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職稱英語《衛(wèi)生類C級》考試教材新增

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2015年職稱英語《衛(wèi)生類C級》考試教材新增

  第五篇 Tracking Down HIV

2015年職稱英語《衛(wèi)生類C級》考試教材新增

  In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.

  By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.

  In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.

  In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.

  詞匯:

  spot n. 地點(diǎn),斑點(diǎn),斑塊,青春痘

  lymph n. 淋巴結(jié)

  sarcoma n. 腫瘤,肉瘤,惡性毒瘤

  exhaustion n. 衰竭,耗盡,精疲力竭

  immunologist n. 免疫學(xué)家

  malfunction n. 故障,失靈,疾病

  count n. 計(jì)數(shù),計(jì)算

  infection n. 傳染病,感染

  breakdown n. 故障,衰弱,崩潰

  toll n. 代價(jià),死亡人數(shù)

  intravenous drug n. 靜脈注射藥物

  abnormalities n. (abnormality的復(fù)數(shù)形式)畸形,異常情況

  blood transfusion n. 輸血

  symptom n. 癥狀

  virologist n. 病毒學(xué)家

  virus n. 病毒

  panel n. 座談小組,儀表板

  hemophiliac n. 血友病患者

  vaccine n. 疫苗

  注釋:

  1.play a key role...扮演一個關(guān)鍵角色,有至關(guān)重要的作用

  2.be responsible for...對……負(fù)責(zé),是……的原因

  3.can be eradicated可以被根除的

  練習(xí):

  1.This passage is mainly about ____.

  A the spreading of the disease known as HIV

  B the work of Dr. Robert Gallo

  C infectious diseases

  D the symptoms of HIV

  2.A T-cell is a ____.

  A patient’s blood

  B deadly strain of tuberculosis

  C white blood cell important in providing immunity to disease

  D red blood cell

  3.The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.

  A have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIV

  B have hope that a cure for HIV will be found

  C have run out of time to find a cure for HIV

  D are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV

  4.The basic pattern used to develop this passage is ____.

  A chronological order

  B personal narrative

  C comparison and contrast

  D question and answer

  5.The word u eradicated the last paragraph means ____.

  A made extreme

  B celebrated

  C remove by rubbing

  D gotten rid of entirely

  答案與題解:

  1.A 從開篇的病例介紹,到后面感染人數(shù)的不斷上升可以推斷出,這篇文章的主旨是講艾滋病病毒在美國的傳播。從第二段中的最后一句話可以看出,人們最初對艾滋病的冠名是在1982年7月,而那時(shí)全美已有病例471起,并有184人死亡了,因此可以推斷出是講該病毒的傳播的。

  2.C 第一段的最后一句話里對T細(xì)胞進(jìn)行了定義,即其為白細(xì)胞的一種,并在免疫效應(yīng)中起關(guān)鍵作用,因此答案是選項(xiàng)

  3.B 文章最后一段的最后一句話提到了解題線索,即現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家正在測試預(yù)防艾滋病的疫苗,他們相信,如果該病毒能被抑制,就可能被根治。

  4.A 該題為對文章線索總結(jié)題,chronological order意思為“按照時(shí)間次序”,chronological意思為“時(shí)間的”,從該文中的幾個時(shí)間點(diǎn)來看,人們對于艾滋病的接觸、了解、應(yīng)對、研究,應(yīng)該是按照不同年份進(jìn)行的,故答案為選項(xiàng)A。

  5.D 本題為詞義推斷題,eradicate的本義為“根除”,本題的解題線索在最后一段最后一句話的前半句,即“Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed”,只要了解suppress的詞義,即“抑制”,那么結(jié)合后面then(于是,那么)這個關(guān)聯(lián)詞就可以推斷出后面的動詞短語應(yīng)該和“根治”有關(guān),本題選項(xiàng)中的前三個選項(xiàng)均不含該意思,故答案為選項(xiàng)D。選項(xiàng)A為“成為極端”,選項(xiàng)B為“慶祝”,選項(xiàng)C為“通過摩擦被消除”,和前句大意均不相符。

  第二篇 The Hope Children’s Hospice

  The Hope Children’s Hospice provides free specialist care for children with life-limiting conditions who are not expected to live into adulthood. It cares for up to eight terminally-ill children at one time, and aims to care for them in the same way their families would care for them at home. ____1____

  Life-limiting conditions present many long-term medical and emotional problems-not only for the child, but for parents and siblings too. So the hospice offers respite care-short stays for the child alone or for the whole family together. ____2____ Short stays give terminally-ill children an opportunity to meet others with similar conditions.

  Each child at the hospice has their own carer and their own care plan. A normal day might start with a jacuzzi bath followed by a massage from a complementary therapist. ____3____

  The hospice has a multi-sensory room. ____4____ It has touch-screen computers, video games, paddling pools, anti space for wheelchair dancing. Children have music therapy and can record their own music, not only as a way to express their feelings, but to leave something for their family and friends to listen to in the years to come.

  The hospice has a number of quiet moms where we care for children during and after death. ____5____ Our support does not end with death. We help not just grieving parents, but also siblings who are experiencing bereavement. We give everyone opportunities to discuss their fears about death and dying.

  詞匯:

  hospice n. 收容所,救濟(jì)院,臨終關(guān)懷

  respite n. 緩期執(zhí)行

  care n. 臨時(shí)看護(hù)

  adulthood n. 成年,成人期

  sibling n. 兄弟姊妹

  therapist n. 理療幣

  paddling n. 劃動

  pool n. 戲水池

  bereavement n. 喪親,喪友

  注釋:

  1.live into adulthood...長大成人,活到成年

  2.in the years to come...在大限將至之日,最后期限臨近之時(shí)

  練習(xí):

  A These are places where families and friends can say goodbye.

  B Some children go to school, while others play with hospice play specialists.

  C When families prefer to do the caring themselves, a hospice carer will go to their home and help them.

  D This is a special room which stimulates the children’s senses with lights, music, touch, and smell.

  E They become confused about time, place, and who people are.

  F At these times, parents hand over responsibilities to the staff and have a “holiday”.

  答案與題解:

  1.C 選項(xiàng)C的本意是,當(dāng)這些兒童的家人希望能夠親自照料這些子女時(shí),救濟(jì)院的看護(hù)人員將會上門為其提供幫助,與前句中“為患兒提供家人般的關(guān)照”形成呼應(yīng)。

  2.E 該選項(xiàng)意為“他們對于時(shí)間、地方以及人們的身份產(chǎn)生了疑惑”。這里他們指的是上文中的患兒和其家人。第二段第一句話中已經(jīng)顯示,在接受長期藥物治療后,患兒和其家人都會出現(xiàn)一定程度上的身心問題,這句話和前文中的話邏輯銜接,所以答案為選項(xiàng)E。

  3.B 上文中提到的患兒一天的治療安排,是按照從早開始的時(shí)間順序進(jìn)行的,在介紹完患兒早間的治療活動后,文章對其一天之后的行為進(jìn)行解釋,而本句話的意思為“一些患兒去上學(xué),另一些則和救濟(jì)院的游戲?qū)<乙黄鹜?rdquo;,和上文形成了補(bǔ)充搭配。

  4.D 該選項(xiàng)是對救濟(jì)院特殊的游戲房間進(jìn)行解釋描述的,而最先提及該房間的就是第四段的第一句話,故補(bǔ)充在其后面,對其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。

  5.A 該選項(xiàng)和上下文呼應(yīng),解題線索為下句中提到的“服務(wù)不會隨著死亡而結(jié)束”,從這里可以知道上文提到的房間是關(guān)于患兒亡故的,那么這間房子的用途就是該選項(xiàng)所描述的“為患兒親屬提供一個對其進(jìn)行最后告別的場所”。

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