考研英語備考重點(diǎn)的翻譯技巧
我們在準(zhǔn)備考研英語的備考時(shí)，有很多重點(diǎn)的翻譯技巧需要我們?nèi)フ莆铡Ｐ【帪榇蠹揖臏?zhǔn)備了考研英語備考重點(diǎn)的翻譯方法，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語翻譯技巧：巧妙利用詞義的引申
引申是指從原詞的內(nèi)在含義出發(fā)，結(jié)合語境和譯入語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，在譯文中對某些詞作一定的語義調(diào)整，以達(dá)到忠實(shí)、通順的目的。英譯漢時(shí)常常會遇到許多單詞，按詞典上給的詞義來翻譯，譯文就會生硬難懂，甚至造成意思上的曲解。因此，需對詞義進(jìn)行必要的變動，引申出能表達(dá)詞語內(nèi)在含義的新的表達(dá)方式。 引申既可化具體為抽象，也可化抽象為具體。
(1)具體———抽象
經(jīng)典例題: Were it left to an American to decide whether they should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government，he should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
參考譯文: 如果讓一個(gè)美國人決定要沒有言論自由的政府還是要言論自由而無政府的國家，他會毫不猶豫地選擇后者。
經(jīng)典例題: There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.
分析: bottleneck本指“瓶頸”，由于具有使緩慢和阻滯的效果，因而被抽象地引申為“限制”。參考譯文: 過去有過這種情況: 移民限制極為嚴(yán)格，不許任何人出于個(gè)人考慮而遷居他國。
(2)抽象———具體
經(jīng)典例題: While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
參考譯文: 幾乎每個(gè)史學(xué)家對史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家們的觀點(diǎn)都趨向于認(rèn)為史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)并闡明過去發(fā)生的重大事件。(1999年真題)
經(jīng)典例題: When the Jones were little，they were forbidden to set foot there，because of the revolting language and of what they might catch.
參考譯文: 瓊斯家里的人，小時(shí)候是不允許走進(jìn)那里的，生怕學(xué)到一些下流話，或沾染上什么毛病。
經(jīng)典例題: All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment. 參考譯文: 那所大學(xué)的學(xué)生做出的任何越軌行為都會受到處罰。
考研英語翻譯沖刺點(diǎn)撥：賓語從句翻譯技巧
賓語從句翻譯法
由that, what, how, where等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般按照原文順序翻譯,即順譯法。
Eg:
Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科學(xué)家們有理由認(rèn)為人可以忍受遠(yuǎn)超過0.1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害。
Eg:
We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司專門辦理中國紡織品出口業(yè)務(wù)，并愿在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上同貴公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。
狀語從句翻譯法
1)順譯法:按照原文順序翻譯。
Eg:
If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.如果富國和窮國之間的談判獲得進(jìn)展的話，就打算在12月份安排召開部長級會議。
2)逆譯法:把位于句末的從句放在句首。
Eg:
Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.顯然，如果計(jì)算機(jī)給出的全部答案均需要核查，花錢買計(jì)算機(jī)就毫無意義。不過，人們也應(yīng)該信賴自身內(nèi)部的計(jì)算能力，在認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)有問題時(shí)進(jìn)行復(fù)查。
3)分譯法:有時(shí)也可以譯為并列句。
Eg: Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldn’t develop without it.電是一種非常重要的能量，沒有它，現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)就不能發(fā)展。(原文由such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句譯為漢語的并列句)。
考研搞定英語翻譯的有效方法
(一) 同義反譯法
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧間只有三個(gè)顧客還沒有走。
(不譯：“還留著”或“還呆在那里”)
2. I'll be here for good this time.
這一次我再也不走了。
(不譯：“永遠(yuǎn)在此呆下去”)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的時(shí)候，別讓爐子滅了。
(不譯：“我外出時(shí)，請讓爐子繼續(xù)燒著”)
4. “Wait, he is serious.”
等等，他不是說著玩兒的。
(不譯：“等等，他是認(rèn)真的。”)
5. “Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!”
聽我說，克拉拉，對這孩子可不能心軟。
(不譯：“……對這孩子要堅(jiān)定”)
(二) 刪減解釋詞
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看見那些黑白混血的女郎，一定會注意到她們十之八九都有那種獨(dú)特的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度、那種溫柔的聲音和文靜的舉止。
(三) 短句拆譯
“ …on one sunshiny morning in June , …”
在六月里的一天早上，天氣晴朗……
(四) 譯詞推陳出新
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocality, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.
原譯：當(dāng)他可以大膽行動的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己除了一個(gè)情人所具有的那種普通的害怕之外，心里還充滿懷疑、顧慮和躊躇。
改譯：等到他不妨放膽去追求的時(shí)候，他卻遲疑不定，顧慮重重。至于一般墮入情網(wǎng)的人那種常有的提心吊膽的心理，那就更是難免的了。
(五) 解釋性添詞
“George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon,” said Mrs. Bagnet.
“喬治，我真替你害臊﹗喬治，想不到你會干出這種事情來﹗俗話說得好：滾著的.碌碡不長苔，流浪的漢子不攢財(cái)。我早知道你就是這么一個(gè)流浪漢﹗可真沒有想到你連貝格納特和孩子們靠它過活的那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)財(cái)也騙走”，貝格納特太太說道。
(六) 詞無定譯
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditi.
我們根本不必追問政府是否根據(jù)刑法或民法對范德比爾特提出起訴。范德比爾特不僅逍遙法外，而且在兩年后又以極其兇狠的手段對政府進(jìn)行過一次巨大的詐騙。
(七) 精煉譯詞
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原譯：走路的姿態(tài)不知甚么時(shí)候開始給人一種莊重的印象。
改譯：走起路來，不覺平添了幾分尊嚴(yán)。
(八) 刪削“When”字
1. When he saw me, he was startled.
他看見我，嚇了一大跳。
(不譯：當(dāng)他看見我的時(shí)候……)
2. “When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?”
“你那些女黑奴哭得那么傷心，你還拿鞭子沒頭沒腦的抽，把她們打得死去活來，那有什么用呢?”
(不譯：當(dāng)你那些女黑奴哭得那么傷心的時(shí)候，你還拿鞭子……)
(九) 感嘆詞的不同譯法
1. “O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!”
“Why, Eva, your room is full now.”
“媽媽，別這樣﹗我喜歡這些花，把花給我吧，我要﹗ ”
“得了吧，伊娃，你屋里的花都滿了。”
2. “Well, that's odd!” said Marie. “What in the world do you want that for?”
“喲，真是怪事﹗”瑪利說，“你干嘛非要這個(gè)不可?”
(十) 順拆法
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelatihip between economic, social and demographic factors.
原譯：他的代表團(tuán)同意執(zhí)行主任關(guān)于該基金會應(yīng)繼續(xù)為更好地了解經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和人口的相互關(guān)系而努力的意見。
改譯：他的代表團(tuán)同意執(zhí)行主任的意見，認(rèn)為該基金會應(yīng)繼續(xù)努力， 以求更好地了解經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和人口這三方面的相互關(guān)系。
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