2017年職稱英語衛(wèi)生補(bǔ)全短文精選
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The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba.
Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. 46 They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the world's ecology ( 生態(tài) ) .
However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. 47 When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples. Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults, so like Catawba, Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.48 In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. 49The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.
What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears? When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language, like Red Thunder, must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. 50
A. Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.
B. In New Guinea there is an extremely rich source of different language, but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction (滅絕) .
C. However, he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina where he learned the language.
D. These languages don't have many native speakers.
E. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases.
答案與解析
46.A。從原文來看，空白處前面一句講到那些想要聽卡托巴語歌曲的人就需要聯(lián)系Smithsonian機(jī)構(gòu)，因?yàn)樵摍C(jī)構(gòu)早在20世紀(jì)40年代，Red Thunder Cloud為未來的后代灌錄了一系列的歌曲，空白處后一句說的是這些歌曲都是以卡托巴語而保留的，由此可知空白處應(yīng)該討論這些卡托巴語歌曲的事情，所以A(有些人可能想要用心學(xué)習(xí)這些歌曲)比較合適，符合內(nèi)容一致的原則。
47.F。從原文來看，空白處前面一句講的是漢語、西班牙語、俄語和北印度語已經(jīng)變成很強(qiáng)大的語言(powerful)，與F項(xiàng)中powerful銜接，而且these langauges與空白處前的“Chinese，Spanish，Russian，and Hindi”指代也比較一致，所以F(當(dāng)這些語言變得更加強(qiáng)大時(shí)，他們作為商業(yè)和文化的工具的使用就會(huì)增加)符合原文，符合指代一致的原則。
48.B。從原文來看，空白處之前的句子說的是埃塞俄比亞的許多語言也面臨著消亡的命運(yùn)，因?yàn)檎f那些語言的人太少了，空白處之后的句子說的是在美洲有近100種語言因?yàn)檎f話人少于300人也正在消亡，所以空白處談?wù)摰囊矐?yīng)該是語言消亡的例子，再結(jié)合第三段的首句可知本段主要談?wù)撜Z言的消亡，所以B(新幾內(nèi)亞有著非常豐富的不同語言的來源，但是有100多種語言正瀕臨滅絕)是正確答案，符合內(nèi)容與段落主題句一致的原則，其中dieout反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
49.C。從原文來看，空白處前面一句RedThunderCloud并非出生在卡托巴，而且卡托巴語也不是其母語，空白處后一句講的是他為Smithsonian機(jī)構(gòu)所唱的歌曲使得美洲本土的音樂流行起來。因此，空白處談?wù)摰倪�是Red Thunder Cloud唱歌的問題，所以C(但是，他經(jīng)常訪問South Carolina的Catawba的保留地，并在那里學(xué)會(huì)了這種語言)比較符合原文語義，從邏輯上解釋了為什么卡托巴不是Red Thunder Cloud的母語，但是他卻會(huì)唱卡托巴語的歌曲，符合上下文邏輯一致的原則。
50.E。從該段的首句來看，本段主要討論語言消亡給我們帶來的后果，從剩余的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)D和E比較來看，E選項(xiàng)(對(duì)我們剩下的人而言，當(dāng)語言消亡的時(shí)候，我們失去了用一種獨(dú)特方式觀察和描述這個(gè)世界的可能性)符合該段的內(nèi)容，而且E項(xiàng)中的“for the rest ofus”與段落首句的“for the rest ofus”也保持了一致。
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