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職稱英語綜合類試題考前指導(dǎo)附答案
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New US Plan for Disease Prevention美國疾病預(yù)防新政策
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health1 , Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes.
周二，健康及人道服務(wù)部秘書托米湯姆森發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)耗資1 500萬美元的計(jì)劃，大力推 進(jìn)社區(qū)在預(yù)防 諸如心臟病、癌癥及糖尿病等慢性病上發(fā)揮更大能量，以鼓勵(lì)美國人對(duì)自己的健 康負(fù)責(zé)。
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases2— the leading causes of death in the United States —and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise.
這一行動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了慢性病——造成美國國人死亡的主要原因的代價(jià)，概括了預(yù)防疾病的途徑， 包括改 善飲食和增加鍛煉。
“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness，disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases, " the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.
衛(wèi)生與公共服務(wù)部在報(bào)告中指出，今天，在美國70%的死亡、絕大多數(shù)重病、殘疾及健康 醫(yī)療是由 慢性病造成的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用也花在慢性病的治療上。
The causes are often behavioral—smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
原因往往是行為上的——吸煙、不良的飲食 習(xí)慣以及缺乏鍛煉。
“ I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
我確信通過增進(jìn)健康來預(yù)防疾病是一項(xiàng)利在將來的精明之舉。湯姆森在發(fā)起該倡議的會(huì)議上說。
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices. "
我們當(dāng)前的健康醫(yī)療體系不是為應(yīng)付治療那些基本上可以通過改變生活方式來預(yù)防的疾病的費(fèi)用 不斷上漲而設(shè)立的。
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.
湯姆森說道，全國心臟病和中風(fēng)將在2003年將要耗資3 510億美元。
“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable ，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,”he said.
男性和女性死亡的主要病因都基本上可以預(yù)防，但是作為一個(gè)國家，我們卻尚未采取必要 措施使人們生活得更為健康長壽。他說道。
The $ 15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention , pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
調(diào)撥1 500萬美元給社區(qū)來推動(dòng)預(yù)防工作，促使變化，細(xì)微到修建人行道，鼓勵(lì)人們多多步行。
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes.
每天鍛煉，比如走步，能夠預(yù)防以及治療心臟病和糖尿病，且能預(yù)防癌癥和中風(fēng)。
The money will also go to community organizations ，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
這批款項(xiàng)也將撥給社區(qū)組織、診所及營養(yǎng)師，鼓勵(lì)他們合作，教育有患糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人們?nèi)?何進(jìn)行預(yù)防，鼓勵(lì)人們多做 早期癌癥篩查。
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening ，including Pap tests3 for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.
美國癌癥學(xué)會(huì)估計(jì)，所有類型癌癥的一半可用早期癌癥篩查測出，包括針對(duì)宮頸癌的巴氏試驗(yàn)、針 對(duì)乳腺癌的乳房 X 線照片、結(jié)腸鏡檢查以及前列腺檢查。
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
如果所有這些癌癥都能夠由早期篩查測出，該組織估計(jì)癌癥存活率將上升到95%。
詞匯：
diabetes n糖尿病
initiative n 主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，倡議
behavioral a行為方面的
escalate vi逐步上升;逐步增強(qiáng)
slate vt預(yù)定，規(guī)劃
nutritionist n營養(yǎng)學(xué)家
cervical a子宮頸的
mammogram n乳房 X 射線照片
colonoscopy n結(jié)腸鏡檢查
prostate a前列腺的
注釋：
1. take responsibility for their health ：對(duì)他們自己的健康負(fù)責(zé)
2. The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases … ：這一行動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了慢性病的代價(jià)……
3. Pap test (= Papanicolaou test)：巴氏試驗(yàn)(一種檢查早期癌變的方法)
練習(xí)：
1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A) They account for 70% of all deaths
B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs
C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles
D) They are largely preventable
1. C 從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國，70%的死亡是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會(huì)引發(fā)慢性病，而不是慢性病引發(fā)不健康的生活方式。慢性病在很大程度上是可以預(yù)防的。
2. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT .
A) better diet.
B) increased exercise
C) reduction on smoking
D) higher survival rate for cancer
2. D 從文章的第二、四段可以排除 A、B 和 C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
3. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean .
A) greater responsibility of the government
B) much less money needed for disease treatment
C) higher costs of health care
D) more 1ifestyle choices for people
3. B 從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費(fèi)極高。適當(dāng)投資于疾病的預(yù)防可以大大減少這種花費(fèi)。
4. The $ 15 million program is aimed at .
A) promoting disease prevention
B) building more sidewalks
C) helping needy communities
D) wiping out chronic diseases
4. A 從文章第一段可以看出，該項(xiàng)目的主要目的是促進(jìn)疾病的預(yù)防。
5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly .
A) the death rates for all chronic diseases
B) the kinds of cancer attacking people
C) the cancer incidence rate
D) cancer death rate
5. D 從文章的最后一段可以看出，早期癌癥篩查有助于大大提高癌癥存活率，即大大降低癌癥死亡率。
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