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職稱英語歷年真題《理工A》完形填空
完形填空是一項綜合性的測試，它不僅考查考生對詞匯、語法的掌握程度，更重要的是考查考生對語言的準(zhǔn)確理解程度和綜合運用能力。為了大家更好的攻克2024年職稱英語完形填空，以下是y小編整理的關(guān)于職稱英語歷年真題《理工A》完形填空精選，供大家備考。
職稱英語歷年真題《理工A》完形填空 1
Underground Coal Fires
Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment andhuman life, scientists have warned. These large-scale __________(51) blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can __________(52) ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting__________ (53) of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils,they warned.
"Coal fires are a global catastrophe," said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA. But __________ (54) few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to __________ (55) and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported.__________ (56) fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In __________(57), the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher,.__________ (58)analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. __________(59) underway, coal fires can bum for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large__________(60) of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the__________(61) these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to __________(62).
Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to __________(63)how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested__________ (64) of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to__________(65) the oxygen supply.
51.A. house B. undergroundC. skyD. water
52.A. only
B. even
C. just
D. then
53.A. release
B. paste
C. consumption
D. elimination
54.A. happily
B. traditionally
C. surprisingly
D. fashionably
55.A. exchange
B. regenerate
C. disappear
D. transfer
56.A. Most
B. Such
C. Some
D. Many
57.A. comparison
B. case
C. time
D. turn
58.A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. what
59.A. Yet
B. Unless
C. Although
D. Once
60.A. data
B. volumes
C. figures
D. images
61.A. attack
B. impact
C. identification
D. implication
62.A. develop
B. relieve
C. detect
D. supply
63.A. estimate
B. experiment
C. gather
D. illustrate
64.A. cause
B. method
C. treatment
D. rule
65.A. take up
B. back up
C. run out
D. cut off
答案與解析：
51.B。本題考查線索回現(xiàn)解題法。題干：這些大規(guī)模的__________ 火焰造成地面溫度上升，殺死四周的植被，產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，__________ 能引發(fā)森林火災(zāi)。根據(jù)首句的coal burning deep underground可知，火焰(blaze)是在地下。故本題答案為B。
52.B。本題考查副詞。題干：這些大規(guī)模的地下火焰造成地面溫度上升，殺死四周的植被，產(chǎn)生溫室氣體，__________ 能引發(fā)森林火災(zāi)。根據(jù)并列部分的程度，從造成地面溫度上升，到引發(fā)森林火災(zāi)，四個并列成分之間是遞進的關(guān)系，因此在火災(zāi)之前用“甚至”來表示程度的嚴重是合理的。故本題答案為B。
53.A。本題考查名詞。題干：隨之而來的有害氣體的__________ ，比如砷和汞，也會污染當(dāng)?shù)氐乃Y源和土壤。煤燃燒之后有害氣體會被釋放，從而污染各種環(huán)境，因此release是最佳答案。
54.c。本題考查上下文語義。題干：但是令人__________ 的是，幾乎沒有人知道他們。前一句講到有專家提示“煤火是全球性的災(zāi)難”，而空格后的意思是“幾乎沒有人意識到這一點”，兩者語義形成了強烈的反差，因此此處應(yīng)該使用surprisingly。
55.C。本題考查語義。題干：產(chǎn)生的熱量不會__________ ，在陽光與氧氣的結(jié)合下，能自動起火并開始燃燒。該句是對上一句的進一步解釋，上一句的意思是：煤炭能持續(xù)發(fā)熱，并在有持續(xù)氧氣供應(yīng)的情況下最終自燃。因此，該句中“熱量不會消失”與上文“持續(xù)加熱”語義走向是一致的，故本題選disappear。
56.B。本題考查有指示含義的修飾語。題干：前文描述的是煤炭自燃所引起的燃燒，該句順承上文的意思，用“這樣的”火勢來承接語義。故本題答案為such。
57.A。本題考查固定搭配。題干：薩切爾說，__________ ，美國經(jīng)濟每年耗費煤的總量為1億噸。__________ 關(guān)于煤炭引發(fā)燃燒可能出現(xiàn)的影響的分析已經(jīng)在《煤炭生態(tài)學(xué)國際期刊》上得以發(fā)布。此處很明顯在對比美國和中國對煤炭消耗的情況，因此用in comparison表示對比。
58.C。本題考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。題干：薩切爾說，相比之下，美國經(jīng)濟每年耗費煤的總量為1億噸。__________ 關(guān)于煤炭引發(fā)的燃燒可能出現(xiàn)的影響的分析已經(jīng)在《煤炭生態(tài)學(xué)國際期刊》上得以發(fā)布。從句中主干是完整的，analysis需要的是定語，加之先行詞為Sthacher，因此可判斷從句講的是“薩切爾的分析”內(nèi)容，證明此處應(yīng)該是能指代Sthacher’s的關(guān)系代詞。只有whose有此功能，故本題答案為C。
59.D。本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。題干：__________ 在地下，炭火可以燃燒幾十年，甚至幾百年。這里需要一個副詞來表示炭火燃燒幾十年甚至上百年的條件，只有once符合這個要求。 unless等于“if…not”，用在本句中邏輯關(guān)系不通順。
60.B。本題考查固定搭配。題干：在這個過程中，這些炭火釋放出大__________ 溫室氣體，有毒的火焰以及黑色的顆粒物質(zhì)進入到大氣中。large volumes of的意思是“大量的”，屬于固定搭配。
61.B。本題考查句意。題干：研究組成員討論了這些炭火可能對全球及地區(qū)氣候變化帶來的__________ ，并且都認為這些地下火焰的性質(zhì)使得他們很難被__________ 。煤引起的燃燒對氣候變化一定會有很大的影響，這是自第一段開始便在不斷被提及的事情，因此此處填入impact最符合句意。
62.C。本題考查句意。題干：研究組成員討論了這些炭火可能對全球及地區(qū)氣候變化帶來的影響，并且都認為這些地下火焰的性質(zhì)使得他們很難被__________ 。鑒于炭火是在地下燃燒，因此很難被“發(fā)現(xiàn)”是正常的`語義搭配，detect是最佳答案。
63.A。本題考查句意。題干：最終，遙感技術(shù)和其他技術(shù)可以允許科學(xué)家們__________ 這些燃燒排放了多少二氧化碳。前文講到由于地下燃燒的特性讓探測燃燒變得困難，因此科學(xué)家們利用的技術(shù)也只能是預(yù)估大體的情況，因此用estimate是正確的。
64.B。本題考查句意。題干：來自Goodson公司的Gary Lolaizzi提供了一種阻礙這些燃燒的__________ ，這家公司開發(fā)了一種抗熱材料，這種材料被設(shè)計用來灌注到煤火中以__________ 氧氣供應(yīng)。專家提供的是解決問題的辦法，只有method符合句子的含義。
65.D。本題考查句意和詞組搭配。題干：來自Goodson公司的Gary Lolaizzi提供了一種阻礙這些燃燒的辦法，這家公司開發(fā)了一種抗熱材料，這種材料被設(shè)計用來灌注到煤火中以__________ 氧氣供應(yīng)。前文講到地下煤火燃燒的條件之一是有持續(xù)不斷的氧氣供應(yīng)。該句的前半部分提及專家提供了如何滅火的方法，第二個which引導(dǎo)的定語從句則也是在解釋將火撲滅的辦法，即切斷氧氣的供應(yīng)。因此cut off是符合語義要求的。
職稱英語歷年真題《理工A》完形填空 2
China to Help Europe Develop GPS (全球定位系統(tǒng)) Rival
China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations. The Galileo satellite system __________(1) a more accurate civilian alternative to the Global Positioning System (GPS), operated by the US military. China will provide 230m Euros (USD 259m) in__________(2) and will cooperate with technical,manufacturing and market development. "China will help Galileo to __________(3) the major world infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) for the growing market for location services," said Loyola de Palacio, EU transport commissioner.
A new center that will coordinate co-operation was also announced__________(4) the European Commission, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology not long __________(5). The China-Europe Global Navigation Satellite System Technical Training and Cooperation Center will be__________ (6) at Beijing University. China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help launch the Galileo satellites.
The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere __________(7) the US ability to downgrade(降級) the GPS service during military conflicts. European officials say this is unfounded and counter that US opposition__________(8) the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS. Galileo will be precise to within a meter, while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.
The Galileo satellite constellation (衛(wèi)星群集) will__________ (9) 27 operational and three reserve satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 23,600 kin. The satellites will be strung along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination to the equator and will provide global coverage.
The system should be operational by 2008 and the entire project is expected to__________(10) around 3.2 billion Euros (USD 3.6 billion).
The European Commission has said Galileo will primarily be used for transportation technology, scientific research, land management and disaster monitoring. Galileo will provide two signals; a standard civilian one and an encrypted (編碼) , wide-band signal__________(11)the Public Regulated Service (PRS). This second signal is designed to withstand localized jamming( 干擾 ) and will be used by police and military services in Europe. European Commission__________ (12) have said China will not be given access to the PRS.
The first Galileo satellite is scheduled to launch late in 2004. Clocks on board__________ (13) will be synchronized (使同步) through 20 ground sensors stations, two command centers and 15 uplink( 向上傳輸) stations, Receiverson
the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their__________ (14). A "search and rescue" function will also__________(15) distress signals be relayed through the constellation of satellites.
1.A. offer
B. offered
C. will offer
D. has offered
2.A. funding
B. providing
C. paying
D. charging
3.A. build
B. use
C. Become
D. do
4.A. in
B. at
C. on
D. by
5.A. before
B. ago
C. after
D. later
6.A. found
B. produced
C. positioned
D. located
7.A. with
B. for
C. aboutD. above
8.A. results in
B. gives rise to
C. is due to
D. causes
9.A. be made from
B. consist of
C. consist in
D. be consisted of
10. A. spend
B. gain
C. give
D. cost
11. A. offered
B. called
C. used
D. turned
12. A. officials
B. countries
C. organization
D. agreement
13. A. /
B. the satellite
C. the satellites
D. satellites
14. A. speed
B. direction
C. distance
D. location
15. A. send
B. let
C. allow
D. transmit
答案解析：
1.C。從上下文語境來看，中國將幫助歐洲建立一個全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，而且整段多使用將來時。
2.A。從上下文語境來看，中國將在__________ 方面提供2.3億歐元(2.59億美元)。四個選項分別代入，只有funding(基金，資金)符合語境，其他三個選項：providing(提供)，paying(付賬)和charging(收費)在意思上均不符合。
3.A。從搭配來看，只有build the infrastructure(建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)是對的。
4.D。這里考查的是被動語態(tài)。was also announced是被動語態(tài)，其后是動作的執(zhí)行者the European Commission，the European Space Agency(ESA)$W the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology，故應(yīng)選擇bv。
5.B。這里考查固定短語(not)long ago(不久之前)，long before(不久)。從上下文語境來看，not long ago符合語境，本句意為：不久之前，歐洲貿(mào)易委員會、歐洲航天局和中國科技部宣布成立一個新的中心來協(xié)調(diào)合作事宜。
6.D。這里考查的是習(xí)慣搭配，be located at/in(位于……)，從上下文語境來看，該中心將設(shè)在北京大學(xué)內(nèi)。
7.A。這里考查的是習(xí)慣搭配，interfere with(妨礙，干擾)是固定搭配。
8.C。從上下文語境來看，美國對伽利略(人造衛(wèi)星)持反對態(tài)度，是由于伽利略衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)對全球定位系統(tǒng)在商業(yè)上提出挑戰(zhàn)。選項A、B和D的意思都是“導(dǎo)致”，所以不符合句意。bedueto的意思是“由于”或“由……造成”，符合文意。
9.B。從上下文語境來看，伽利略衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)由27個運作衛(wèi)星和3個儲備衛(wèi)星構(gòu)成。B項consist of是“由……構(gòu)成”的意思。選項A的be made from是“由……材料制造”的.意思。選項C的consist in是“在于，存在于”的意思。consist of不能使用被動形式。
10.D。從上下文語境來看，整個工程預(yù)計花費(cost)約32億歐元。8和C與句意不符。選項A中的spend為及物動詞。cost作為動詞的用法為sth.cost(sb.)sth.，沒有被動態(tài)形式。
1 1.B。wide-band signal called the Public Regulated Service(PRS)中的called在此是過去分一詞做后置定語，修飾wide-band signal。
12.A。句子的謂語動詞have said決定了主語應(yīng)該是人而不是物。此外，B項是單數(shù)名詞，不能用在這里。
13.B。clocks on board the satellite：在這架衛(wèi)星上的鐘表。這里的satellite特指前一句中的the first Galileo satellite，所以使用了定冠詞the。選項A、C和D的內(nèi)容文中都沒有出現(xiàn)過，所以是錯的。
14.D。通篇文章談的都是定位系統(tǒng)，所以地面接收借助定位系統(tǒng)來定位，應(yīng)選location。其他三個選項(speed，direction，distance)都不符合上下文所表達的意思。
15.B。從語法結(jié)構(gòu)來看，只有l(wèi)et sb.do sth.是正確的。
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