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2017年職稱英語(yǔ)翻譯訓(xùn)練題衛(wèi)生類
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A Biological Clock
Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells _plants_ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells_insects_ when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away，and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.
Events outside the plant and animal _affect_ the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur _because of _the number of hours of daylight. In the short _days_ of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.
Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration _flight_ twice each year. Birds_prevented from _ flying become restless when it is time for the trip， _but_ they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.
Scientists say they are beginning to learn which _parts_ of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain _seems_ to control the timing of some of our actions. These _cells_ tell a person when to _awaken_ ，when to sleep and when to seek food . Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.
Dr. Moorhead is studying _ how _ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.
_It_ can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said _such_ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production.
譯文：
生物鐘
每一種生物都有控制它們行為的時(shí)鐘，科學(xué)家們稱之為生物鐘。生物鐘告訴植物的花朵何時(shí)生長(zhǎng)，何時(shí)開(kāi)放;生物鐘告訴昆蟲(chóng)何時(shí)離開(kāi)防護(hù)卵袋，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)飛去;生物鐘還告訴動(dòng)物和人類何時(shí)進(jìn)食、睡眠，何時(shí)蘇醒。
外界的變化會(huì)影響某些動(dòng)植物的生物鐘。例如，科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，有一種很小的動(dòng)物，會(huì)隨著白天日照時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短改變其毛發(fā)的顏色。冬季日照時(shí)間短，它的毛變成白色。夏季白天日照時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，它的毛又變成棕灰色。
還有的生物，它們的生物鐘受體內(nèi)信號(hào)控制。德國(guó)的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，鳥(niǎo)類體內(nèi)的.某種生物鐘迫 使它們每年做兩次長(zhǎng)距離遷移。那些被迫不能遷移的鳥(niǎo)，當(dāng)遷移時(shí)間到來(lái)時(shí)，會(huì)顯得煩躁不安，而當(dāng)這段時(shí)間過(guò)后，它們又恢復(fù)了平靜。
科學(xué)家們指出，他們開(kāi)始探索大腦內(nèi)部的哪些部位存在生物鐘。一位美國(guó)的研究員，馬丁• 莫亥德(Martin Moorhead)曾指出，好像是人腦前部的一小群細(xì)胞控制著人體的行為。這些細(xì)胞控制著人體睡眠、蘇醒和覓食的時(shí)間。另外，科學(xué)工作者推測(cè)，可能還有另外的生物鐘細(xì)胞控制人體的其他行為。
目前，莫亥德博士正在研究生物鐘對(duì)人們工作方面的影響。比如，如果經(jīng)常改變工作時(shí)間， 絕大多數(shù)人會(huì)感覺(jué)不適應(yīng)。要適應(yīng)工作時(shí)間上的較大變動(dòng)，可能需要相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段日子。莫亥德博士說(shuō)，工廠的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該對(duì)生物鐘有進(jìn)一步的了解，懂得生物鐘對(duì)工人的影響，如此則會(huì)減少工作中的不適和事故，對(duì)提高生產(chǎn)大有裨益。
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