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怎么訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)作為中國(guó)人必須學(xué)習(xí)的一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，是大多數(shù)學(xué)生頭疼的學(xué)科，特別是英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作更是難倒了很多人，所以努力提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)十分的重要！以下是有百分網(wǎng)小編給大家收集到的有關(guān)寫(xiě)作的問(wèn)題和訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力的方法，希望可以幫你提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力！
如何訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作
一、學(xué)生寫(xiě)作中的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題:
1.語(yǔ)法不過(guò)關(guān)。具體表現(xiàn)為：主謂一致、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式、代詞的指代歧義、語(yǔ)態(tài)及時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、非完整句的錯(cuò)誤、斷句的錯(cuò)誤、融合句的錯(cuò)誤、句子的語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤、非連接成分的使用、平行結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤、選詞錯(cuò)誤、搭配錯(cuò)誤以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、大小寫(xiě)的錯(cuò)誤等，比比皆是。比如：There have two person stand there. 顯然就是一個(gè)改錯(cuò)題，正確There are two persons standing there.
2.受母語(yǔ)干擾。很多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中不遵從英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)或思維習(xí)慣，而是受漢語(yǔ)的影響，誤將漢語(yǔ)的詞義與英語(yǔ)的詞義等同。在實(shí)際寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中，習(xí)慣用漢語(yǔ)組織思維，然后翻譯成英語(yǔ)，導(dǎo)致用詞錯(cuò)誤，句子結(jié)構(gòu)漢語(yǔ)思維的痕跡明顯，出現(xiàn)大量的―中式‖英語(yǔ)，使文章顯得詞不達(dá)意，語(yǔ)病百出，甚至不知所云。例如：1) Some young people don’t have politeness. (have good manners) 2) He doesn’t seem to be afraid of the hot water. (mind) 3) The girl did not let her seat to the old man. (gave)
3.語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力差，寫(xiě)作技巧貧乏。例如，句式變換少，殘句斷句經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，前后銜接手段單調(diào)，文章枯燥乏味;或是篇章結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，中心思想表達(dá)不清。In this year, we are very grateful for your hard work, you can get along with classmates and friendly, like a friend do not say, you left I study harder, and students are working. In these restaurants, people stand at the counter. They order their food. They wait just a few minutes. They carry the food to a table themselves…(此句表達(dá)同一主題，過(guò)多使用短句，使人感覺(jué)支離破碎。) enjoys but have no time to read…(此句缺乏過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)，上下文不連貫，條理不清，有枯燥乏味之感。)
二、短文縮寫(xiě)(Summary)階段:
短文縮寫(xiě)可以是就所學(xué)課文進(jìn)行縮寫(xiě)，也可以采用其它閱讀材料，但要求被縮寫(xiě)的材料難易程度不超過(guò)所學(xué)課本。被用于進(jìn)行縮寫(xiě)的課文或其它材料必須觀(guān)點(diǎn)明確，層次分明，敘述有條理�？s寫(xiě)時(shí)應(yīng)做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要，抓住重點(diǎn)，不要拖泥帶水，沒(méi)有主次。初學(xué)階段的被縮寫(xiě)材料不宜太長(zhǎng)，以不超一千詞為佳，縮寫(xiě)文以不超過(guò)2m詞為佳。以下就一篇短文進(jìn)行縮寫(xiě)，限于篇幅，短文內(nèi)容有所節(jié)略。
Most shops in Britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. Small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.
Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday orThursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.
將短文縮寫(xiě)如下：
This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00or 5.30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.
這是一篇不超過(guò)100詞的縮寫(xiě)，句子基本上由原文各段落的主要內(nèi)容構(gòu)成。個(gè)別段落被完全刪除以保證縮寫(xiě)重點(diǎn)突出，前后連貫�？s寫(xiě)是一種“依材剪貼”的習(xí)作方式，基本上采用原材料中的詞語(yǔ)和句子，僅作了部分調(diào)整，是最初級(jí)的習(xí)作方式。
三、短文評(píng)論(Brief Comment)階段:
短評(píng)是就所學(xué)課文或閱讀材料進(jìn)行評(píng)論。通過(guò)分析原文中的內(nèi)容和觀(guān)點(diǎn)，提出一定的看法。短評(píng)可以是對(duì)原文觀(guān)點(diǎn)表示贊同，也可以提出異議或不同看法。如對(duì)前文便可作以下評(píng)論：
From the article we learned about British shops, about their opening and closing time and their service. But we find that there are something inconvenient with British shop service. First is the time. Shops in Britain open very late and close too early. Second is that there is almost no Sunday service. Where can people go if they suddenly need to buy something? The last is the habit of queuing. It will be a waste of time if the queue is too long.
初學(xué)階段，短文評(píng)論的字?jǐn)?shù)一般也應(yīng)在150字左右，不宜寫(xiě)大多。短評(píng)是一種“一半依材一半發(fā)揮”的習(xí)作方式。在內(nèi)容上，一部分取自原文，一部分靠自己的思考。在用詞上，可以部分地依賴(lài)原文，也需使用一些其它詞匯。此外，短評(píng)的行文布局和用句也是一半模仿，一半創(chuàng)造。短評(píng)的這種特點(diǎn)使它非常適合承接短文縮寫(xiě)階段，而又為后期階段打下一定的基礎(chǔ)。
四、引導(dǎo)寫(xiě)作(Guided Writing)階段:
引導(dǎo)寫(xiě)作可分為重新編排句子順序。規(guī)定情景作文�？磮D作文。提綱作文。關(guān)鍵詞作文等形式。這些形式均可以用于訓(xùn)練，但以提綱作文和關(guān)鍵詞作文多用為佳. 提綱作文是一種給出題目和段落提綱的習(xí)作方式，其段落寫(xiě)作提綱可以采用段落主旨句的形式，也可以是短語(yǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞作文是一種給出作文題目和一些關(guān)鍵詞或詞組的命題作文形式。由于有段落寫(xiě)作提綱或主旨句等，進(jìn)行習(xí)作時(shí)，減少了審題環(huán)節(jié)，且寫(xiě)作思路受到引導(dǎo)。在訓(xùn)練初期，引導(dǎo)寫(xiě)作的命題應(yīng)盡量與所學(xué)英語(yǔ)書(shū)本的內(nèi)容掛鉤，使學(xué)生能夠參照一部分課文所學(xué)的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)，避免大多生詞。如針對(duì)上篇短文便可出一道相關(guān)命題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生習(xí)作：
題目：shops in China
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