考研英語一細節(jié)題的解題技巧
我們在進行考研英語一的細節(jié)題復(fù)習(xí)時，需要掌握好一些解題的技巧。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語一細節(jié)題的解題秘訣，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語一細節(jié)題的解題方法
【解題方法】題干+選項精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1、找題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章(題干的關(guān)鍵詞一般會定位到文章的某句或者相連的兩句中)
2、將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2012年Text1
22、Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers' experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer、Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology、"Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in、Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1 題干定位：段落的最后一句
Rosenberg--- Rosenberg
holds---argues
that---that
public-health advocates--- public-health advocates
should---ought to
因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
2 選項定位
答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience
learn from---take a page from 表"學(xué)習(xí)"。
experience---skilled 表示"有經(jīng)驗的，很嫻熟的"。
考研英語一推斷題解題技巧
【解題方法】找段落中心句
尋找段落中心句方法：
第一、邏輯上出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系的句子(轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示詞的句子);
第二、有明確表示觀點的路標指引詞(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)
第三、含有情態(tài)動詞的句子(should, must…)
第四、含有特殊標點的句子(冒號、破折號、引號、括號)
第五、特殊句型(疑問句、倒裝句、強調(diào)句、省略句)
第六、平鋪直敘段落中，注意首末句
【解題步驟】
1、根據(jù)題干，尋找該段落中心句
2、正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
【例題】2009年Text4
37、It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect、But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances、The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、尋找段落中心句(轉(zhuǎn)折處)
But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.
2、正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
New Englanders--- the original Puritans
brought with ---carriers
them---the original puritans
the culture---culture
old world---European
考研英語一主旨題解題技巧
【解題方法】1串線法 2主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法 3框架法
【解題步驟】
1、找出段落中心句或者主題詞
2、串聯(lián)各段段落中心句，合并同類項，即可得出全文主旨
【例題】2008年Text 1
25、Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category、"Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr、Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions、In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress、"It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well、It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr、Yehuda、"Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."
Dr、Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes、"I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature、Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress、Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence、The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals、The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college、"I struggled a lot to get the college degree、I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother、"It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt、I lived from paycheck to paycheck."
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes、But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain、Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、總結(jié)每段中心
Para1 女性比男性壓力大
Para2 從生物角度而言，女性比男性壓力大
Para3 現(xiàn)實中，女性比男性壓力大
Para4 女性和男性面對的壓力的不同特點
Para5 舉例論證女性壓力的特點
Para6 女性壓力的現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)對建議
2.合并同類項，即可得出全文主旨
Para1 women men stress
Para2 women men stress
Para3 women men stress
Para4 women men stress
Para5 women stress
Para6 women stress
Para1-Para4 women men stress(兩性壓力不平等)
Para5-Para6 women stress(壓力下的女性)
正確答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
拓展：新題型之七選五解題思路
新題型七選五試題模式為：給出一篇缺少5個句子或段落的文章，對應(yīng)有七個選項，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子或段落，填入相應(yīng)的空白處。
一、先看選項
跟完形填空不一樣，七選五的答案選項較少，因此，我們可以通過句段的完整性或者句子后面的標點符號來判斷其在文章中的'位置。另外，通過閱讀選項，有可能找出跟其他選項表達完全不同意思的句子或段落，這樣的話我們就可以直接將該選項排除。
二、再看空前空后
由于七選五空出的是整個句子或段落，而這些句段之間，必然有一種聯(lián)系，因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者邏輯相關(guān)性來確定這兩個句段之間有一種關(guān)聯(lián)性。
三、注意代詞或定冠詞
在做這類題目的時候，一定要注意文中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞或者指示代詞。通過代詞在句子中所做的成分我們可以推斷出它指代的內(nèi)容，我們要做的就是從選項中找出含有相應(yīng)內(nèi)容的句段。
四、注意特殊疑問詞
如果選項中或空前出現(xiàn)特殊疑問詞，一定要把這句話仔細讀幾遍，因為對于不同特殊疑問詞的回答方式是不一樣的，比如對why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的詞。
五、注意關(guān)系連詞
如一些表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，but，however，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外還有一些表示并列關(guān)系的連詞如and，also，aswellas，neithernor等。通過不同的連詞我們可以推知句段與句段之間不同的邏輯關(guān)系，從而找出在最符合行文邏輯的正確選項。
新題型之段落排序解題方法
段落排序是近年來考研英語新題型中的一種，主要是挑選一篇五百到六百詞匯量的文章，將各段落順序打亂，要求考生梳理出正確的邏輯關(guān)系，將段落排序。
一、閱讀給定段落
理解給定的段落內(nèi)容，了解文章是圍繞何話題、何對象展開。閱讀過程中要著重留意一些關(guān)鍵詞句，如：段落中間若有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，要關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折詞及其所在句子；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞則應(yīng)看段首句、第二句及段尾句；重點關(guān)注名詞、代詞等。
二、判斷文章體裁
給定文章無非為記敘文、議論文或說明文三類，文章的體裁決定了文章本身的有一定的敘述和展開方式可循。準確判斷文章體裁，把握住該類文章的典型結(jié)構(gòu)就能在段落排序時輕松許多。下面列出以上三類文章的常見結(jié)構(gòu)作為大家排序時的依據(jù)：
1、議論文
1、議題問題原因?qū)Σ?/p>
2、議題問題對策結(jié)論（未來）
3、議題問題對策結(jié)論（過去）
4、反面話題駁斥觀點原因觀點展望未來
2、說明文
1、積極事物優(yōu)點缺點展望未來
2、消極事物缺點優(yōu)點回顧過去
3、記敘文
按照時間先后順序排序，主要留意時間，時態(tài)和動作。
三、聚焦邏輯關(guān)系
一篇文章的記敘或說明往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，或是依照事件發(fā)展的先后順序，或者是按照因果順序、遞進關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、定義關(guān)系等等。這些邏輯關(guān)系是有一定的詞匯規(guī)律的，以下是做題時應(yīng)重點留意的、象征邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞：
1、因果關(guān)系：標志詞匯有for,because,since,therefore等;
2、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：標志詞匯有but,yet,although,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,instead等;
3、并列遞進關(guān)系：標志詞匯有and,indeed,also,besides,similarly,like,accordingly,inthesameway,meanwhile,furthermore,moreover等;
4、解釋關(guān)系：標志詞匯有thatis,thatistosay,forexample,suchas,namely,inotherwords等。
四、通讀全文檢查
在完成排序后，一定要拋棄之前解題時頭腦中的主觀認識，以盡量客觀的視角通讀全文，感知文章是否通順，是否存在內(nèi)容上的跳躍，邏輯上的硬傷等。
新題型之小標題選擇提分
小標題選擇也是近年來考研英語中出現(xiàn)的新題型之一。針對一篇長度約為450~550詞的文章給定6~7個概括句或小標題，從這6~7個選項中選出最恰當?shù)?個填入文章段落前的空白處。
解題技巧：
小標題的解題技巧主要集中在段落和小標題關(guān)聯(lián)性的比對上：
1、關(guān)注段落首句、第二句，看是否有沒有關(guān)鍵詞和短語和待選小標題的詞相同，若有，列為重點，再進一步比對詳細內(nèi)容；
2、快速掃視段落，有無某詞或事物反復(fù)提到多次，再看該詞或該事物是否有在小標題中出現(xiàn)，若有，則列為重點，再進一步比對詳細內(nèi)容；
3、若前面兩項都沒有，則回到段落首末句，看看小標題中出現(xiàn)了首末句重點詞的同義替換表達，若有，則該項就是答案。
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