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成人學(xué)位英語閱讀專題訓(xùn)練2017
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The Challenge of Immigration 移民的挑戰(zhàn)
There are many reasons why someone leaves his or her homeland to live in another country. For some, the decision is economic; they believe that they may have better opportunities to make more money in another place. For others, the motivation is adventure, wanting to try something very different in life. Still others immigrate to a new country because they think that the values of that country might better suit their own ideals.
有很多原因，有人離開自己的家園生活在另一個國家。對一些人來說，這個決定是經(jīng)濟的;他們認(rèn)為他們會有更好的機會在另一個地方，賺更多的錢。對于其他人，動機是冒險，想嘗試一些完全不同的生活。還有一些人移居到一個新的國家，因為他們認(rèn)為，這個國家的價值觀可能更適合自己的理想。
People who emigrate for financial reasons are often misguided. They may have heard fanciful stories of untold riches, but it is seldom so easy. If it were, the people in the country to which they wanted to move would all be earning multimillions. People who immigrate to a new country should expect to work hard, probably much harder than they would have had to work in their home country.
那些移民的財政上的原因往往是錯誤的。他們可能聽說過數(shù)不清的財富稀奇古怪的故事，但它是不那么容易。如果是，在國內(nèi)，他們想讓人們就賺數(shù)百萬美元。人移民到一個新的國家應(yīng)該會很努力的工作，他們將不得不在自己的家鄉(xiāng)努力工作可能更。
In some cases, people have had little or no choice of whether or not to emigrate. During the Irish potato famine, for example, millions of impoverished and destitute Irish saw emigration as an option or staying on the brink of starvation and death at home. Most made difficult and dangerous boat trips to America, where they were generally hired to do dirty work at rates much lower than other Americans. Such discrimination and poor treatment of immigrants is an all too common story throughout history.
在某些情況下，有人是否移民很少或沒有選擇。在愛爾蘭的馬鈴薯饑荒，例如，貧困和貧困的愛爾蘭百萬看到移民作為一個選項或停留在饑餓和死亡的邊緣在家。最困難和危險的船前往美國，在那里他們被雇來的速度比其他美國人低得多做骯臟的工作。移民的歧視和貧窮的處理是一個非常普遍的故事在歷史上。
Also, many immigrants may find that their skills are not appreciated. Many doctors, lawyers, and engineers from countries such as Vietnam or Pakistan have found that once they leave their homeland, their credentials are worthless. They simply did not meet the standards of the new country. Subsequently, they wind up sweeping floors or working as night watchmen at the same kinds of offices they might once have filled. The feeling of being a second-class citizen is both insulting and depressing.
同時，許多移民可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們的技能也不領(lǐng)情。許多醫(yī)生，律師，和從越南、巴基斯坦等國家的工程師們發(fā)現(xiàn)，一旦他們離開他們的家園，他們的憑據(jù)是毫無價值的。他們根本不符合新的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。隨后，他們會清掃地板，或者作為守夜在辦公室的同一種他們可能曾經(jīng)充滿。作為一個二等公民的侮辱和壓抑的感覺。
Others may find that their language skills (or lack of it) stop them from being accepted both in the workplace and socially. People who move to another country as a sense of adventure might not care about this, but time spent leaning a new language to become bilingual will probably take away time they could spend earning enough to live a decent life. Too often, immigrants to a multicultural country may feel out of place and end up in a small community of their fellow immigrants and fail to embrace the opportunities and advantages of their new homeland.
其他人可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們的語言技能(或缺乏)阻止他們被接受在工作場所和社會。人們搬到另一個國家作為一個冒險的感覺可能不關(guān)心這個，但在學(xué)習(xí)一種新語言成為雙語的時間可能會拿走的時間可以花賺到足夠的錢過體面的生活。通常一個多元文化的國家，移民可能覺得出來的地方，在一個小的同胞的移民社區(qū)的最終未能抓住機遇，他們的新家園的優(yōu)勢。
People may not like conditions in their own country and decide to leave.
人們可能不喜歡在自己的國家條件和決定離開。
During the Vietnam War, thousands of young American men left their country to move to Canada, hoping to avoid serving in what they viewed as a senseless conflict. These men cut themselves off from friends and family, unable to return to their homeland.
在越南戰(zhàn)爭期間，數(shù)千名年輕的美國男子離開自己的國家到加拿大，希望避免在他們視為一場無意義的戰(zhàn)爭服務(wù)。這些人把自己從朋友和家人，無法返回自己的家園。
People who immigrate often do so in the hope of a better future for their children and a higher standard of living. But, too often, the sacrifices of the parents are not really appreciated by the children who grow up pampered in a new society.
那些移民常常這樣做，在他們的孩子一個更好的未來的希望和更高的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但是，通常父母的犧牲是不是真的長大的孩子養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)的新社會的贊賞。
Still, despite all the obstacles, people do immigrate, especially to growing nations such as Australia, Canada, and the United States. Throughout their short histories, these countries have been built by waves of immigration of farmers, factory workers, and trades people who escaped starvation or war in their respective homelands. A few, within a generation or two, became prosperous beyond their wildest dreams. Many countries continue to depend on immigrant labor to bring in workers not just for menial jobs, but also for new ideas and high-tech skills. Indian computer programmers, for example, are in great demand around the world.
然而，盡管所有的障礙，人們做的移民，尤其是越來越多的國家如澳大利亞，加拿大，和美國。在短暫的歷史，這些國家已經(jīng)由移民建立工廠的工人農(nóng)民，和交易人躲過饑荒或戰(zhàn)爭在他們各自的家園。一些，在一代或兩代，成為繁榮超出了他們的夢想。許多國家繼續(xù)依賴于移民工人勞動帶來的不只是卑微的工作，也為新的思想和技術(shù)技能。印度計算機程序員，例如，在巨大的全球需求。
Immigration often raises concerns in the country that immigrants hope to make their new homes. There are often insecure feelings over jobs, with some thinking so that each new immigrant encroaches on the wealth shared by those already there. But immigrants often bring great wealth into a country, making' it more productive and acting as consumers for goods and services.
移民往往引起國家有關(guān)移民的希望使他們的新家園。經(jīng)常有不安全的感覺在工作的一些思考，使每個新移民侵占的那些已經(jīng)存在的共享財富。但移民往往帶來巨大的財富，成為一個國家，使它更有生產(chǎn)力，作為商品和服務(wù)的消費者。
Similarly, people may find a new wave of' immigrants too foreign, not sharing in the same societal values, ideals, and customs as others in the new homeland. But these things quickly change with compromise and discoveries of delight on both sides. At the beginning of the Indian immigration in England, people found their food shockingly odd; it was so different from the traditional bland British diet. But today, Indian food has surpassed even the traditional British fish and chips as the most popular cuisine in Britain.
同樣，人們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)新一波的移民太外，不共享相同的社會價值觀，理想，和海關(guān)在新的家園的人。但這些事情很快改變妥協(xié)與兩側(cè)欣喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。在英國的印度移民開始，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的食物非常奇怪的;它是從傳統(tǒng)的英國飲食如此不同。但今天，印度食品已接近甚至超過了英國傳統(tǒng)的魚和薯條是英國最受歡迎的菜。
For whatever reason a person immigrates, he takes to his new country something more valuable than skills or a willingness to work-courage. It takes great courage for someone to take the initiative to make the difficult decision to leave the familiar behind and embark on a new life and to carve out a new future for themselves and their family. Such courage among its citizens is a lasting benefit to any country.
無論什么原因人移民，他以他的新國家更多有價值的東西比能力或愿意工作的勇氣。這需要極大的勇氣的人主動離開熟悉的后面，走上了一個新的生活，為自己和家人打拼嶄新未來的艱難的決定。在其公民的這種勇氣是任何國家的持續(xù)效益。
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