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人類為什么不能穿墻「普特聽力文摘」
看一些科幻片或者神話片的時(shí)候，我們有時(shí)候會(huì)想，為什么自己不能穿墻。那么，你知道為什么人類不能穿墻嗎?下面這篇英語聽力文摘會(huì)給你答案。
聽力原文：
Shadowcat! She’s one of the X-Men, and she can walk through walls!
Unfortunately, however, Shadowcat can’t be real. This is because she violates a basic law of physics that says two things can’t share the same space.
But aren’t atoms mostly empty space? Couldn’t she just slip into that space? Unfortunately, no.
It’s true that atoms are mostly empty space. (If a helium atom were the size of the earth, the electrons would be out in earth’s atmosphere, and the protons and neutrons would be the size of a basketball at the core.) But atoms can’t overlap because only a limited amount of electrons can be in the same orbit.
The reason for this is what’s called the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Electrons have ‘spin’. Picture a screw. Its threads go in one direction, right? So imagine the screw turning in the direction of its threads, like how it screws into a board. Now picture placing two screws side by side, but pointing in opposite directions. Their spins are the reverse of the other, and you can get them close together.
But the Pauli Exclusion Principle only applies to particles like the ones in atoms. There are other types of particles, such as the ones that make up light, which can be in the same place at the same time.
參考譯文：
幻影貓! 作為X-戰(zhàn)警中的一員，她可是擁有穿墻的本領(lǐng)呢!
然而，不幸的是，幻影貓無法出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中。因?yàn)樗`背了物理學(xué)的一條基本定律，那就是兩個(gè)物體不能同時(shí)存在相同的空間里。
但是大多數(shù)原子內(nèi)部不是空的嗎?難道她不能闖進(jìn)那個(gè)空間里嗎?可惜事實(shí)并非如此。
的確大多數(shù)原子內(nèi)部是空的。(如果氦原子有地球那么大的話，那么電子就會(huì)位于地球大氣層當(dāng)中，核心處的質(zhì)子和中子也只是一個(gè)籃球的大小)。但是原子之間無法重疊，因?yàn)橹挥杏邢迶?shù)量的電子才可以處于相同的軌道上
產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因就在于泡利不相容原理。電子是旋轉(zhuǎn)的。想象一顆螺絲釘。螺紋的走勢是沖著一個(gè)方向，對吧?那你就想象一下螺絲釘是怎么旋轉(zhuǎn)著擰進(jìn)一個(gè)木板的。現(xiàn)在想象并排擺放兩個(gè)螺絲釘，把螺紋的指向擺成相反的，這樣它們旋轉(zhuǎn)起來就會(huì)越轉(zhuǎn)越近。
但是泡利不相容原理只適用于原子這樣的粒子，還有其他類型的粒子，比如光粒子，它們是可以同時(shí)存在于相同空間的。
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