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2023高考英語長難句寫作技巧
長難句一直是困擾不少考生備考過程中的提分障礙。下面是小編為大家收集的2023高考英語長難句寫作技巧，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
一、如何寫長難句
How to develop complex sentences.
1. 寫出key words，確認(rèn)中心骨架
2. 邏輯排列，logical arrangements
3. 加工潤色，colorize
例句：大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會(huì)使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力，這對(duì)他們未來找工作是非常有好處的。
Most of (A majority of) students believe (hold the view) that part-time jobs can provide them with opportunities機(jī)會(huì)to/and develop (improve/better) communication ability能力(social abilities/interpersonal skills人際關(guān)系技巧),which is good for (is beneficial to有益于) their looking for jobs (job-hunting求職) in the future (after their graduation).
二、拓展長句的三大方法
The most important factor因素 we have to take into consideration is sth./that…
The most important thing I want to talk about is that…sth./ that…
It is also of great importance to pay close attention to…that
Besides what is mentioned above上訴的,it is necessary to think about…
In addition to除…之外 what is talked about above, I want to tell you sth. about…
1.寫引導(dǎo)詞：包括起承轉(zhuǎn)合例(讓句子變得高端)
起: in the first place首先, first and foremost首要的, to begin/start with
承: second (ly),in the second place, furthermore而且,此外, moreover而且,此外, what’s more, in addition另外, besides
轉(zhuǎn):but, however, on the contrary與此相反, in contrast/comparison相比之下, nonetheless雖然如此,但是; nevertheless盡管如此,然而;
合: last but not least最后同樣重要的，so, therefore,
in conclusion最后，綜上所述, to conclude最后, in a/one word, in general,
例: for instance, for example, such as,
When it comes to.... 說起…
經(jīng)典引導(dǎo)句型
There is no doubt that/in saying that…
There is no exaggeration夸張 in saying that…
It is known to us all that,
It is well-known that…
It is apparent/obvious顯然的 that…it is not hard to understand that…
It is not too much to say that…
It is commonly/widely/generally agreed that… (acknowledged公認(rèn)的 that…/ believed that)
2.寫插入語(讓句子變得客觀)
that is to say
to a certain extent在某種程度上，to some degree在一定程度上，to a larger degree在很大程度上
for one reason or another因?yàn)槟撤N原因, to put it in another way換言之
directly or indirectly 直接或間接
in other words 換句話說
as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上
例：English is, to a large degree, important. be后
Computer, directly or indirectly, influences our life. 行前
Computer can, as a matter of fact, influence our life. 助行間
例句：It is known to us all that, English is, to a large degree, very important due to that English is becoming a global/world language. /is becoming more and more (increasingly) popular
There is no doubt in saying that computer, directly or indirectly, to a large degree, influences our life primarily owing to that (computer can make our work and study faster) computer can improve the efficiency of our work and study.
It is hard to understand that doing part-time job can, to a large extent, broaden our horizon in that we can understand more about the society by knowing a lot of people.
3.寫從句(讓句子變得漫長)
名詞性定語從句:that, who
時(shí)間狀語從句:before, when, after, during
地點(diǎn)狀語從句:where)
原因狀語從句:because, because of that..
primarily/mainly owing to that,
partly/partially due to that,
in that 例： I like you in that you are very kind.
假設(shè)狀語從句:if, on condition that… in case that…
拓展：關(guān)于高考英語閱讀理解長難句的處理技巧
一個(gè)句子之所以難以理解，有許多原因，其中一個(gè)主要原因是句子太長或者句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。句子過長或者復(fù)雜無非是該句除了主干之外還包含了一些附加部分，如插入語、同位語、分隔現(xiàn)象、各種從句或較長的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語等等。這些附屬成分常有逗號(hào)或分隔符號(hào)與句子隔開，且插在一個(gè)句子中間，使本來完整的句子被斷開，因而增加句意理解的難度。分析長難度的基本是：首先，判斷該句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主語和謂語，再分清句子附屬成分。下面我們來談?wù)剮追N長難句的處理技巧。
一、處理長難句的原則方法
如果待處理的長難句為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的單句，可這樣處理：跳讀修飾成分，迅速找出主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣一來，我們便可以將長句化為短句，將難句化為易句。具體步驟是：先跳讀修飾成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意義；然后再分段理解修飾成分或附加成分。
如果待處理的長難句為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的并列句，可這樣處理：先找出其中的并列連詞，然后再根據(jù)并列連詞的意思理清句子前后是順連關(guān)系還是反連關(guān)系，是因果關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等，最后再根據(jù)不同的語境關(guān)系正確理解句意。
如果待處理的長難句為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句，可這樣處理：先分清主句與從句，然后弄清從句的性質(zhì)，即弄清它是什么從句——名詞性從句，還是狀語從句，或是定語從句。注意，弄清從句性質(zhì)對(duì)于理解復(fù)合句的意思至關(guān)重要。
另外，有一點(diǎn)要提醒同學(xué)們，在處理長難句時(shí)，如果既能正確理解句意，又能將其準(zhǔn)確地譯成中文，那是最好了。但是，對(duì)于有些長難句，要在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)（如在參加時(shí)）將其譯成中文比較困難，此時(shí)只要能正確理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉為其難地譯成中文，不僅會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且在許多情況也沒有必要。
二、經(jīng)典真題實(shí)例分析
下面這篇文章共有194個(gè)單詞，卻只有9個(gè)句子，平均每個(gè)句子大約有22個(gè)單詞，是近幾年高考英語閱讀理解中一篇比較典型的集中含有長難句的文章。文章內(nèi)容如下：
Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海軍上將) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.
The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利領(lǐng)土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.
【解題分析】
1. 跳讀插入語：請(qǐng)看文章第一段的第一句。第一步跳過插入語找出句子主干：Tristan da Cunha is the farthest inhabited island in the world (Tristan da Cunha 是世界上無人居住的最偏僻的島嶼）；第二步理解附加的插入語部分：a 38-square-mile island（該島面積為38平方英里，而且這是吉尼斯記錄之一），這樣該句話的意思就弄明白了。
2. 跳讀非謂語動(dòng)詞短語：我們來看第一段第三句。首先跳過前面的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語，找出主干：the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred (該島是英國領(lǐng)土，人口大約幾千)。然后再來理解前面的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810（這個(gè)島嶼是在1506年被一個(gè)名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海軍上將發(fā)現(xiàn)的，1810年開始有人居�。�。通過這樣分解難度，我們讀得輕松，理解得準(zhǔn)確。
3. 跳讀分隔現(xiàn)象：請(qǐng)看文章第二段，這一段有35個(gè)單詞，卻只有一句話。因?yàn)樵摱渭劝朔指衄F(xiàn)象，又包含了定語從句，又有一個(gè)同位語，而且該句還是一個(gè)倒裝句。如果從前到后按照順序來理解，未免有點(diǎn)繁雜，抓不住重點(diǎn)。所以首先要跳過兩個(gè)分隔符號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)也要暫時(shí)擱置后面的非限制性定語從句，找出主干并把主干重新倒置過來變成正常語序：Easter Island is coming in a close second（Easter Island是緊跟第二的最偏僻的島嶼）；然后再理解分隔符號(hào)之間的內(nèi)容和后面的定語從句等附加成分：Easter Island 常常被誤認(rèn)為是最偏僻的島嶼，它在最臨近的島嶼(Pitcairn Island)東面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里。
4. 跳讀定語從句：定語從句在閱讀理解中是很常見的，有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句用來限定所修飾的詞，與之關(guān)系非常密切，閱讀時(shí)要特別注意兩者的密切聯(lián)系，跳過限制性定語從句找到主句后要馬上回頭理解它的含義，確定它與先行詞的修飾關(guān)系。如文章第三段的第一個(gè)句子里就有一個(gè)限制性定語從句：who were lost at sea. 閱讀時(shí)一定要注意它與people的密切聯(lián)系：不是別人而是在大海里迷路的人五世紀(jì)左右在那里定居。
而非限制性定語從句與所修飾的詞關(guān)系不是很密切，主要起補(bǔ)充說明作用，它可能出現(xiàn)在主句中間，也可能出現(xiàn)在句尾。如果它出現(xiàn)在句中，閱讀時(shí)可以跳過去然后再來理解，也可以一起順便讀過去。如果非限制性定語從句出現(xiàn)在句尾，那閱讀時(shí)很方便，看完主句后附帶著看一下就可以了，因?yàn)樗皇菍?duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明。如這一段的最后一句：for which the island is most famous. 看完主句我們得知該島與外界隔絕了一千多年，使得島上的人們有充足的時(shí)間來修建一千多具巨大的石雕。然后再附帶得知該島以這些石雕而聞名。
三、針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練題
以下段落均選自近幾年的高考英語閱讀理解文章，均有一定難度，請(qǐng)你用以上方法試一試：
1. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇）
2. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.（NMET1999. D篇）
3. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab poly technique.（NMET2003.C篇）
4. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇）
5. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.（NMET2001. E篇）
【分析示范】
1. 先看破折號(hào)前面的Decision thinking is not unlike poker，這個(gè)句子雖不長，但有點(diǎn)難度，尤其是其中的not unlike這個(gè)雙重否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，其實(shí)它的意思就是like，句意為“做決策其實(shí)就像(like)打撲克牌”。破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容包括有一個(gè)not only...but also... 結(jié)構(gòu)，且句中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)what...think這樣的詞語，就像是繞口令似的，對(duì)于語感不是很好，而且又不會(huì)分析句子同學(xué)來說很有點(diǎn)難度，這句話的意思是：起作用的不但是你怎么想的，而且還包括別人對(duì)你的想法是怎么看的以及你對(duì)別人的看法是如何考慮的。
2. 句子的主干部分為Dad had forgotten...，其中的in a hurry to get...為介詞短語，在此說明had forgotten的原因；破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容a mistake...為解釋其前內(nèi)容的同位語。全句大意為：爸爸急匆匆地在天黑之前趕回家，以便他能出去跑步，但卻忘記系安全帶——這是75%的美國人每天犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
3. 這個(gè)句子的主干部分是the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds。句首的過去分詞短語first put forward by…用作狀語，表示時(shí)間；主句后的including…為介詞短語，用以補(bǔ)充說明the finest mathematical minds；而including…短語中又包括有兩個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾名詞短語a French woman scientist。此句句意為：這個(gè)定理最先由17世紀(jì)法國家皮爾法特提出，它曾使一批極其優(yōu)秀的大師為難，其中包括一位法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院。
4. 句子的主干部分為it is difficult to measure...，其中句首的it為形式主語，其后的不定式為真正的主語；句中although引導(dǎo)的為讓步狀語從句，并且這個(gè)狀語從句中又包括有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而正是在這個(gè)定語從句中又內(nèi)含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，其中的the printers start working overtime為其前時(shí)間狀語從句的主句——你看這個(gè)句子有多復(fù)雜；句子最后一部分由that is引出，用以對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容起解釋和說明作用。全句大意為：由于因特網(wǎng)的使用，要計(jì)算所使用紙張的數(shù)量不是很容易的，盡管幾乎任何在辦公室的人能告訴你，當(dāng)引進(jìn)電子郵件后，打印機(jī)就開始超時(shí)。也就是說，近年來人們對(duì)于紙張的日益需求主要是由于因特網(wǎng)越來越多的使用。
5. 句子的主干部分為it wasn’t unusual to hear…。句首的whereas為從屬連詞，意為“盡管”，在此引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。其中主句當(dāng)中有四個(gè)語言難點(diǎn)尤其值得注意：一是句首的it為形式主語，句子真正的主語是其后的不定式to hear…；二是not unusual這一雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)，其實(shí)它的意思是就是usual；三是not…until….結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的not不是句中的第一個(gè)not而不是第二個(gè) not（即didn’t know中的not）；四是until后的現(xiàn)在分詞短語asking…，它在此用作狀語，表示伴隨情況。句意為：盡管一個(gè)女人最親密的女性朋友可能是第一個(gè)告訴她離開一次失敗婚姻的人，然而聽見一個(gè)男人說，直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這卻是很平常的。
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