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學(xué)位英語閱讀理解試題專題輔導(dǎo)2017
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Cloning
克隆
Is cloning wrong or right? Can we and should we clone humans?
克隆是對是錯?我們可以而且應(yīng)該克隆人?
The biggest problem with the use of cloning on a large scale is the decline in genetic diversity. Think about it, if everyone has the same genetic material, what happens if we lose the ability to clone. We would have to resort to natural reproduction, causing us to inbreed, which will cause many problems. Also, if a population of organisms has the same genetic information, the disease would wipe out the entire population. Helping endangered species by cloning will not help the problem. If we tried to clone endangered species we could possibly kill the last females integral to the survival of a species. This may be the main reason science is holding out on cloning humans.
利用克隆上規(guī)模最大的問題是在遺傳多樣性下降。想想看，如果每個人都有相同的遺傳物質(zhì)，如果我們失去了克隆能力會發(fā)生什么。我們將不得不求助于自然繁殖，造成近親繁殖，這會造成很多問題。同時，如果一個生物群具有相同的遺傳信息，這種疾病會摧毀整個城市。通過克隆來拯救瀕危物種將不利于問題。如果我們試圖克隆瀕危物種，我們可能殺死最后的女性一個物種的生存積分。這可能是科學(xué)的主要原因是瞞著克隆人類。
The goals and purposes of cloning range from making copies of those that are deceased to better engineering the offspring in humans and animals. Cloning could also directly offer a means of curing diseases or a technique that could extend the means to acquiring new data for the sciences of embryology and how organisms develop as a whole over time. Scientists can easily genetically alter adult cells. Thus, cloning from an adult cell would make it easier to alter the genetic material. The goal of transgenic livestock is to produce livestock with ideal characteristics for the agricultural industry and to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans. Researchers can harvest and grow adult cells in large amounts compared to embryos. Scientists can then genetically alter these cells and find which ones did transform and then clone only those cells.
目標(biāo)和制作那些已故的更好的工程在人類和動物的后代拷貝克隆的目的和目標(biāo)�？寺∫部芍苯犹峁┲委熂膊』蛞环N技術(shù)，可以延長的手段來獲取新的數(shù)據(jù)用于胚胎科學(xué)和生物是怎樣發(fā)展作為一個整體在時間的一種手段。科學(xué)家們可以很容易地改變體細(xì)胞的基因。因此，克隆成熟細(xì)胞更容易改變遺傳物質(zhì)。轉(zhuǎn)基因家畜的目標(biāo)是產(chǎn)生理想特征的家畜的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，能生產(chǎn)生物制品，如蛋白質(zhì)對人類。研究人員可以獲得和培養(yǎng)成體細(xì)胞胚胎相比，大量�？茖W(xué)家們可以從基因改變這些細(xì)胞并找到并能轉(zhuǎn)型的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行克隆。
Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in today's society than it was twenty years ago. It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual. It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person.
克隆人類最近成為可能，似乎更可行的在今天的社會，比二十年前。這是一個包括一組相同的細(xì)胞或生物體，都來自于一個單一的生產(chǎn)方法。不知道何時或如何克隆人類真正成為可能，但它是已知的，有兩種可能的方式，我們可以克隆人類。第一種方法涉及分裂成幾個部分的胚胎，從胚胎產(chǎn)生了許多新的個體�？寺∪松婕暗綇囊粋�已經(jīng)存在的人類細(xì)胞和克隆他們的第二方法，依次建立其他的個人，對特定的人相同。
With these two methods almost at our fingertips, we must ask ourselves two very important questions: can we do this, and should we? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future.
這兩種方法，幾乎在我們的指尖，我們必須問自己兩個非常重要的問題：我們能這樣做，我們應(yīng)該?毫無疑問，涉及這一問題的技術(shù)和倫理方面會出現(xiàn)很多問題，將是幾乎不可能避免，但克隆人的整體觀念是我們應(yīng)該接受作為未來可能的現(xiàn)實。
Embryonic cloning could be a valuable tool for the studying of human development, genetically modifying embryos, and investigating new transplant technologies. Using cloning to produce offspring for the sake of their organs is an issue that we must also face and question whether or not it is morally right. No one will say that it is okay to kill a human being for the sake of their organs, but many have no objection to cloning thousands of individuals that look alike.
胚胎克隆技術(shù)可以為人類發(fā)展研究的一個有價值的工具，基因修飾的胚胎，并研究新的移植技術(shù)。利用克隆技術(shù)制造器官的緣故，我們也必須面對的后代，是否它在道德上是正確的問題。沒有人會說這是為他們的器官而殺了人，好吧，但許多不反對克隆人看起來像成千上萬。
Technology seems to take away many of the morals that we have worked so hard to install in society. Most people only seem to want to cater to their own needs and do not bother to consider the consequences that society and the clone may have to face.
技術(shù)似乎帶走了很多的道德，我們一直非常努力地安裝在社會。大多數(shù)人似乎只是想滿足自己的需要，也不考慮社會和克隆可能要面對的后果。
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