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職稱英語真題《衛(wèi)生B》補(bǔ)全短文精選題
補(bǔ)全短文是職稱英語試卷上比較難的題型之一。該題型共1篇文章，5道小題，所占分值為10分。下面是yjbys網(wǎng)小編提供給大家關(guān)于職稱英語真題《衛(wèi)生B》補(bǔ)全短文精選題，希望對(duì)大家的備考有所幫助。
Lung Cancer
The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts.46Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog,exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
47Among heavy smokers -- 21 to 30 cigarettes per day -- the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis.48Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Modem X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
49The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. 50 The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy.
Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.
A. A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma, so-called because the
malignancy originates in a bronchus.
B. Lung cancer, also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
C. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.
D. Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.
E. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.
F. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.
答案與解析
46.F。空格前講的是過去25年肺癌死亡率增加的情況;空格后提到“頻繁提到的因素是接觸異質(zhì)顆粒和空氣中其他刺激物(煙塵、煙霧、廢氣)，以及抽煙和抽雪茄”，也就是引起肺癌的因素。由此可知，空格處也應(yīng)談及引起肺癌的原因。故正確答案為F。
47.D�？崭窈髢裳榻B的都是抽煙與肺癌死亡率之間關(guān)系的例子，選項(xiàng)D“一系列研究表明，肺癌的死亡率與吸煙的習(xí)慣之間存在著明顯的關(guān)系”是對(duì)空格后內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，符合題意。
48.C�？崭袂耙痪涮岬剑袝r(shí)肺癌是在進(jìn)行x射線檢查結(jié)核病時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的;空格后提到，如果想要保持治愈的可能，盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)絕對(duì)重要，所以空格處也是一個(gè)介紹肺癌的檢查。選項(xiàng)C“但是，當(dāng)前強(qiáng)調(diào)接觸X射線機(jī)的放射線的危險(xiǎn)常常也使得人們不敢去做常規(guī)的胸部X射線檢查，從而不能及早對(duì)肺癌做出診斷”，與前后銜接緊密，符合題意。
49.A�？崭窈筇岬�，腫瘤會(huì)一直長(zhǎng)到支氣管被堵塞，切斷了空氣向肺的供給，所以空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)提到腫瘤與支氣管。選項(xiàng)A“肺癌的常見類型為支氣管癌，之所以這樣稱呼是因?yàn)閻盒阅[瘤產(chǎn)生于支氣管內(nèi)”，符合題意，且前后內(nèi)容銜接緊密，故選A。
【備考助手】重復(fù)詞的出現(xiàn)是體現(xiàn)語義銜接的重要標(biāo)志。
50.E�？崭窈筇岬�，可能治愈的唯一方法就是在繼發(fā)腫瘤出現(xiàn)之前將肺全部切除，由此可知，空格處也應(yīng)介紹繼發(fā)腫瘤的情況。選項(xiàng)E“這種肺癌也會(huì)擴(kuò)散，在胸部和頸部淋巴結(jié)、腦部以及身體的其他部位繼發(fā)再生”符合題意，且與前后銜接緊密。
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