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學(xué)位英語閱讀理解專題輔導(dǎo)
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The Impact of the Information Revolution
信息革命的影響
What has been the impact of the information revolution, and how should we respond? Let's begin by considering how fast our world shifted to a computer-based society. At the end of World War II, the first electronic digital computer ENIAC weighed thirty tons, had 18,000 vacuum tubes, and occupied a space as large as a boxcar. Less than forty years later, many hand-held calculators had comparable computing power for a few dollars. Today most people have a computer on their desks with more computing power than engineers could imagine just a few years ago.
什么是信息革命的沖擊，我們又該如何應(yīng)對?讓我們開始考慮如何快速世界轉(zhuǎn)移到一個以計算機為基礎(chǔ)的社會。在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束，第一臺數(shù)字電子計算機ENIAC重達三十噸，有18000個真空管，并占據(jù)空間作為一個boxcar一樣大。不到四十年后，許多手持計算器媲美的計算能力為幾美元。今天，大多數(shù)人都有一個電腦桌上有更多的計算能力比工程師可以想象，僅僅幾年前。
The impact of computers on our society was probably best seen when in 1982 Time magazine picked the computer as its "Man of the Year", actually listing it as "Machine of the Year". It is hard to imagine a picture of the Spirit of St. Louis or an Apollo Lander on the magazine cover under a banner "Machine of the Year".
電腦對社會的影響可能是最好的當(dāng)1982時代雜志把計算機作為它的“年度人物”，實際上它是“上市機器的一年”。很難想象在雜志封面圖片的圣路易斯或阿波羅著陸的精神旗幟”機器的一年”。
This perhaps shows how important the computer has become in our society.
這可能說明如何重要的計算機已經(jīng)成為我們的社會。
The computer has become helpful in managing knowledge at a time when the amount of information is expanding rapidly. The information stored in the world's libraries and computers doubles every eight years. In a sense, the computer age and the information age seem to go hand in hand.
計算機有利于知識管理在信息量迅速增長的。信息儲存在世界的圖書館和電腦每八年翻番。在某種意義上，電腦時代、信息時代似乎齊頭并進。
The rapid development and use of computing power, however, have also raised some significant social and moral questions. People in this society need to think clearly about these issues, but often ignore them or become confused:
然而，使用的計算能力，快速發(fā)展，也提出了一些重要的社會和道德問題。在這個社會上的人需要考慮清楚這些問題，卻往往忽視了他們或混淆：
One key issue is computer crime. In a sense, computer-fraud is merely a new field with old problems. Computer crimes are often nothing more than fraud, larceny, and embezzlement carried out by more sophisticated means. The crimes usually involve changing addresses, records, or files. In short, they are old-fashioned crimes using high technology.
一個關(guān)鍵的問題是計算機犯罪。從某種意義上說，計算機欺詐是一個老問題的新領(lǐng)域。計算機犯罪通常沒有比詐騙，盜竊，和更復(fù)雜的方式進行貪腐。犯罪通常涉及改變地址，記錄，或文件�？傊�，他們是老式的犯罪使用高技術(shù)。
Another concern arises from the centralization of information. Govemmental agencies, banks, and businesses use computers to collect information on its citizens and customers. For example, it is estimated that the U.S. government has on average about fifteen files on each American. Nothing is inherently wrong with collecting information if the information can be kept confidential and is not used for immoral actions. Unfortunately, this is often difficult to guarantee.
另一個問題來自集中的信息。政府機構(gòu)，銀行，和企業(yè)使用計算機收集市民和客戶信息。例如，據(jù)估計，美國政府已經(jīng)平均約十五在美國每個文件。沒有什么是收集信息，如果信息是保密的，不能用于不道德行為本質(zhì)上是錯誤的。不幸的是，這通常很難保證。
In an information-based society, the centralization of information can be as dangerous as the centralization of power. We should be concerned about the collection and use of large amounts of person al information. In the past, centralized information processing was used for persecution.
在信息化社會，信息可以集中力量的中央集權(quán)的危險。我們應(yīng)該關(guān)心收集和利用大量的個人信息。在過去，集中的信息處理是用于迫害。
When Adolf Hitler's Gestapo began rounding up millions of Jews, information about their religious ties was stored in shoe boxes. U.S. Census Bureau cards were used to round up Japanese Americans living on the West Coast at the beginning of World War II. Modern technology makes this task much easier.
當(dāng)阿道夫希特勒的蓋世太保開始了成千上萬的猶太人，他們的宗教聯(lián)系信息被存儲在鞋盒子。美國人口普查局的卡被使用來日裔美國人在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)開始生活在西海岸�，F(xiàn)代科技使這個任務(wù)更加容易。
Moreover, the problem is not limited to governmental agencies. Many banking systems, for example, utilize electronic funds-transfer systems. Plans to link these systems together into a national system could also provide a means of tracking the actions of citizens. A centralized banking network could fulfill nearly every information need an evil leader might have. This is. not to say that such a thing will happen, but it does show the challenges facing each of us due to the information revolution.
此外，該問題不僅限于政府機構(gòu)。許多銀行系統(tǒng)為例，利用電子資金轉(zhuǎn)移系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)計劃連接成一個國家系統(tǒng)也提供跟蹤行動的公民的一種手段。中央銀行網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)幾乎所有的信息需要一個邪惡的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人可能會。這是。不是說這樣的事會發(fā)生，但它確實表明，面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，我們每個人都由于信息革命。
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