2016年托福寫作指導(dǎo)：分對象討論法

　　不同于綜合寫作，托福獨(dú)立寫作需要小伙伴們解決寫什么的問題，怎樣設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和思路，尤其重要。今天為大家介紹一種實(shí)用的寫作方法——分對象討論法。

　　首先，什么是分對象討論法?

　　分對象討論，就是以寫作題目中涉及的不同利益人群為基礎(chǔ)，從這些人群的角度去分析寫作題目的問題。

　　什么樣的寫作題目適合使用分對象討論法?

　　一般來說，寫作題目中的問題如果事關(guān)多個(gè)利益人群，問題也會對這些人群造成積極或者消極的影響時(shí)，可以考慮使用分對象討論法，但是還是要具體問題具體分析。

　　下面，我們以一道教育類的獨(dú)立寫作題目為例，來看一下分對象討論法是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

　　Do you agree or disagree the following statement?

　　The main role of a university professor is to educate students rather than to do research.

　　這道題目問的是“你是否同意以下陳述：大學(xué)教授的主要任務(wù)是教書而不是做研究。”該題目涉及多個(gè)利益人群，首先是教授本身，其次是學(xué)生，還有學(xué)校、社會等。那么，我們可以嘗試選擇合適的對象作為寫作角度。

　　首先，我們應(yīng)確定立場。假如我們選擇同意這一觀點(diǎn)。那么，就應(yīng)該討論教授專注于育人對于學(xué)校、學(xué)生、社會、甚至是個(gè)人來講有什么益處。

　　對于學(xué)校，教授多花時(shí)間教育學(xué)生會提升學(xué)生素質(zhì)，擴(kuò)大學(xué)校聲譽(yù)。

　　對于社會，如果教授多花時(shí)間教育學(xué)生就會取得更多的教學(xué)成果，為社會培養(yǎng)出更多的人才。

　　對于學(xué)生，教授多花時(shí)間教育學(xué)生能夠幫助學(xué)生提升專業(yè)技能和各項(xiàng)素質(zhì)，有利于學(xué)生未來的發(fā)展。

　　對于教授本人，教授在教學(xué)的過程中可以積攢很多實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，用于科學(xué)研究。

　　我們可以選擇三個(gè)有代表性的角度，形成自己的分論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)。

　　◆范文(472 words)

　　University is a place where students can learn more about their subject of study. Students can benefit a lot from the professors’ classes. As an old saying goes, “Teachers are the lights who illuminate in the road of study”, so professors, the authority figures in many fields, can provide students with some useful advice about their study as well as their personal lives. For this reason, professors should spend more time educating students instead of doing research.

　　Firstly, by spending more time teaching, professors will allow more students to fulfill their potential. Take my classmate John for example; he only took writing course for the professor read his essay every time. Although John’s essays were not very good, the professor revised his assignments carefully and gave him compliments in the class. As a result, John won the university writing competition. We can induce from this example that without the professor’s remarkable instruction or revision, John could not have won such an outstanding achievement.

　　Secondly, professors can give students valuable career advice. Many students feel in a daze about their future and have no idea of how to choose a career. Professors have a wealth of precious experience and comprehension about life so that they can guide students to make correct decisions. For example, I did not know what kind of job was the best-suited for me when I was a junior student. I felt desperate and helpless about my future. Then my professor asked me what my ideal job was and whether I could get it. He told me that what I should do first was to find my strengths as well as weaknesses, and then explore what I am interested in. By taking his advice, I became more confident about myself and have not worried about my future anymore.

　　Thirdly, extracting information from classes will contribute to professors’ scientific research. They can implement theoretical result into teaching and receive feedback from students to check whether their research is meaningful or not. For instance, a psychological professor carried out a project about people’s reaction if they only had five days to live. In order to collect data, he did the investigation during his classes by discussing with the students, as the students could be a part of this project and who were willing to discuss such as academic issue with the professor. As a result, not only did the professor finish his class, but also completed his research at the same time.

　　In conclusion, there are three clear advantages if university professors pay more attention to education. Cultivating successful undergraduates also benefits the professor’s research in the long -term via student recommendations for promotion and an increased quality of PhD candidates in the future. Even though it is the professor’s obligation to teach the students, professors can improve their research at the same time, and make their classes more interesting.

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