職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》閱讀理解精選
職稱英語閱讀在考試中占有分?jǐn)?shù)的比例很大，拿下閱讀基本上職稱英語考試就成功了一半。下面是小編提供給大家關(guān)于職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》閱讀理解精選，希望對(duì)大家的備考有所幫助。
職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》閱讀理解 1
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from
watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
36. The Gardners experiment with Washoe__________.
A. began in 1969.
B. won a big prize.
C. lasted three years.
D. influenced primate research.
37. The second paragraph mainly discusses__________.
A.a report about Washoes progress in learning sign language.
B. the whole direction of primate research.
C. new primate researches conducted by many language scientists.
D. an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.
38. The Gardners experiment with Washoe was criticized because it can__________.
A. just ask some simple questions.
B. only copy teachers sign language.
C. only memorize about 250 words.
D. just repeat short sentences.
39. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Roger Fours taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees.
B. Washoe was the first chimp to use American Sign Language.
C. A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center.
D. Nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees.
40. We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that__________.
A. whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswered.
B. primates have the ability to speak a language.
C. animals cans learn a human sign.
D. Washoe is as intelligent as humans.
答案與解析
36.D。題干：Gardners對(duì)Washoe的實(shí)驗(yàn)__________。細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Gardners’experiment with Washoe進(jìn)行定位，無法定位到第二段的前兩句，從中可知實(shí)驗(yàn)開始于1966年，在1969年Gardners在其科學(xué)報(bào)告中描述了Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語的緊張情況，由此可知選項(xiàng)A與C與文章信息不一致;分別定位選項(xiàng)8和D的關(guān)鍵詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章沒有提及獲獎(jiǎng)的事情，但是利用選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段的結(jié)尾兩句，從中可知隨著Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語的消息的傳播，許多語言科學(xué)家開始了這個(gè)新領(lǐng)域的研究，由此改變了靈長目類動(dòng)物研究的方向，所以選項(xiàng)D(影響了有關(guān)靈長目動(dòng)物的研究)為正確答案。
37.A。題干：第二段主要討論了__________。主旨題。仔細(xì)閱讀該段的首尾句，針對(duì)Washoe的實(shí)驗(yàn)開始于l966年，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)改變了靈長目動(dòng)物研究的方向，談?wù)摱际羌?xì)節(jié)，不是主題，而中間的其它句子談?wù)摰亩际荊ardners的有關(guān)Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語的報(bào)告的.內(nèi)容，故A(有關(guān)Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語的進(jìn)步的報(bào)告)是正確答案。
38.B。題干：Gardners對(duì)Washoe的實(shí)驗(yàn)受到批評(píng)是因?yàn)開_________。細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞criticize可以定位到第三段的首句，即批評(píng)家認(rèn)為Washoe只會(huì)觀察和重復(fù)老師的手語動(dòng)作，由此可以推知B(僅僅復(fù)制老師的手語。)是正確答案。
39.B。題干：根據(jù)短文，下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的?判斷題。利用選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞Roger Fours和three可以定位到第三段的最后一句，可知是Washoe教三只年幼的猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手語，而不是Roger Fouts，所以選項(xiàng)A與原文信息不一致;利用選項(xiàng)B的關(guān)鍵詞Washoe和first可以定位到第一段的倒數(shù)第二旬，可知Washoe被認(rèn)為是第一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)手語的非人類動(dòng)物，由此可知選項(xiàng)B與原文信息一致;利用選項(xiàng)C的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的第二句，可知一只在美國華盛頓州研究中心的猩猩因?yàn)樽匀辉蛟谏蟼�(gè)月末死亡，所以選項(xiàng)c與原文信息不一致;利用選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位，沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)信息。因而該題答案為B(Washoe是第一只使用美國手語的猩猩)。
40.A。題干：從最后一段我們可以得出結(jié)論__________。推斷題。從最后一段來看，有關(guān)猩猩是否理解人類交流的爭論仍將繼續(xù)，但是有一點(diǎn)可以確定的是，Washoe改變了有關(guān)動(dòng)物智力的可能性的一般看法，故該題答案為A(是否猩猩能學(xué)會(huì)人類語言仍舊沒有答案)。
職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》閱讀理解 2
The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator，as he preferred to call it. However，most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can’t choose to move away,” says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
Don’t worry about them. They fire probably from a university.
31. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that
A. are worried about their past.
B. have a glorious past to be proud of.
C. want to maintain their traditional image.
D. are very interested in their own history.
32. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in
A. the shortage of money.
B. the lack of a device to carry people upward.
C. backward technology.
D. mountains taking up land space.
33. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,
A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.
B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.
C. it was accepted favorably by the public.
D. most people had doubt about its safety.
34. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?
A. Fascinating.
B. Uninteresting.
C. Frightening.
D. Exciting.
35. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because
A. here humans behave the way animals do.
B. people in a lift are all scared.
C. here some people take notes.
D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.
答案：
CBDBD
職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》閱讀理解 3
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the Potato Famine of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the wide-awake feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.
1. According to the passage, which of the following changed more than others?
A. Clothes.
B. Ideas.
C. Languages.
D. Foods.
2. Chocolate drink was first invented in while coffee was first invented in _______.
A. Spain; Brazil
B. South America; the Old World
C. Spain; Ethiopia
D. London; Rent
3. In 1845, thousands of Irish people were forced to live in America mainly because .
A. Ireland became dependent on the potato
B. the potato was brought to Europe from Peru
C. they could easily get potato in America
D. the production of potatoes reduced(減少)
4. According to the passage, who first made chocolate drink from the seeds of the cacao tree?
A. People in Peru
B. People in Brazil.
C. South American Indians.
D. People in Ethiopia.
5. From the passage we can conclude (得出結(jié)論) that millions of people drink coffee .
A. in the morning
B. at noon
C. in the afternoon
D. in the evening
答案:
ACDCD
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