- 高考全國(guó)II卷英語真題及答案(正式版解析) 推薦度：
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2024年全國(guó)II卷高考英語真題及答案
在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中，我們很多時(shí)候都會(huì)有考試，接觸到試題，借助試題可以更好地考查參試者所掌握的知識(shí)和技能。你知道什么樣的試題才是好試題嗎？下面是小編幫大家整理的2024年全國(guó)II卷高考英語真題及答案，歡迎大家分享。
第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What will Jack probably do this weekend?
A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film.
2. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Take care of her bags.
B. Pack the food for her.
C. Check the train schedule.
3. When will the man see Bob?
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday.
4. Why does the man apologize?
A. For the terrible food.
B. For the overcharge.
C. For the waiter’s rudeness.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Writing a book.
B. Holding a celebration.
C. Buying a present.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. Why does Sara make the phone call?
A. To ask for advice.
B. To arrange an outing.
C. To cancel an appointment.
7. What does David want to do?
A. Go to a dinner party.
B. Talk to Sara in person.
C. Work on the new case.
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8. Where is Jim now?
A. In a taxi. B. On a bus. C. In his office.
9. What is the woman’s suggestion?
A. Going to the city center.
B. Taking a short cut home.
C. Meeting Jim in the park.
聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。
10. What did Clara do at the weekend?
A. She planted vegetables.
B. She went to a yard sale.
C. She visited her grandpa.
11. What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought?
A. A plane ticket. B. A family photo. C. A post card.
12. Where does Mark live?
A. Los Angeles. B. Chicago. C. Philadelphia.
13. What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley?
A. Brother and sister.
B. Husband and wife.
C. Father and daughter.
聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。
14. What is probably the woman?
A. A teacher. B. A journalist. C. An athlete.
15. What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team?
A. Adapting himself to the intense training.
B. Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C. Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16. What does Victor say about the players on the team?
A. They are of the same age.
B. They are similar in character.
C. They are from different countries.
17. How does Victor feel about his team now?
A. It’s about to break up.
B. It’s the best in Indiana.
C. It’s getting stronger.
聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。
18. Who is Tom Hokinson?
A. Founder of a magazine.
B. Publisher of a novel.
C. Editor of a newspaper.
19. What do we know about the content ofThe Idler?
A. It’s old-fashioned. B. It’s wide-ranging. C. It’s student-targeted.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk?
A. To do a promotion.
B. To discuss an issue.
C. To introduce a lecturer.
第一部分聽力
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C
6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A
16. C 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. A
聽力原文
【Text 1】W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend?
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll go.
W: The weatherman says it’s going to rain.
M: In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.
【Text 2】W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment? I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
【Text 3】W: Bob came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him?
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then?
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
【Text 4】M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don’t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
【Text 5】W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the new year?
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
【Text 6】M: Hello, Sara.
W: Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.
M: Oh, what happened?
W: We’ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M: Well, then I’ll come to you.
W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M: Sara, please. We need to talk. It’s about my job.
W: Then tell me on the phone.
M: No, it’s better if we do it in person. How about tomorrow night?
W: I’m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M: OK.
【Text 7】W: Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now?
M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M: Are you sure?
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
【Text 8】W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend?
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you?
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels?
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it?
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
【Text 9】W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling?
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indianan basketball player?
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group?
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
【Text10】W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities? Do you want to live a full and happy life? Today,I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living.The Idlerwas launched by Tom Hokinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly.In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping.If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it?The Idleris a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21. What is an advantage of MacBike?
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?
A. 15.75. B. 19.50. C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進(jìn)行自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟僮鞣绞�，價(jià)格等。
21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (剎車), bikes with hand brake and gears (排擋), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車)”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選B。a wide variety是本題關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，側(cè)面考查對(duì)variety這個(gè)詞匯的準(zhǔn)確理解。
22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價(jià)表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C。Each additional day是本題關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，側(cè)面考查對(duì)additional這個(gè)詞匯的準(zhǔn)確理解和邏輯思維能力。
23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始)”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場(chǎng)開始。故選D。departs是本題關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，側(cè)面考查對(duì)這個(gè)詞匯的準(zhǔn)確理解。
譯文
單車租賃和旅游向?qū)?/p>
歡迎來到阿姆斯特丹，歡迎來到MacBike。坐在自行車座椅上去旅游吧！騎自行車是探索這個(gè)城市最經(jīng)濟(jì)、可持續(xù)和有趣的方式，它擁有美麗的運(yùn)河、公園、廣場(chǎng)和無數(shù)的燈光。您還可以在阿姆斯特丹之外的美麗風(fēng)景線上騎車。
為什么選擇MacBike
MacBike已經(jīng)存在了近30年，是阿姆斯特丹最大的自行車租賃公司。我們的五個(gè)出租點(diǎn)位置優(yōu)越，存放著超過2500輛自行車，確保有自行車供您隨時(shí)借用。我們提供各種最新款式的自行車，包括基本型腳剎自行車、手剎和變速箱自行車、兒童用車和兒童自行車。
城市觀光導(dǎo)游
總時(shí)長(zhǎng)兩個(gè)半小時(shí)的行程包含景點(diǎn)古耶風(fēng)車、廋橋、荷蘭國(guó)家博物館、喜力博物館等等。每小時(shí)整點(diǎn)從多姆廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午一點(diǎn)開始。你可以在任意一個(gè)Micbike店購(gòu)票，也可以網(wǎng)上訂票。
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細(xì)菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
27. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了John Todd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。
24.段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段可知，當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂，以及第二段可知，在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)。所以，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。這兩段中的動(dòng)詞explore，observe，wonder，ask questions是本題關(guān)鍵信息，考查迅速捕捉關(guān)鍵信息的能力和提煉大意能力。
25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.此句承上啟下，總結(jié)和解釋了后文行為，是本題的關(guān)鍵信息。結(jié)合第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去)”以及第四段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可以明確得知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。選項(xiàng)D中eco-machine是關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，注意區(qū)別選項(xiàng)B。
26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可知，本段講述了他開發(fā)的eco-machine的實(shí)際應(yīng)用的兩個(gè)例子，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。本題考查邏輯思維能力。
27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。此句也是總結(jié)全文的點(diǎn)睛之處。
譯文
當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的溪流在流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。當(dāng)他長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂。
在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)。他想，如果動(dòng)物和植物的正確結(jié)合，也許他可以像大自然一樣清理垃圾。他決定建造一臺(tái)他后來稱之為環(huán)保機(jī)器的東西。
約翰為自己設(shè)定的任務(wù)是清除一些污泥中的有害物質(zhì). 首先，他建造了一系列相互連接的透明玻璃鋼儲(chǔ)罐。然后，他來到當(dāng)?shù)氐某靥梁拖�，帶回了一些植物和�?dòng)物。他把它們放在儲(chǔ)罐里等待。漸漸地，這些不同種類的生命相互適應(yīng)，形成了自己的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。幾周后，約翰又放入了一些污泥。
他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水
這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水。
“生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)”是約翰給他的工作起的名字�！暗厍蛏系纳鼘�(duì)于發(fā)明者來說就像備件，”他說，”就是你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式。”
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digitaldeclutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培養(yǎng)) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (獨(dú)處) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué))”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。make the case for意思是“”“為……提供理由；為了……”準(zhǔn)確理解這個(gè)詞是本題的關(guān)鍵。
29.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在30天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會(huì)給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動(dòng))”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對(duì)在線活動(dòng)進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A。step away from是本題的關(guān)鍵信息。
30.推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。故選C。draw on意思是“利用，憑借”，這個(gè)詞的正確理解有助于快速準(zhǔn)確確定本題的答案。
31.推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式)”可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。故選A。Use them as needed意思是“需要的時(shí)候使用他們”。
譯文
這本書的目的是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義提供充分的理由，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后教你如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，如何采用這種哲學(xué)。
為此，我把這本書分成兩部分。在第一部分中，我描述了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，首先是對(duì)使許多人的數(shù)字生活越來越難以忍受的力量的研究，然后是對(duì)數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義哲學(xué)的詳細(xì)討論。
第一部分最后介紹了我提出的采用這種哲學(xué)的方法：數(shù)字清理。這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。在三十天結(jié)束時(shí)，你會(huì)添加少量精心選擇的在線活動(dòng)，你相信這些活動(dòng)會(huì)為你所看重的東西帶來巨大的好處。
在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理。你將聽到這些參與者的故事，了解哪些策略對(duì)他們有效，以及他們遇到了什么陷阱，你應(yīng)該避免。
本書的第二部分詳細(xì)介紹了一些幫助你培養(yǎng)可持續(xù)數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式的想法。在這些章節(jié)中，我研究了獨(dú)處的重要性以及培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量休閑的必要性等問題，以取代現(xiàn)在主要花在盲目使用設(shè)備上的時(shí)間。每一章都以一系列實(shí)踐作為結(jié)尾，這些實(shí)踐旨在幫助您根據(jù)本章的重大思想采取行動(dòng)。你可以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在盡力幫助你建立一種適合你特定情況的極簡(jiǎn)主義生活方式。
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (轉(zhuǎn)折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation.
B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors.
D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
________.
A. the crowds were relatively small
B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate
D. estimates were not fully independent
34. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups.
B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process.
D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。
32.段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。
33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals可知，人們?cè)跊]有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。本題需要有清晰的邏輯思維能力，第三段開頭的but，說明兩個(gè)人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相反。題干中的increase呼應(yīng)more accurate。
34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds?”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過程。故選C。
35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。
譯文
1907年3月7日，英國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家弗朗西斯·加爾頓發(fā)表了一篇論文，闡述了所謂的“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。他進(jìn)行的估計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某些情況下，大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確。
這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降。
但JoaquinNavajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的一項(xiàng)新研究對(duì)這一經(jīng)典現(xiàn)象提供了一個(gè)有趣的扭轉(zhuǎn)，這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為更小的小組，允許他們進(jìn)行討論，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從由五個(gè)人組成的四個(gè)討論組獲得的平均估值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。
在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估計(jì)最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎？這種情況有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生，但并不是主要的反應(yīng)。最常見的情況是，這些小組報(bào)告說，他們“共同論證和推理”。不知何故，這些論證和推理導(dǎo)致了錯(cuò)誤的整體減少。盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯錯(cuò)) is human.36You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.”37Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.38
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.39
That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陳詞濫調(diào)) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.40We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. F 39. C 40. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵(lì)人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單寫作練習(xí)來增強(qiáng)自信。通過列出個(gè)人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和善良的行為，人們可以學(xué)會(huì)原諒自己的錯(cuò)誤，并從中成長(zhǎng)。
36.根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯錯(cuò)) is human.”可知，作者認(rèn)為人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過于自責(zé)。結(jié)合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.”中的“do this”可推斷，選項(xiàng)D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (寬恕自己也同樣重要)”，起承上啟下的作用。指代詞this很關(guān)鍵，代指不定式to show yourself some forgiveness。另外，Taking responsibility for mistakes isas important asshowing yourself some forgiveness.故選D。
37.根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”以及空后內(nèi)容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.可知，空處指的是列出一些你個(gè)性中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn))”符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B。
38.本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項(xiàng)F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起來有多小，都要把它寫下來)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來。故選F。
39.C項(xiàng)中的“they”指代 空前的“a friend or family member”，同時(shí)選項(xiàng)C和
空后內(nèi)容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.”相吻合。
40.G項(xiàng)中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后內(nèi)容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.”保持一致， 尤其是isn’t fixed這個(gè)詞和后面的changing吻合。故選G。
譯文
為錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責(zé)。人孰能無過。寬恕自己也同樣重要。
你可以使用下面的寫作練習(xí)來幫助你做到這一點(diǎn)。
在一本日記或一張紙上，寫上“個(gè)人優(yōu)點(diǎn)”的標(biāo)題�，F(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn)：關(guān)心他人嗎？有創(chuàng)造性嗎？慷慨大方嗎？是一個(gè)好的傾聽者嗎？和你在一起很有趣嗎？它們不必是改變世界的，只是你引以為豪的一個(gè)方面的個(gè)性。
在第二頁的頂部，寫上“善舉”的標(biāo)題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情。它可能是當(dāng)你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)你沒有被要求卻主動(dòng)熨衣服的時(shí)候，或者當(dāng)你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時(shí)候，不管是什么，不管它看起來有多小，都要把它寫下來。
你可以讓朋友或家人幫你增加你的列表內(nèi)容，他們可能喜歡嘗試做這種事情。這樣，你們就可以交換意見，談?wù)勈鞘裁醋屇銈兠總�(gè)人都與眾不同，以及你們個(gè)性中閃光的方面。事實(shí)上，不要等到你犯了錯(cuò)誤才去嘗試這個(gè)——這是一個(gè)在任何時(shí)候都能增強(qiáng)自信的好方法。
大多數(shù)人不是從他們的成功中學(xué)習(xí)，而是從他們的錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，這是陳詞濫調(diào)。但事實(shí)是，這是真的。不管你犯了什么錯(cuò)誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面，我們一直在改變和學(xué)習(xí)，錯(cuò)誤是一種積極的發(fā)展和成長(zhǎng)的方式。
第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have41the course earlier than she did. Her42came because she was carrying a43across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her44when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She45to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with46. She couldn’t. Bailey then47to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get48attention.
Once there, Lenoue was49and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme50to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more51about why her act is considered a big52. “She was just crying. I couldn’t53her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the54, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the55of human kindness won the day.
41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
44. A. race B. school C. town D. training
45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在明尼蘇達(dá)州舉行的一次越野賽中，Melanie Bailey背著另一個(gè)參賽者Danielle Lenoue過終點(diǎn)線并接受醫(yī)療檢查的善行義舉。
41.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽。A. designed設(shè)計(jì)；B. followed跟隨；C. changed改變；D. finished完成。根據(jù)下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比賽中背一名參賽者，所以完成比賽晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽”。故選D。
42.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手沖過終點(diǎn)線。A. delay延誤；B. chance機(jī)會(huì)；C. trouble麻煩；D. excuse借口。根據(jù)上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一題的解析可知，Melanie Bailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽，她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手沖過終點(diǎn)線。故選A。
43.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻麉①愓邲_過終點(diǎn)線。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同學(xué)；D. competitor參賽者。根據(jù)第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背著一名參賽者沖過終點(diǎn)線。故選D。
44.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉?bào)紙報(bào)道，當(dāng)Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時(shí)候，她前面的一名選手開始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比賽；B. school學(xué)校；C. town城鎮(zhèn)；D. training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此處是說“當(dāng)Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時(shí)候”。故選A。
45.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她停下來幫助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回來；C. stopped停止；D. promised答應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下來幫助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故選C。
46.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Bailey扶著她的胳膊，看看她能否幫助下向前走。A. courage勇氣；B. aid幫助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建議。根據(jù)上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此處表示看她是否能在她的幫助下向前走。故選B。
47.考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A. went away離開；B. stood up站起來；C. stepped aside讓路；D. bent down彎腰。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)et Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey彎下腰，讓勒諾爬到她的背上。故選D。
48.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A. medical醫(yī)療的；B. public公眾的；C. constant持續(xù)不斷的；D. equal平等的。根據(jù)上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治療，medical attention意為“醫(yī)療救助”。故選A。
49.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了檢查，后來被送往醫(yī)院，在那里她得知自己的一個(gè)膝蓋受了重傷。A. interrupted打斷；B. assessed評(píng)估；C. identified識(shí)別；D. appreciated感激。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ater taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了檢查，再被送往醫(yī)院，也就是先接受評(píng)估。故選B。
50.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會(huì)在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達(dá)那個(gè)援助檢查站。A. hunger饑餓；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲勞。根據(jù)第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此處表示“如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會(huì)在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達(dá)那個(gè)援助檢查站”。故選B。
51．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事。A. worried擔(dān)心的；B. ashamed慚愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄氣的。根據(jù)下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對(duì)她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事感到困惑。故選C。
52.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事。A. game游戲；B. problem問題；C. lesson課；D. deal交易，局面。根據(jù)下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對(duì)她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意為“非常重要的事”。故選D。
53.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能離開她。A. leave離開；B. cure治愈；C. bother打擾；D. understand理解。根據(jù)上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺�？芍珺ailey看見Lenoue哭喊，所以覺得不能離開她。故選A。
54.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然這兩個(gè)年輕女子在那場(chǎng)體育比賽之前是陌生人，但后來她們成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test測(cè)試；C. meet體育比賽；D. show展示。根據(jù)第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)是一場(chǎng)比賽，句子表示“這兩個(gè)年輕女子在那場(chǎng)體育比賽之前是陌生人”。故選C。
55.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人都沒有贏得比賽，但展示出的人類善良贏得了勝利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交換。根據(jù)第二段的“l(fā)et Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背著一個(gè)參賽者過終點(diǎn)，并背她去接受檢查，這展示了人類的善良。故選B。
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,56(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether57(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)，58to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the59(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed60hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them61(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of62(they) contents. The meat should be fresh with63touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is64(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left65(want) more next time.
【答案】56.tasty
57.to bite
58.or59.recognized
60.by61.to be lifted
62.their63.a
64.rarely65.wanting
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)美食——小籠包，講述了小籠包美味，發(fā)源地以及制作方法等等。
56.考查形容詞。句意：小籠包(湯包)，那些精致的餃子皮，包裹著熱騰騰的美味湯和甜甜的鮮肉，是我最喜歡的中國(guó)街頭小吃。形容詞需修飾后面的名詞soup(湯)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定語，故填tasty。
57.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：吃小籠包的時(shí)候，你必須要決定是先咬一個(gè)小口流出湯汁，還是把整個(gè)小籠包放進(jìn)嘴里，讓熱湯在舌頭上爆炸。decide to do sth.“決定做某事”，用不定式作賓語，空處與后面to put并列作賓語，故填to bite。
58.考查連詞。句意：吃小籠包的時(shí)候，你必須要決定是先咬一個(gè)小口流出湯汁，還是把整個(gè)小籠包放進(jìn)嘴里，讓熱湯在舌頭上爆炸。whether...or...“是……還是……”，固定搭配，根據(jù)句意，故填or。
59.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：上�？赡苁枪J(rèn)的小籠包之鄉(xiāng)，但美食歷史學(xué)家會(huì)告訴你，鄰近的運(yùn)河小鎮(zhèn)南翔才是小籠包的發(fā)源地�？崭裨诿~home前面作定語，recognize與home是邏輯上動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，需填過去分詞recognized作定語，recognized“被公認(rèn)的”也可以看作是形容詞作定語，故填recognized。
60.考查介詞。句意：在那里，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的制作方式不同——更多湯包，更少的湯，包子皮是用手壓的，而不是搟出來的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根據(jù)句意，故填by。
61.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：除了南翔，最好的小籠包有一個(gè)精致的，可以讓它們從蒸籠籃中拿出來，而不會(huì)撕裂或溢出里面的東西。根據(jù)搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允許某人做某事”可知，空格需用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)足語lift out與賓語them（指代小籠包）是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空格需填動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。
62.考查代詞。句意：除了南翔，最好的小籠包有一個(gè)精致的外皮，可以讓它們從蒸籠籃中拿出來，而不會(huì)撕裂或溢出里面的東西。修飾后面的名詞contents(東西)需用形容詞性物主代詞their，故填their。
63.考查冠詞。句意：肉應(yīng)該是新鮮的，有一點(diǎn)甜味，湯應(yīng)該是熱的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)；稍許”，常用搭配，touch“輕微；稍許”常用作單數(shù)，故填a。
64.考查副詞。句意：無論我在哪里買，一蒸籠都不夠，而兩蒸籠又顯得太貪心了，所以我總是想下次再買。修飾形容詞用副詞作狀語，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
65.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：無論我在哪里買，一蒸籠都不夠，而兩蒸籠又顯得太貪心了，所以我總是想下次再買。分析句子可知，此處考查“l(fā)eave sb.+賓語補(bǔ)足語”，本句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，want是主語補(bǔ)足語，根據(jù)句意，I與want之間是主動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞wanting，故填wanting。
第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
假定你是李華，外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習(xí)口語，你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問題。請(qǐng)你給外教寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1.說明問題；
2.提出建議。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇是應(yīng)用文寫作，要求考生給外教寫一封郵件，告訴他將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練習(xí)口語，你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問題。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
首先：to begin with → first of all
提高：improve → progress
建議：suggestion → advice
選擇：choose → select
2.句式拓展
簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句
原句：My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
拓展句：My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve.（運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）
[高分句型2]
Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.（運(yùn)用了省略句和who引導(dǎo)定語從句）
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest, I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of theTitanicby acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (銀匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny, and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care.
注意：
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；
2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.
【答案】A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much!”
I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing.” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works.” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者上中學(xué)的時(shí)候，社會(huì)學(xué)老師邀請(qǐng)作者參加一個(gè)寫作比賽。作者不喜歡寫作，于是想都沒想就拒絕了。但是在老師的鼓勵(lì)下，作者同意試一試。作者在寫作過程中雖然很累，但是沒有放棄，堅(jiān)持下來了。在作者最終完成寫作時(shí)，作者感到寫作讓他很快樂，他已經(jīng)不在乎輸贏了。
【詳解】
1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“幾個(gè)星期后，當(dāng)我?guī)缀跬洷荣惖臅r(shí)候，傳來了消息�！焙偷诙问拙洹邦C獎(jiǎng)后我去了老師的辦公室�！笨芍�，第一段可描寫作者獲得比賽一等獎(jiǎng)，在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上作者表達(dá)了對(duì)社會(huì)老師的感激。
�、谟傻诙问拙鋬�(nèi)容“頒獎(jiǎng)后我去了老師的辦公室�！笨芍�，第二段可描寫老師鼓勵(lì)作者繼續(xù)寫作，自此作者堅(jiān)持寫作取得了成功，作者將這一切歸功于自己的老師。
2.續(xù)寫線索：
比賽消息傳來——作者獲獎(jiǎng)——高興——頒獎(jiǎng)典禮感謝老師——頒獎(jiǎng)后來到老師辦公室——老師告訴作者堅(jiān)持寫作——作者表達(dá)了對(duì)寫作的喜愛——作者寫作取得了成功——感激老師
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①告知：inform/tell
�、诔晒ψ龅剑簃ake it/succeed
�、郾磉_(dá)：express/convey
情緒類
①高興的：happy/glad
�、诩�(dòng)地：excitedly/with excitement
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1] I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days.（運(yùn)用了由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）
[高分句型2] It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.（運(yùn)用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
[高分句型3] I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.（運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句）
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