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高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中“否定”的考查方式(附例題)

時(shí)間:2020-08-07 13:08:46 試題 我要投稿

2017高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中“否定”的考查方式(附例題)

  高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中有哪些常見的“否定”考查方式,每一種方式都如何應(yīng)對(duì)?下面百分網(wǎng)小編帶大家一起來(lái)看看詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!想了解更多相關(guān)信息請(qǐng)持續(xù)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!

2017高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中“否定”的考查方式(附例題)

  閱讀理解中常見的“否定”考查方式:

 、傩稳菰~和副詞,比如little,few,never,hardly,seldom等

 、趧(dòng)詞,比如stop,avoid, fail等

 、劢樵~,比如instead of, rather than,too…to…, from,without等

  例題1 2016年北京卷C篇

  65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _____.

  A. makes condors too nervous to fly

  B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys

  C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood

  D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds

  【第五段】Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(腎) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5. 4% in 2011.

  這道題前3個(gè)選項(xiàng)都涉及到“否定”的含義,比如A項(xiàng)中too..to…,B項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ittle,C項(xiàng)中hardly。A項(xiàng)意義“使禿鷲太緊張而無(wú)法飛行”,B項(xiàng)意義“對(duì)禿鷲的腎幾乎沒(méi)有影響”,C項(xiàng)意義“幾乎不能從禿鷲的血液中清除掉”,D項(xiàng)意義“對(duì)禿鷲繁殖產(chǎn)生影響”。按照優(yōu)能一對(duì)一課堂上,我們所講的細(xì)節(jié)題的解題方法可知,先找出關(guān)鍵詞,然后回原位定位,進(jìn)行信息比較。原文中nervous所在的位置,提到nervous system,A項(xiàng)與之無(wú)關(guān),排除。原文中kidney所在的位置,提到kidney failure,即腎衰,也就是鉛中毒會(huì)引起腎衰,B項(xiàng)相反,排除。原文blood所在的位置,提到remove lead from blood,即從血液中清除,C項(xiàng)相反,排除。原文baby birds所在的位置,提到This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,即這(鉛中毒)影響他們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和繁殖能力,所以與D項(xiàng)含義相同,D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

  例題2 2015年北京卷C篇

  65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to _____.

  A. change the direction of light travel

  B. gather materials to scatter light.

  C. avoid the absorption of light

  D. grow bigger to stop light.

  【第五段】To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.

  根據(jù)題干中的“to become transparent”作為關(guān)鍵信息詞,定位至第五段中的首句,To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light。 在這句話中出現(xiàn)了keep…from這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),表示阻止……去做某事,或者使……不去做某事。因此這句話含義為為了變成透明的,一個(gè)動(dòng)物需要阻止它的身體吸收或者散射光線。選項(xiàng)C中avoid the absorption of light,意思是避免吸收光線,也就是不去吸收光線的意思。C項(xiàng)與原文含義相同,是正確答案。

  例題3 2014年北京卷C篇

  65. According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?

  A. “I’ll give up desert.”

  B. “I’ll study harder.”

  C. “I’ll cut down my expense”

  D. “I’ll spend more time with my family”

  【A項(xiàng)原文】Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.”

  【B項(xiàng)原文】Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.”

  【C項(xiàng)原文】If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example.

  【D項(xiàng)原文】Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.

  A項(xiàng)原文中含有instead of表示否定,意義是不是決心減肥,而是嘗試一種可行的決定“我不再以甜食作為午餐”或者“每天走20分鐘”,可知A項(xiàng)被評(píng)價(jià)為可行的',所以是正確答案。

  B項(xiàng)原文中含有aside from表示除了,意義是弗萊爾的結(jié)論是對(duì)于輸入的激勵(lì)更加有效,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生不知道如何考出考成績(jī),除了泛泛的規(guī)則“努力學(xué)習(xí)”,可知B想被評(píng)價(jià)為泛泛的,所以錯(cuò)誤。

  C項(xiàng)原文中含有instead of表示否定,意義是如果你想減少開支,好的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是在家煮咖啡而不是去咖啡館,可知C項(xiàng)不是好目標(biāo),所以錯(cuò)誤。

  D項(xiàng)原文中含有don’t 表示否定,意義是相似的,如果你想花更多時(shí)間陪伴家人,不要止于這個(gè)大概的想法?紤]一個(gè)可行的你可以采用并且堅(jiān)持的習(xí)慣,比如每周三晚上家庭電影。可知D項(xiàng)是個(gè)大概的想法,所以錯(cuò)誤。

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