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托福綜合寫作必備能力：歸納及改寫
托�？荚囍�，托福寫作是最考核考生英語水平及能力的部分。在托福寫作部分拿下高分已然不易，寫一篇托福滿分作文著實不易。以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于托福綜合寫作必備能力：歸納及改寫，供大家備考。
托福綜合寫作“歸納”，就是考生能夠把握托福綜合寫作閱讀材料和聽力材料中論證的重點，也即觀點和論點。對于閱讀材料，如何歸納呢?以TPO29托福綜合寫作閱讀其中一段材料為例：First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
概括內(nèi)容為：Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants----- have to leave the cold and dark North Slope winter to more temperate zones to find food .
對應(yīng)的托福聽力材料：First, the edmontosaur did not have to migrate to find food. One hundred million years ago the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmer than they are today. And remember in arctic regions like the North Slope the sun shines 24 hours a day at the peak of the summer, the warm temperatures and the extensive daylight created incredibly good growing conditions for plants, so much vegetation was produced during the summer that when the vegetation died as the winter came, there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter. The edmontosaur could have easily lived on the dead plant matter during in the winter.
概括為：Edmontosaurs did not have to migrate to find food---the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmer than they are today,there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter.
這里需要注意的是：由于聽力材料只聽一遍，在發(fā)揮托福綜合寫作概括能力之前，考生需要根據(jù)閱讀材料的內(nèi)容預(yù)測聽力內(nèi)容的重點并帶著預(yù)測來聽。
托福綜合寫作“改寫”，即考生可以將閱讀和聽力材料的論點及觀點按照綜合寫作部分答題方式聯(lián)系起來，寫好材料分析性的內(nèi)容。在對上述材料進(jìn)行整合改寫前，可以看出兩個材料是矛盾的。所以采用模板：the reading materials points out that...But the speaker reputes that...改寫為：First of all, the reading materials points out that it is difficult that edmontosaurus to find food in cold winter because of they were fed on plants exclusively. But the speaker reputes that warm weather in summer supplied perfect condition for plants to grow. So edmontosaurus might found lots of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter, which made migration unnecessary.
拓展閱讀：托福寫作高分實用模板
寫作第一題：綜合寫作
①The lecture completely refutes the passage. It is said in the lecture that聽力要點.
�、贏ccording to the professor in the lecture, 聽力1. This directly contradicts/supports what the reading passage indicates, because 閱讀1.
�、跿he lecture believes that 聽力2. This point disagrees/enhances with the statement demonstrated in the reading that 閱讀2.
④In the listening, the professor says that 聽力3， which differs from/upholds the reading in that the reading states閱讀3.
寫作第二題：獨立寫作
1、因果解釋型論證體系：現(xiàn)象引出→原因分析→結(jié)果分析
Currently, 抽象事物 has loomed up wide public concern. What amazes us most is that具體事物. (→趨勢化) It is true that the trend of this is seemingly on the rise in all walks of life. (→原因解釋化) We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this. The major ones can be listed as follows.
First and foremost, _____ play a pushing role.
In addition, ______.
Last but not least, _____.
(→結(jié)果化) As a consequence, _____.
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