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職稱英語概括大意模擬練習(xí)2017
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第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23——-30題，每題l分，共8分)
下面的短文后有兩項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23——26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2——5段的每段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27——30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。
The Gap of Lifespan between Men and Women
(1) People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expects to live to be about 73, a baby girl,about 79. this is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity (長壽) of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example,described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then--the gap is growing.
(2) A number of reasons have been proposed to explain the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized (個體的) societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work stress that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism (酗酒). Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).
(3) Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy (差異). It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.
(4) Some researchers have suggested that men may die early because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming (令人擔(dān)憂的) promptness (迅速).
(5) Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually ( 幾乎 ) all mammalian (哺乳動物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences beginat the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages ( 流產(chǎn) ). In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.
23. paragraph 1 __________
24. paragraph 2 __________
25. paragraph 3 __________
26. paragraph 4 __________
A. Much Male Miscarriages
B. The Reason for the Gap Grows Different
C. The Greater Longevity of Women.
D. Health Is More Strongly Related to Their Emotion,,
E. Women Are Living Longer than Men
F. Example for the Age Discrepancy
27——30補(bǔ)全句子
27. Ababy boy live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79, this has __________
28. Women are less likely to work stress that may raise the risk of __________
29. More women smoking and they still have __________
30. The phenomenon is not isolated to humans __________
A. has impact on
B. a wide gap
C. a longer life
D. animal species
E. different societies
F. heart disease and alcoholism
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子
23.D。文章第二段主要講的是科幻書是文學(xué)中的新形式，但追根溯源，它幾百年前就出現(xiàn)了。所以選項D“科幻小說的起源”概括了本段大意，為正確答案。
24.B。文章第三段主要講多數(shù)科幻小說寫于過去100年里，其中Jules Veme和H.G Wells的科幻小說都是經(jīng)典之作。所以選項B“經(jīng)典科幻小說”概括了本段大意，為正確答案。
25.E。文章第四段主要講的是現(xiàn)代科幻小說作家對預(yù)測技術(shù)發(fā)展對社會和人類的影響等感興趣，或者對想象未來的世界感興趣，所以選項E“現(xiàn)代科幻小說的主題”概括了本段大意，為正確答案。
26.C。文章第五段主要講科幻小說作家發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的作品很難跟上技術(shù)發(fā)展的步伐，所以選項C“超越科學(xué)發(fā)展的困難”概括了本段大意，為正確答案。
27.F。題干：理想社會的形式是__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞ideal society可以定位到第二段最后一句，說明這些書總是理想社會的不同展現(xiàn)。由此可知選項F“ 一個反復(fù)的主題”為正確答案。
28.E。題干：Jules Veme寫的書__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞J.Veme可以定位到第三段，可知Jules Veme寫的書很多人都在讀，所以選項E“全世界廣泛閱讀”為正確答案。
29.C。題干：現(xiàn)代科幻小說都有政治的__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞political可以定位到第四段“Because ofthis，theirwriting has obvious political undertones”，意為“因為這樣，他們的作品有明顯的政治涵義”。由此可知選項C“涵義”為正確答案。
30.B。題干：作者發(fā)現(xiàn)很難__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞difficult可以定位到第五段“the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances”，意為“作者們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跟上科學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐”。由此可知選項B“跟上科學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐”為正確答案。
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