many tea drinkers.
B. It does not bring the promised health benefits.
C. It has made tea farmers life easier.
D. It does not have a stable market.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A. They need decorations to show their status.
B. They prefer unique objects of high quality.
C. They decorate their homes themselves.
D. They care more about environment.
23. A. They were proud of their creations.
B. They could only try to create at night.
C. They made great contributions to society.
D. They focused on the quality of their products.
24. A. Make wise choices.
B. Identify fake crafts.
C. Design handicrafts themselves.
D. Learn the importance of creation.
25. A. To boost the local economy.
B. To attract foreign investments.
C. To arouse public interest in crafts.
D. To preserve the traditional culture.
Part Ⅲ
Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense.But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes--animal fighting--things26 work out that way.Dog-fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and "sport," yet their criminal abusers oftenreceive a28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animalfighters only get probation (緩刑).
Some progress has been made in the prosecution (起訴) of animal fighters. But federal judgesoften rely heavily on the U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when they29 penalties, and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30
The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which31 these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This is a step in the right32, but wed like to see the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines.
Along with this effort, were working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assistoverburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims. This help is 35 importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from gettinginvolved in cruelty cases in the first place.
A. convenient
B. creates
C. critically
D. determine
E. direction
F. hesitate
G. inadequate
H. inspired
I. method
J. minimal
K. rarely
L. shelters
M. strengthen
N. sufferings
O. tortured
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
When Work Becomes a Game
A) What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.
B) Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be knownas "gamification" : essentially, turning work into a game. "Gamification is about understandingwhat it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience ingames, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace andeducation," explains Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School ofBusiness at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.
C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could alsomean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies fromGoogle to LOréalto IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in theirworkplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that theglobal gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2015 to $11.1 billion by 2020.
D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachershave long looked for fun ways to engage peoples reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jackshas been "gamifying" its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, headds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (巨頭) Charles Schwab is said to have often comeinto his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.
E) But the word "gamification" and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only beganin earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation nowentering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. "We are at apoint where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playingvideo games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too," Werbachsays.
F) A number of companies have sprung up--GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville, to name a few--in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effectiveturn employees ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. "What makes a gamegame-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome," Werbach says. "The principle isabout understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understandingof psychology. "
G) Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.Sales people often fall into thiscategory. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is winningat all times. Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One companyWerbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boost employees morale(士氣). When employees log in to their computers, theyre shown a picture of one of theircoworkers and asked to guess that persons name.
H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employeetrainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed agamification strategy for a saies training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed"storm chaser teams" and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn variousrewards. "Rewards do not have to be stuff," Cornetti says. "Rewards can be flexible workinghours. " Another training, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfstheme. "Snow White" is available for everyone to use, but the "dwarfs" are still under copyright,so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay rolllaw principles.
I) Some people do not take naturaily to gamified work environments, Cornetti says.In herexperience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering do not tend to like thesound of the word. "If we are designing for engineers, Im not talking about a game at all,"Cornetti says. "Im talking about a simulation (模擬), Im talking about being able to solvethis problem. "
J) Gamification is " not a magic bullet," Werbach warns.A gamification strategy that is notsufficiently thought through or well tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but itwill not motivate people in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used withvulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobsyet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbachgives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, Caiifornia, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another.Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began tostop taking bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnantemployees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the boardas a "digital whip. ""It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance," Werbachsays.
K) Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, "as more and more people comeinto the workforce who are familiar with the structures and expressions of digitai games. ""We arefar from reaching the peak," Cornetti agrees. "There is no reason this will go away. "
36. Some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same.
37. Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results.
38. To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow workers when startingtheir computers.
39. The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.
40. There is reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.
41. Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.
42. When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting.
43. Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.
44. The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences.
45. It is necessary to use terms other than "gamification" for some professions.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keepyounger faculty members from going elsewhere.
It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to "solve"problems--real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actualproblems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of peoplehired--not to teach but to hold meetings--has increased significantly. Every new problem creates anew job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, thecenter is a clearing house (信息交流中心) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses.Its an administrative sham (欺詐) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.
I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems--class attendance, educationalsuccess, student happiness and well-being--might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic ( 官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of ouradministrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actuallyknew each other.
The teachers must be free to teach in their own way--the curriculum should be flexible enough sothat they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should beallowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at andconsumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are notexclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent andpractice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that peopledo not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell thedifference between their best and worst teachers.
46. What does the author say about present-day universities?
A. They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.
B. They often fail to combine teaching with research.
C. They are over-burdened with admires" trative staff.
D. They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.
47. According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?
A. Good classroom teachers.
B. Efficient administrators.
C. Talented researchers.
D. Motivated students.
48. What does the author imply about the classes at present?
A. They facilitate students independent learning.
B. They help students form closer relationships.
C. They have more older students than before.
D. They are much bigger than is desirable.
49. What does the author think of teaching ability?
A. It requires talent and practice.
B. It is closely related to research.
C. It is a chief factor affecting students learning.
D. It can be acquired through persistent practice.
50. What is the authors suggestion for improving university teaching?
A. Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.
B. Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.
C. Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.
D. Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago--byMcDonalds. According to a new study from Cornell Universitys Food and Brand Lab, small non-foodrewards--like the toys in McDonalds Happy Meals--stimulate the same reward centers in the brain asfood does.
The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people wouldchoose a smaller meal ff it was paired with a non-food item.
They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a haft-sized portion when combinedwith a prize. Both options were priced the same.
Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose thesmaller portion. One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket ( 彩票), with a $10, $ 50 or $100 payout,and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less.
"The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a
relatively small monetary award is interesting," says Reimann.
He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective.In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard oddsincluded.
"One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking thancertrainty Reimann." The of added attraction andawards,"saysuncertainty winningprovidesdesirability through emotional thrills. The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state ofhope--a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding. " In other words, theres a reason why peoplelike to gamble.
How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?
One possibility is a healthy option that offers the chance to win a spa (溫泉療養(yǎng)) weekend. Ormaybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a futuredate. That would get you back in the restaurant--and make you eat a little less.
51. What do we learn about McDonalds inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?
A. It may shed light on peoples desire to crack a secret.
B. It has proved to be key to McDonalds business success.
C. It appeals to kids curiosity to fred out what is hidden inside.
D. It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.
52. What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?
A. Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonalds more.
B. Most kids and adults dont actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.
C. Eating a smaller portion of food does good to the health of kids and adults alike.
D. Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.
53. What is most interesting in Martin Reimanns fmding?
A. Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.
B. Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.
C. Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.
D. Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.
54. How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?
A. The emotional component of the prizes is at work.
B. People now care more about quality than quantity.
C. People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.
D. The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.
55. What can we infer from Martin Reimanns finding?
A. People should eat much less if they wish to stay healthy and happy.
B. More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonalds example.
C. We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.
D. More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.
Part IV
Translation
( 30 minutes )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
在中國(guó)文化中，紅色通常象征著好運(yùn)、長(zhǎng)壽和幸福。在春節(jié)和其他喜慶場(chǎng)合，紅色到處可見(jiàn)。人們把現(xiàn)金作為禮物送給家人或親密朋友時(shí)，通常放在紅信封里。紅色在中國(guó)流行的另一個(gè)原因是人們把它與中國(guó)革命和共產(chǎn)黨相聯(lián)系。然而，紅色并不總是代表好運(yùn)和快樂(lè)。因?yàn)閺那八勒叩拿殖Ｓ眉t色書寫，用紅墨水書寫中國(guó)人民被看成是一種冒犯行為。
Part Ⅰ Writing
高分范文
Find a Job First
�、� College students options upon graduation vary fromperson to person. Some students choose to hunt for a job whileothers prefer to start their own business. ② As for me,I wouldrather find a job first.
�、跿he reasons for my decision are as follows. ④ For onething, it is much easier for me to find a job compared withstarting a business which demands fund, experience and themarket. As a green hand who has just graduated from a college,its totally beyond my ability to handle such a complex situation.⑤ For another, working for others could develop mypersonalities, such as perseverance, hardworking and stresstolerance ability, which can help me become more prepared andqualified if I would like to start up my own business.
To conclude, ⑥ chances always favor those who areprepared. And I dont think a person could really "build up fromnothing". ⑦ As a result, I will find a job first after graduation.
全文翻譯請(qǐng)看
Part II Listening Comprehension
News Report One
聽(tīng)力原文解析
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
預(yù)覽兩道題各選項(xiàng)，由dangerous，live in，strike，storm，forest fire和attack等詞可以推測(cè)，新聞內(nèi)容與某個(gè)危險(xiǎn)事件導(dǎo)致房屋不能居住有關(guān)。
1. Why did John Gordon move out of the Abergeldie Castle?
A。新聞中提到，城堡的主人約翰·戈登周日被迫搬離城堡，這是由于迪河的河水沖走了大約60英尺的土地，導(dǎo)致城堡離河太近，十分危險(xiǎn)。由此可知，約翰·戈登搬離城堡是因?yàn)榫幼≡谶@里會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)，故答案為A。
2. What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?
B。新聞中提到，自法蘭克風(fēng)暴于上周三襲擊蘇格蘭后，蘇格蘭環(huán)境保護(hù)署已經(jīng)發(fā)布了超過(guò)35次覆蓋多個(gè)地區(qū)的洪水警報(bào)。由此可知，上周三蘇格蘭受到了風(fēng)暴襲擊，故答案為B。
News Report Two
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
預(yù)覽兩道題各選項(xiàng)，由選項(xiàng)中的lost contact，trapped，underground elevator，calls for help，repair，supplies和miners等詞可以推測(cè)，新聞內(nèi)容與礦工受困和救援有關(guān)。
3. B。
4. C。
News Report Three
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由選項(xiàng)中的postage rates，services，delivery，post offices，Shortening，Closing，Stopping和mail等詞可以推測(cè)，新聞內(nèi)容與郵政現(xiàn)有的問(wèn)題以及為應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題所采取的措施有關(guān)。
5. D。
6. C。
7. A。
Conversation One
M: Mrs. Hampton, weve got trouble in the press room this morning.W: Oh dear, what about?
M: One of the press operators arrived an hour and a haft late.
W: (8) But thats a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. Thats why we have a clock insystem.
M: But the point is the man was clocked in at 8 oclock. We have John standing by the time clock, and heswears he saw nothing irregular.
W: (9-1) Is John reliable?
M: (9-2) Yes, he is. Thats why we chose him for the job.
W: Have you spoken to the man who was late?
M: Not yet. I thought Id have a word with you first. Hes a difficult man, and I think theres been sometrouble on the shop floor. Ive got a feeling that the trade union representative is behind this. The managertold me that Jack Greens been very active around the shop the last few days.
W: Well, what do you want me to do?
M: (10) I was wondering if youd see Smith--the man who was late--because you are so much better athandling things like this.
W: Oh, alright. Ill see him. I must say I agree with you about there being bad feelings in the workers. (11) Ivehad the idea for some time that Jack Greens been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wageclaim. Hes always trying to make trouble. Well, Ill get the manager to send Smith up here.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. D。
9. B。
10. D。
11. C。
Conversation Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
預(yù)覽四道題各選項(xiàng)，第12題各選項(xiàng)均為形容人性格的形容詞，考查對(duì)某人性格的描述;第13題各選項(xiàng)為對(duì)They這個(gè)群體的行為描述，考查這一群體在特定環(huán)境中的行為動(dòng)作;第14題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)主語(yǔ)均為She，且出現(xiàn)了foreigner和English castle，由此可以推測(cè)，對(duì)話內(nèi)容與英國(guó)或英國(guó)人相關(guān)，本題可能考查某位女士在英國(guó)所受到的待遇;第15題考查某類人的住房要求。
12. D。
13. A。
14. C。
15. B。
Section C
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由jobs，interviews，hiring和school careers service等詞可以推測(cè)，短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生找工作有關(guān)。
16. What does the speaker say about college students applying for on-campus jobs?
D。短文中提到，在學(xué)校內(nèi)有很多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，作為學(xué)生，你自然會(huì)有被雇用的優(yōu)先權(quán)。因此答案為D。
17. what can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker?
C。短文中提到，學(xué)生可以去向?qū)W校的就業(yè)服務(wù)中心或職業(yè)介紹所尋求幫助，找一份校園內(nèi)的工作。因此答案為C。
18. What does the speaker say is a library monitors responsibility?
B。短文中提到，如果你是一個(gè)正在找工作的大學(xué)生，但是擔(dān)心沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，你可以考慮擔(dān)任自習(xí)室或圖書館的監(jiān)管員，這類工作的主要職責(zé)就是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)空間進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，以確保維持一個(gè)安靜的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。因此答案為B。
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由grow，sold，price，green tea，tea drinkers，tea farmers和market等詞可以推測(cè)，短文內(nèi)容與茶葉的種植和售賣有關(guān)。
19. C。
20. A。
21. D。
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. B。
23. B。
24. A。
25. A。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
原文翻譯解析
選項(xiàng)歸類
名詞：
E.direction方向，趨勢(shì);
I.method方法;
L.shelters收容所，遮蔽;
N.sufferings受難，痛苦
動(dòng)詞：
B.creates創(chuàng)建;
D.determine判決，決定;
F.hesitate猶豫，不愿;
H.inspired激發(fā)，鼓舞;
M.strengthen強(qiáng)化，增強(qiáng);
0.tortured折磨，使痛苦
形容詞：
A.convenient方便的;
G.inadequate不足的，不充分的;
J.minimal微小的，極少的副詞：
C.critically特別地，關(guān)鍵地;
K.rarely很少地，難得
詳解詳析
26.K.rarely。
27.O.tortured。
28.J.minimal。
29.D.determine。
30.G.inadequate。
31.B.creates。
32.E)direction。
33.M.strengthen。
34.L.shelters。
35.C.critically。
Section B
原文翻譯解析
詳解詳析
36. C。
37. J。
38.G。
39. D。
40. K。
41. E
42. B。
43. H。
44. F。
45. I。
Section C
Passage 0ne
46.C。
47.A。
48.D。
49.A。
50.B。
Passage Two
(51)吃得少，還能讓人感到快樂(lè)的奧秘或許早在幾年前就被麥當(dāng)勞破解了。根據(jù)康奈爾大學(xué)食品與品牌實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一項(xiàng)最新研究，小份的非食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，例如麥當(dāng)勞歡樂(lè)套餐中的玩具，可以和食物一樣刺激大腦中的獎(jiǎng)賞中樞。
由馬丁·萊曼領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員進(jìn)行了一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)，想要弄清楚人們是否愿意選擇配有非食物類小東西的小份食物。
(52)他們發(fā)現(xiàn),絕大多數(shù)的孩子和成年人都選擇帶獎(jiǎng)品但減半了的食物。而兩種選擇的價(jià)格是相同的。
(53)更為有趣的是，一個(gè)對(duì)未來(lái)獎(jiǎng)品的承諾足以使成年人選擇小份食品。其中可以使用的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)之一是彩票，獎(jiǎng)金10、50到100美金不等。在勸說(shuō)人們少吃點(diǎn)這一問(wèn)題上，這和那些實(shí)實(shí)在在的禮物一樣有效。
“參與者們?cè)敢庥毛@得相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)較少金錢獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的可能性來(lái)替換掉一部分食物，這一事實(shí)也是非常有趣的，”萊曼說(shuō)。
(54)他認(rèn)為從理論上來(lái)講，這些無(wú)形獎(jiǎng)品中的感情成分使得它們起了作用。事實(shí)上，描述不清晰的得獎(jiǎng)的可能性比那些有著明確的得獎(jiǎng)概率的選擇更有效果。
“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的解釋之一就是不確定的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)要比確定的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)在情感上更能激起人們的欲望�！比R曼說(shuō)�！暗锚�(jiǎng)的不確定性通過(guò)在情感上讓人‘興奮’從而為人們提供了額外的吸引力和誘惑力。收到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的可能性同時(shí)帶來(lái)了
一種希望，這種狀態(tài)本身就能讓人獲得心理上的回報(bào)�！睋Q言之，這就是人們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g賭博的原因。如何運(yùn)用這一知識(shí)來(lái)幫助人們吃得更健康呢?
一種辦法就是給人們提供一個(gè)可以獲得周末溫泉療養(yǎng)機(jī)會(huì)的健康選擇�；蛘邽檫x擇一份減半了的食物設(shè)立半份甜點(diǎn)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，該甜點(diǎn)只能在未來(lái)的某個(gè)日期享用。(55)這樣你就又會(huì)回到這個(gè)餐館——并且這樣你又可以少吃一點(diǎn)。
詳解詳析
51.D。
52.D。
53.B。
54.A。
55.C。
PartⅣTranslation
The color of red in Chinese culture usually symbolizes good luck, longevity and happiness. Red can befound everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and on other joyous occasions. Cash is often put in redenvelopes and sent to family members or close friends as a gift. Its popularity in China can also be attributed tothe fact that people associate it with the Chinese Revolution and Communist Party. However, red does notsignify good luck and joy all the time in that the name of the dead used to be written in red. Thus it is regardedas an offense to write the names of Chinese people in red ink.
閱讀原文
President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the Presidents party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.
1. The focus of the Presidents program is on
[A] investment.
[B] economy.
[C] technology.
[D] tax.
2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A] They want a more direct action.
[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C] They want to rebuild industry.
[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3. What is the editors attitude?
[A] support.
[B] distaste.
[C] Disapproval.
[D] Compromise.
4. The danger to the plan lies in
[A] the two parties objection.
[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C] its passage.
[D] distortion.
5. The passage is
[A] a review.
[B] a preface.
[C] a advertisement.
[D] an editorial.
Vocabulary
1. reverse 逆轉(zhuǎn)
2. slide 滑坡
3. plague 瘟疫;折磨，困擾
4. tariff 關(guān)稅
5. decry 譴責(zé)，詆毀
6. lever 杠桿;用杠桿撬動(dòng)
7. crux 癥結(jié)
8. ideologue 空想家，思想家
9. intact 原封不動(dòng)的，完整無(wú)損的
10. investment credit 投資信貸
11. research grant 研究基金
難句譯注
1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
【參考譯文】這對(duì)扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡;滑到失業(yè)高，增長(zhǎng)少和已經(jīng)困擾經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)6年之久貿(mào)易赤字來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一則有關(guān)總統(tǒng)向國(guó)會(huì)提交的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃評(píng)論。作者采用對(duì)比手法來(lái)突出其計(jì)劃之正確性，第一段就講了計(jì)劃的涉及面：投資、研究、教育、稅收等，目的是制止經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡，提高美國(guó)工業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
第二、三兩段敘述了計(jì)劃遭兩方面的反對(duì)，總統(tǒng)黨內(nèi)的右翼要求更強(qiáng)硬，更直接的行動(dòng)，而共和黨對(duì)即使逐漸稍稍提高一點(diǎn)稅收都予以譴責(zé)。
第四段提出兩者都忽略我們面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的獨(dú)特性質(zhì)。它不是市場(chǎng)或財(cái)政問(wèn)題。掌握新技術(shù)的人大量增產(chǎn)，而不能采用新技術(shù)的人面臨在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中成為二等公民的危險(xiǎn)。工業(yè)不能達(dá)到先進(jìn)水平，就不能有效地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，那么任何保護(hù)主義或進(jìn)入外國(guó)市場(chǎng)都不能長(zhǎng)期奏效。沒(méi)有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和利潤(rùn)的再投資，工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)只能依然落后于外國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
最后一段點(diǎn)出總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃的要點(diǎn)就是工藝技術(shù)。作者提出：要求全面通過(guò)這一重新建設(shè)計(jì)劃。如果我們不能重建經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們可能不會(huì)有第二次機(jī)會(huì)。
答案詳解
1. C 工藝技術(shù)。最后一段第一句“問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)就在于工藝技術(shù)，這就是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃的要點(diǎn)所在�！钡谒亩危骸皩�(duì)掌握新技術(shù)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，新技術(shù)使他們大大增產(chǎn)，而新技術(shù)對(duì)不能掌握它的人來(lái)說(shuō)，在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險(xiǎn)。如果不能做到這一點(diǎn)，那么任何政府保護(hù)主義，進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)都不能有效地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。如果不能有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)的利潤(rùn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)再投資，工業(yè)只能進(jìn)一步落后于國(guó)外競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手�！边@些都說(shuō)明總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃的重點(diǎn)再工藝技術(shù)。A.投資。D.稅收。只是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃的涉及面。B.經(jīng)濟(jì)。太籠統(tǒng)了。
2. A 更直接行動(dòng)。第二段“總統(tǒng)的黨內(nèi)幾段自由翼要求更強(qiáng)硬、更直接行動(dòng)。他們要求用收入(稅收)政策來(lái)制止通貨膨脹;聯(lián)邦財(cái)政在關(guān)稅保護(hù)下，幫助重建工業(yè)。”B.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業(yè)。D.保護(hù)關(guān)稅墻。都只是他們要求中的不分內(nèi)容，不完整。
3. A支持。第四、五段集中了評(píng)論者的觀點(diǎn)，支持的理由和論點(diǎn)。B.厭惡。C.不贊成。D.調(diào)和妥協(xié)。
4. D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危險(xiǎn)不在于計(jì)劃將不被通過(guò)，而在于左和右的思想理論家們用修正案來(lái)歪曲提案，使計(jì)劃要點(diǎn)蒙塵模糊不清，經(jīng)濟(jì)重建計(jì)劃應(yīng)原封不動(dòng)地通過(guò)�！边@是作者的態(tài)度，也是他所擔(dān)心之處。A.兩黨的反對(duì)。B.兩黨對(duì)計(jì)劃的不同看法。C.它的通過(guò)。
5. D 社論。A.評(píng)論。社論也是評(píng)論的一種，但它是報(bào)紙主編所撰，常常是有關(guān)國(guó)內(nèi)外大事評(píng)論。B.前言。C.廣告。
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