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成人英語三級詞匯語法名師指導(dǎo)
所謂垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)(The Dangling Construction)就是一個句子成分,如分詞短語,不定式動詞短語等,找不到被修飾的主語或被修飾的對象不合邏輯。垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)是種錯誤的句法,應(yīng)該避免。.以下是小編為大家搜索整理的成人英語三級詞匯語法名師指導(dǎo),希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?更多精彩內(nèi)容請及時關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
下面是三種常見的垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)及其改正方法:
、贝箲曳衷~或分詞短語,如:
① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.
這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(present participial phrase)修飾主語“several boars”是錯的;改正方法有二:
(a)確定是邏輯主語,使句子變成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”
(b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語擴(kuò)大為副詞分句(也稱狀語從句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”
、泊箲腋痹~短語,如:
② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
這句的副詞短語(adverb phrase)和主語“the fish”有什么邏輯關(guān)系呢?真正的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才對。改正方法和例①同:
(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
、炒箲也欢ㄊ絼釉~短語,如:
、 To write well, a lot of practice is needed.
④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.
這兩個句子的不定式動詞短語(infinitive phrases)并不能修飾“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主語必須是“ 人”,如:
(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.
(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.
上述三類垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)中,第一類發(fā)生的頻率最高,必須注意。但是在下列三種情況下,分詞短語是對的,它們并非垂懸結(jié)構(gòu):
第一,獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(The Absolute Construction,見3月7日《中英合談》)中的分詞短語有自己的主語,所以不是垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
、 Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.
第二,當(dāng)分詞含有介詞或連詞性質(zhì)時,它不需要邏輯主語,所以沒有垂懸問題存在。例如:
、 Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.
、 Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.
第三,當(dāng)分詞短語是用來表示說話者的態(tài)度或意見時,也不需要邏輯主語,因此也不存在著垂懸問題。例如:
、 Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.
、 Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.
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