2017公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)文章

　　如何備考公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)?我想閱讀理解肯定是避免不了。多閱讀公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)文章，擴(kuò)展自己的閱讀量，強(qiáng)化自己的英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力是攻克公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解的不二法門。

　　公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)文章一

　　For the last 82 years, Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal. But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within. Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself. According to Ingmar, the cultural editor for one of the country's two major newspapers, the prize continues to represent "what people call a very Swedish exercise: reflecting Swedish tastes." The Academy has defended itself against such charges of provincialism in its selection by asserting that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences. This may well be true, but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for the Academy's inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world.Regardless of concerns over the selection process, however, it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, and as an elusive goal that writers seek. If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompany it; not only is the cash prize itself considerable, but it also dramatically increases sales of an author's books.

　　過去的 82 年里，瑞典的諾貝爾委員會(huì)決定了誰(shuí)將獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，因此也就決定了 誰(shuí)將從偉大或近乎偉大榮升為不朽。 但在今天，該委員會(huì)卻遭到了評(píng)選委員會(huì)內(nèi)外的猛烈 批評(píng)。 批評(píng)者們爭(zhēng)論說："評(píng)選獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邥r(shí)，起作用更大的不是真實(shí)的寫作能力，而是該委員 會(huì)以及瑞典特有的內(nèi)部政治。 按照瑞典兩家主要報(bào)紙之一的文化版編輯 Ingmar 的說法，該文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)仍然是"人們所說的一種非常瑞典式的'做為：反映瑞典口味".對(duì)于其評(píng)選 過程中目光短淺的指責(zé)，該委員會(huì)辯護(hù)說，該委員會(huì)與世界幾大文學(xué)之都相距遙遠(yuǎn)，實(shí)際上 使該委員會(huì)免受外來的干擾。 這也許是對(duì)的，但批評(píng)者們反駁說，也正因?yàn)橄嗑嗳绱诉b遠(yuǎn)， 該委員會(huì)才不能準(zhǔn)確地把握文學(xué)界的真正趨勢(shì)。盡管對(duì)評(píng)選程序存在著關(guān)注，該文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)將繼 續(xù)作為世人最為推崇的文學(xué)的標(biāo)志而存在，并將繼續(xù)是作家們難以達(dá)到卻又會(huì)不斷追逐的目 標(biāo)。 如果不考慮其他因素，而僅僅考慮與之俱來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，該獎(jiǎng)也將繼續(xù)為人所渴求： 這不僅因?yàn)樵摢?jiǎng)本身就是一筆可觀的現(xiàn)金收入，而且該獎(jiǎng)還將極大地增加一個(gè)作家的著作的 銷量。

　　公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)文章二

　　In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, South Africa, the West Indies, and Latin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its antagonists' goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe. This goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain's efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties, Britain built coalitions (not dissimilar in concept to today's NATO) guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonists were poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths: France was predominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships.

　　Accordingly, France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow to Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.

　　French strategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain's superior sea skills and technology, and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces. Napoleon never lost sight of his goal, because Britain represented the last substantial impediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal, Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.

　　在18 世紀(jì)后期，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于歐洲大陸的幾乎每一個(gè)角落，在中東、南非、西印度群島、拉丁美洲亦都是如此。然而實(shí)際上，在這一時(shí)期只有一場(chǎng)主要的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，那就是英法之間的 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。所有其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都服從于這一更大的爭(zhēng)端，至少是與這兩個(gè)對(duì)手的目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略有某些關(guān)聯(lián)。法國(guó)力圖統(tǒng)治整個(gè)歐洲，而英國(guó)的自主及其力圖在整個(gè)歐洲大陸挫敗拿破侖的種種努力都是法國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的`障礙。英國(guó)通過條約建立了聯(lián)盟(和今天北約的概念沒有什么 不同)以保證英國(guó)插手所有歐洲的主要爭(zhēng)端。這兩個(gè)對(duì)頭并不是一對(duì)好對(duì)手，因?yàn)樗麄兊牧α繕O不均衡：法蘭西在陸地上稱王，英格蘭則在海上稱霸。法國(guó)人明白，如果不能擊敗英 國(guó)海軍，他們勝利的唯一希望就是讓歐洲的所有港口都對(duì)英國(guó)艦船關(guān)閉。

　　于是，法國(guó)將其軍事占領(lǐng)從莫斯科延伸到里斯本，從尤特蘭延伸到卡拉布里亞，企圖以此來制服英國(guó)。所 有這些行動(dòng)包含著巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)榉▏?guó)并不具備足夠的軍事資源，來控制這么多地盤，同時(shí)又能保護(hù)自己，維持國(guó)內(nèi)的秩序。

　　法國(guó)戰(zhàn)略家們的算盤是，其海軍若擁有150 艘軍艦，則將足以擊跨英國(guó)海軍。這樣的武力將使法國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)具有3 比2 的優(yōu)勢(shì)。這種優(yōu)勢(shì)被認(rèn)為是必不可少的，因?yàn)橛��?guó)人具有超群的海上技能和技術(shù)，并且打的是一場(chǎng)防御戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，使它能以少勝多。拿破侖從未忘卻他的目標(biāo)，因?yàn)橛��?guó)是他統(tǒng)治全歐的最后一個(gè)重大的障礙。隨著他的力量越來越靠近這個(gè)目標(biāo)，拿破侖變得越來越不耐煩起來，開始策劃立即攻擊。

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