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2014年托福語法試題及答案講解
托福語法試題(一)
1. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
答案：A
分析：主語同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。B中多了一個謂語was，因為后面已經(jīng)有一個謂語動詞served， 一個句子中出現(xiàn)2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯; C中who多余，用法也不正確;D中of whom多余，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國內(nèi)閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任勞工部秘書。
2. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案：D
分析：When為狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞;語序應(yīng)該為正常語序，A，C錯;B語序混亂，明顯應(yīng)該用被動形式，而且有固定結(jié)構(gòu)add to.
參考譯文：當(dāng)把烘烤用粉加到面團(tuán)里加熱的時候，會釋放出二氧化碳，使得面團(tuán)漲開。
3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
答案：B
分析：to calculate，這里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主語，句子不完整。
參考譯文：遺傳學(xué)家運(yùn)用概率的理論來計算在后代中擁有相似特點(diǎn)個體占有的百分比。
補(bǔ)充： 如同A的形式， 逗號前面就是一個名詞短語， 然而正確的句子里， 名詞短語要么作為主語的同位語， 要么本身是主語， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成為錯誤。
4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
答案：C
分析：where引導(dǎo)狀語從句，后面缺主謂。
參考譯文：大型樂隊爵士依賴于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的樂器超過一個，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。
5. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
答案：D
分析：those是泛指，這里應(yīng)該用their來特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.
參考譯文：因為海藻們的不同特性，植物學(xué)家把他們分成7個不同的組別或分支。
6. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material， _________ of DNA and various types of protein.
A. consisting
B. as to consist
C. consist
D. which consisting
答案：A
分析：分詞作狀語。如果用consist的話，應(yīng)該用個conj.后面加個完整的句子。
參考譯文：染色體現(xiàn)今被認(rèn)為是主要的遺傳物質(zhì)攜帶者，這些遺傳物質(zhì)由DNA和各種各樣的蛋白質(zhì)組成。
7. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.
A. that normally
B. of which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
答案：A
分析：句中出現(xiàn)is和preys兩個謂語動詞，一定是個復(fù)合句;用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，pinniped為先行詞，that后為不完整句。
參考譯文：美洲虎海豹是僅有的捕食企鵝和其他海豹的鰭足類動物。
8. _________ “nova” means new， novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.
A. That
B. Why
C. Although
D. It is
答案：C
分析：空格后有2個完整句，空格處需要一個conj.
參考譯文：盡管nova意味著新的，但其實新星們是存在了很久而突然閃耀出光輝的恒星。
9. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________， Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.
A. Earth is
B. is from Earth
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth
答案：A
分析：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is后省略了from the Sun
參考譯文：因為火星比地球離太陽要遠(yuǎn)，火星繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)一圈的時間要比地球長。
10. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.
A. a complex network
B. how a complex network
C. a complex network and
D. a network that is complex
答案：A
分析：缺賓語。B中的從句只有主語，句子不完整，錯;C中and作為連詞，后面缺謂語，錯;D錯，因為of前應(yīng)該為名詞。
參考譯文：社會系統(tǒng)就是一個社會關(guān)系的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個網(wǎng)絡(luò)里把成員的行為方式向核心價值觀靠攏。
托福語法試題(二)
1. Bubbles， flaws， and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass， _________ the glass sparkle.
A. which making
B. and making
C. making
D. to making
答案：C
分析：空格前的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，這里的分詞作狀語。A中用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，而句中無謂語，錯;B中and作為連接詞，而and后的句子不完整，沒有謂語，錯;D錯，不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是to do.
參考譯文：氣泡，裂紋和其他的不規(guī)則會使光線穿過受損的玻璃時發(fā)散開，使得玻?遼練⒐狻?BR> 補(bǔ)充： stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃
2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.
A. there are large
B. large
C. either large
D. where large
答案：B
分析：A使得句中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，且中間無連接詞，錯;C應(yīng)該是either… or…結(jié)構(gòu)，但句中沒有出現(xiàn)or;D中where引導(dǎo)的句子不完整，錯。
參考譯文：霧通常在靠近大型內(nèi)陸水體和沿著溫和地帶邊緣的地方發(fā)生。
3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.
A. and a
B. so that a
C. a
D. is a
答案：C
分析：make結(jié)構(gòu)，make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
參考譯文：描述日常生活的民間藝術(shù)品使它們本身成為有價值的歷史來源。
4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics， the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
A. To prepare
B. As it prepared
C. When preparation
D. Prepared
答案：D
分析：由后半句可以知道句子的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是Consumer Price Index， 而且空格后是by，所以應(yīng)該用被動形式，只能選D.
參考譯文：消費(fèi)者價格索引是美國政府勞工統(tǒng)計部完成的，它把現(xiàn)在的物品價格跟以前的做了比較。
5. _________ carries the genes， which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.
A. The chromosome
B. The chromosome that
C. Whereas the chromosome
D. There is a chromosome
答案：A
分析：該句是非限制性定語從句，前半句已經(jīng)有謂語和賓語，缺主語，選A.
參考譯文：染色體攜帶了遺傳物質(zhì)，這些遺傳物質(zhì)決定了細(xì)胞和生物體的遺傳特性。
6. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.
A. Carbon reacting
B. Carbon reacts
C. The reaction of carbon
D. When carbon reacts
答案：B
分析：從句意來看，called在這里不是謂語動詞，而是分詞做后置定語：…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主語和謂語，選B.
參考譯文：碳直接跟大部分金屬反應(yīng)而形成碳化物的化合物。
7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere， but if they are moving _________， they can form a crater on impact.
A. enough fast
B. fast enough
C. so fast enough
D enough are fast
答案：B
分析：enough的用法，固定順序：adj.+enough
參考譯文：隕石受地球大氣阻擋而慢下來，但如果他們移動的足夠快，他們能在撞擊后形成一個大坑。
8. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland， an integral part of the endocrine system.
A. kidney which is
B. kidney is
C. kidney being
D. kidney
答案：B
分析：該句為簡單句，而且使用了倒裝形式，原句為：An adrenal gland， an integral part of the endocrine system is located at the upper end of each kidney.
參考譯文：腎上腺是內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)的一個完整的部分，它位于腎的上端。
9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.
A. easily corroded metals
B. metals are easily corroded
C. corroded metals that easily
D. how easily metals corroded
答案：A
分析：B中的are多余，否則句中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語，錯;C中的that引導(dǎo)定語從句，而從句缺謂語，錯;用法錯誤，of后一般接名詞。
參考譯文：75%的所有鎘金屬都用來對類似鐵、鋼的容易腐蝕的金屬進(jìn)行鎘鍍膜了。
10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter， the smallest particle of an element _________ into chemical combination.
A. that can enter
B. can it enter
C. when entering it can
D. that enters can
答案：A
分析：that引導(dǎo)定語從句，element為先行詞。the smallest particle of an element 是 a basic structural unit of matter的賓語同位語。
參考譯文：原子是物體的基本結(jié)構(gòu)單元，是元素形成化學(xué)組合特性的最小的顆粒。
托福語法試題(三)
1. All the major cities of the United States， ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico， began as centers of trade.
A. and to include
B. which including
C. included
D. including
答案：D
分析：兩個逗號之間是插入語，這里分詞作狀語，不能用謂語動詞。
參考譯文：包括大湖區(qū)和墨西哥峽谷的美國所有主要城市都是以貿(mào)易中心的模式發(fā)展起來的。
2. Settled by English Puritans in 1630， Boston became _________ .
A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital
C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
答案：A
分析：缺賓語。B語序混亂;C中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞，錯;D中became 仍然沒有賓語，so that 多余，錯。
參考譯文：波士頓在1963年被英國清教徒定址，并曾是馬薩諸塞州灣殖民地的首都。
3. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _________ they are heading.
A. the direction in which
B. to where the direction
C. that direction of which
D. where the direction
答案：A
分析：空格前缺賓語，空格后是個完整的句子，只有B能滿足。prep+which 作為介詞賓語，后面接完整的句子。
參考譯文：船和飛機(jī)的領(lǐng)航員通過指南針來確定他們航行的方向。
4. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.
A. what
B. in which
C. in whose
D. that
答案：B
分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，選項中優(yōu)先選擇prep+which.prep+which 作為介詞賓語，后面接完整的句子。
參考譯文：冷凝器是一種熱交換器，蒸氣或水汽在里面失去熱量，變回液體狀態(tài)。
5. Published in 1957， John Cheever's first novel， The Wapshot Chronicle， earned _________ the National Book Award.
A. that he had
B. him
C. was his
D. to him
答案：B
分析：雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：sth. Earn sb sth. 類似的還有g(shù)ain/win
參考譯文：John Cheever的第一部小說The Wapshot Chronicle于1957年，并為他贏得全國圖書獎。
6. As seen from the Earth at night， _________ planet Jupiter ranks third among the planets and stars in maximum brightness， after Venus and Mars.
A. when the
B. in which the
C. the
D. and the
答案：C
分析：空格后句子完整，此處缺限定詞。
參考譯文：晚上從地球上看去，行星木星在行星恒星最大亮度等級中排名第三，排在金星和火星的后面。
7. _________ produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is used extensively in advertising displays.
A. Neon that
B. When neon
C. Neon
D. There is neon
答案：C
分析：缺主語。A中that多余;B中When多余，D中出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞。
參考譯文：氖能在真空管里釋放出深紅色的光芒，并被廣泛的在廣告顯像里應(yīng)用。
8. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short， wet winters followed by long， dry summers.
A. are trees and shrubs
B. how trees and shrubs
C. trees and shrubs have
D. trees and shrubs
答案：D
分析：of 后接名詞，首先排除A和B.C中有個動詞have， 后半句中有動詞follow， 兩句之間沒有連接詞，一定錯。
參考譯文：叢林由樹和灌木組成，短的、潮濕的冬天和隨后的長的干燥的夏天阻礙了它們的生長。
9. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United States policy concerning the activities and rights of European powers in North and South America.
A. when a statement
B. as a statement
C. a statement
D. to a statement
答案：C
分析：缺賓語。A，B，D中的when， as， to 多余。
參考譯文：1982年的門羅主義是針對南北美歐洲集權(quán)的行為和權(quán)利的美國政策的表述。
10. _________ to stand in a warm place， it sours because of the presence of bacteria that convert milk sugar into acid.
A. When milk is allowed
B. When is milk allowed
C. Milk， when allowed
D. When milk allowed
答案：A
分析：B不應(yīng)該使用倒裝;C：如果是插入語的話，后半句中不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)it;D中由句意allow應(yīng)該使用被動形式。
參考譯文：當(dāng)牛奶持續(xù)的放在溫暖的地方，細(xì)菌的出現(xiàn)把牛奶的糖轉(zhuǎn)化成酸，因此它就發(fā)酸了。
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