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魯教版初一英語上冊unit1重點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)
總結(jié)是對某一階段的工作、學(xué)習(xí)或思想中的經(jīng)驗或情況進(jìn)行分析研究的書面材料，它在我們的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中起到呈上啟下的作用，快快來寫一份總結(jié)吧�？偨Y(jié)怎么寫才是正確的呢？下面是小編收集整理的魯教版初一英語上冊unit1重點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)，希望對大家有所幫助。
重點(diǎn)語法
1.–他看起來長得怎么樣?
--What does he look like?(有l(wèi)ook，用does/do)
--他很高，而且他有短的卷頭發(fā)。
--He is very tall,and he has short curly hair.
�、偻x句：
--What is he like?(只有l(wèi)ike，用is)(用is，like翻譯問“像”)
區(qū)別：
--What does he like?他喜歡什么?(用does，like翻譯為“喜歡”)
�、趨^(qū)別比較：
(1)他是中等高度/身材：
He is of medium height/build.(是of,前用be動詞)
(2)他有中等高度/身材：
He has a medium height/build.(是a,前用have/has)
2.她有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)胖：
She is a little bit/heavy.(heavy是形容詞，前用be動詞)
①一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)+形容詞：a little/bit+形容詞=alittle+形容詞=abit+形容詞;
�、谝稽c(diǎn)點(diǎn)+名詞：a little+名詞=a bit of+名詞;
如：
His hair is a little long.=His hair is a bit long.
He can speak a little English.=He can speak a bit of English.
3.①They are talking about the tall boy with curly hair.(with翻譯為“有著”)(句中已經(jīng)有了動詞talking about，表達(dá)“有著”不能再用動詞has)
�、诒容^：
The tall boy has curly hair.(無They are talking about,表達(dá)“有著”用動詞has)
練：
(1)Jim lives in a small house_________(有著)an interesting garden.
(2)Do you remember John,a pop singer__________(戴著)funny glasses?
(3)Do you know the tall man_________(有著)a big nose?
4.她從不停止講話：She never stop stalking.
�、倬湫停和Ｖ棺瞿呈拢簊top doing sth
�、诰湫停和Ｏ聛砣プ瞿呈拢簊top to do sth
練：
(1)Class is over.Lets stop___________(have)arest.
(2)The teacher is coming.Lets stop__________(talk).
(3)–I feel tired and sleepy.
–Whynotstop__________(relax)?
(4)Ifyou’retired,youcanstop_________(work).
(5)Stop_________(talk).Listen to me,please.
5.他不再戴眼鏡了：He doesnt wear glasses any more.
詞組：不再…：not…any more
詞組：戴眼鏡：wear glasses
穿一條紅色的裙子：wear a red dress
穿著某種顏色的衣服：in+顏色
如：Do you know the boy in black?
6.沒有人知道我：No body knows me.
語法：
some one,somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody均表示“三單”，與之搭配使用的動詞也要變“三單”。
如：
(1)Everyone in my class__________(know)this smart teacher.
(2)Do you think everyone__________(enjoy)their weekends?
(3)Everyone in our class_______the weekend.
A.enjoysB.enjoyC.enjoyedD.enjoying
7.在七年級五班：in Class Five,Grade Seven(班級、年級、數(shù)字的“首字母”均需大寫)
8.籃球隊的隊長：the cap tain of the basketball team(有of，需要倒翻)
�、儆小吧钡臇|西，表示“的”用s
如：He is my fathers friend.
②無“生命”的東西，表示“的”用of.
如：Here is a photo of my family.
形容人的“外貌特征”的名詞和形容詞
序號跟在be后(be+形容詞)跟在have/has后(have/has+名詞)
1是高的/矮的istall/short有長/短頭發(fā)havelong/short hair
2是中等高度is of medium height有直/卷頭發(fā)have straight/curly hair
3是胖的/瘦的is heavy/fat,thin有黑/黃頭發(fā)have black/yellow hair
4是中等身材is of medium build have+長短+直卷+顏色+hair
5是長的/短的is long/short have a medium height/build來源
6是漂亮/丑陋的is beautiful/ugly have(two)big eyes
7是可愛的iscute有一張圓臉：have around face
10.受某人的歡迎：be popular with sb受歡迎的：popular對某人友好：
be friendly to sb友好的：friendly
11.講笑話：tell a joke,tell jokes講故事：tell stories開玩笑：play a joke,play jokes
開某人的玩笑：play jokes on sb
12.有一副新的面貌：have a new look
(此處的look作“名詞”)
時間的表達(dá)法
(1)直讀式，即直接讀出時間數(shù)字
7: 05 sevenfive 8:16 eight sixteen
(2)過、差式，即幾點(diǎn)差幾分，幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)
1:25 twenty-five pastone 2:30 halfpast two
3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小時制
6:00 a.m.上午6點(diǎn)8:20 p.m.下午8點(diǎn)20分
(4)24小時制
13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘22:15 22點(diǎn)15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter pastfour 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)時間前通常用介詞at
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
二、關(guān)于時間的問法
(1)以when提問,“什么時候”可以是較長的時間段，也可以是較短的時間點(diǎn)，如：
�、賅hen is your birthday?你的生日是什么時候?
�、贛y birthday is Dec. 29th.我的生日是12月29日。
這里就是指一天的時間段
�、賅hen do you go home?你幾點(diǎn)回家?
�、贗 go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午4：30回家.
這里when問的是具體的時間。
(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問，如：
�、賅hat time is it now?/Whats the time now?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
Its 9:26.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。
�、赪hat time is it by your watch?你手表幾點(diǎn)了?
Its 8:36. Oh,Its50 minutes late. 8:36，哦，它慢了50分鐘。
�、踂hat time do you get up?你幾點(diǎn)起床?
I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上6點(diǎn)起床。
短語歸納
1. post office郵局
2. police station警察局
3. pay phone付費(fèi)電話
4. Bridge Street橋街
5. Center Street中心大街
6. Long Street長街
7. near here附近
8. across from在……對面
9. next to挨著，靠近
10. between…and…在……和……之間
11. in front of在……前面
12. excuse me勞駕
13. far from離……遠(yuǎn)
14. go along…沿著……走
15. turn right/left向右/左轉(zhuǎn)
16. on the(或ones) right/left在(某人的)右邊/左邊
17. in my neighborhood在我的街區(qū)
18. look like看起來像
19. in life一生中
20. be free 免費(fèi)的/有空的
用法集萃
1. Turn right / left at the +序數(shù)詞+ crossing.在第幾個路口向右/左轉(zhuǎn)。
2. spend +時間/金錢+ on sth.花費(fèi)時間/金錢在......
spend +時間/ +金錢(in) doing sth.花費(fèi)時間/金錢做某事
3. watch sb. doing觀看某人正在做某事
4. enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事
典句必背
1. —Is there a hospital near here?這附近有醫(yī)院嗎?
—Yes,there is. Its on Bridge Street.是的，有。它在橋街上。
2. —Oh… wheres Center Street?噢……中心大街在哪里?
—Its not too far from here.它離這兒不太遠(yuǎn)。
3. Go along Long Street and its on the right.沿著長街走，它在右邊。
4. Turn right at the first crossing.在第一個十字路口向右轉(zhuǎn)。
初一英語知識重點(diǎn)
一、in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree與on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹上"但英語中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西)落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時，要使用on the tree.如：
There are some apples on the tree.那棵樹上有些蘋果。
There is a bird in the tree.那棵樹上有只鳥。
二、 some/ any
(1)some和any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要
注意。
some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如：
There is some water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass?
There isnt any water in the glass.
(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中，或在表示請求，邀請的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如：
Would you like some tea?
三、tall/ high
(1)說人，動物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如
a tall woman一個高個子婦女
a tall horse一個高大的馬
(2)說一個不與地面接觸的人和物的高時，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時，飛機(jī)飛上天時，例如：
He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在樹上。
The plane is so high in the sky.飛機(jī)在空中這么高。
(3)指建筑物、山時要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。
(4)high可作副詞，tall不能。
(5)tall的反義詞為short,high的反義詞為low.
動詞
一、 重點(diǎn)語法
1. 動詞be（am,is,are）的用法：
be動詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。
�、俚谝蝗朔Q單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。句型解析析：I am+? 例句：I am Snoopy.
I am ten years old. I am a student. I am a boy.
�、诘诙朔Q(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+? 例句：You are my good friend.
You are a good teacher. You are beautiful ③第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +?? 例句：She is a good girl.
She is so tall. She is short. ④人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +?? 例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.
They are my friends. You are good students.
用法口訣：
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。
對應(yīng)練習(xí)：
一. 用括號中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。
1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia. 2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.
3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends. 4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.
5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York? 6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news? 7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it.
8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us. 一、用be 動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao shans shirt _______ over there.
第二課時（1）英語人稱代詞和物主代詞
一、人稱代詞
表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞，叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表：
人稱代詞主格：作主語，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。
I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.
人稱代詞賓格作賓語，表示動作行為的對象。 Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)
二、物主代詞
表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。
形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞
而名詞性物主代詞則相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如： Is this your book?
No,，it isnt， its hers(her book) This pen is mine.
代詞練習(xí)（一）
一、選出括號中正確的詞，在正確的詞上打勾。
1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）
二、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。
1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.
4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.
5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.
6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) fathers students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?
8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).
10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.
三、單項選擇。
�。� ）1. My family ____ a big family. My family ____all here.
A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is
（ ）2. This is __________.
A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family
C. a familys picture D. a family of my picture
�。� ）3. Lets __________ good friends.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
�。� ）4. Is she your aunt? Yes, __________.
A. shes B. her is C. she is D. he is
�。� ）5. Are __________ coats yours? Yes, they are .
A. they B. these C. this D. there
�。� ）6. Is that __________ uncle? No, it isnt
A. he B. she C. her D. hers
�。� ）7. Mrs. Green is __________ grandmother. A. Jim and Kate B. Jim and Kates
C. Jims and Kates D. Jim and Kates’
�。� ）8. Do you know the name _____Mr. Greens son?
A. in B. of C. on D. or
�。� ）9. __________ the great photo of your family. A. thank for B. Thanks for
C. Thank for D. thanks for
�。� ）10. Are those your friends? __________. A. Yes, they’re B. No, they are
C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are
代詞練習(xí)（二）
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空
1．We like ________ (he, his , him) very much. 2．Is this guitar ________ (you, your, yours)? 3．________(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.
4．Father bought a desk for ________ (I, my, me, mine). 5．________ (It, Its, Its) is very cold today. 6．Is this your book, Mike?
Yes ,________(we, you, they )are. 7．Are you and Tom classmates? Yes, ________(we, you ,they )are.
8．Each of the students ________( have, has) a pen pal. 9．He has a dog. I want to have ________(it, one ),too. 10．Her parents are ________ (both, all ,either )teachers.
11．The text is easy for you .There are ________( few, a few ,little,
a little) new words in it .
12．I want ________( some, any) bananas. Give me these big ________
(one, ones).
二、選擇正確的答案
1．Is this ________ book?
A．you B．I C．she D．your
2．Its a bird. ________ name is Polly.
A．Its B．Its C．His D．It
3．Whats that ?________ a jeep.
A．its B．Its C．Its D．its
4．Whats that in English? ________.
A．Its egg B．Thats egg C．Its a egg D．Its an egg
5．Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _______? A．cats B．one C．ones D．cats
現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：
一)一般在后加ing。
如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。
如：dance-dancing,wake-waking（叫醒、醒來），take-taking（拿、取、接收），practice [pr?ktis實(shí)習(xí)、練習(xí)] -practicing,write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母加一個輔音字母
要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。
如：put-putting, run-running,get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
注意：要除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)
四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。
如：tie-tying系（系領(lǐng)結(jié)）die-dying死lie-lying位于
名詞
一、名詞(n.) 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞
(一)名詞的分類
名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞,其中普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。
可數(shù)名詞包括個體名詞(表示一類人或物的個體。如：boy,desk,cat,window)和集體名詞(由若干
個體組成的集合體。如：family,class,police)。
不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的實(shí)物。如：water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名詞(表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)
專有名詞表示個人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)
(二)名詞的數(shù)
1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種：
(1)一般情況下,在詞尾加s.
eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys
以輕輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后的s的讀音為[s]，以濁輔音和元音結(jié)尾名詞后的s讀音為〔z〕。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,要在詞尾加es.
eg.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es讀音為〔iz〕
(3)以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾的名詞,先變y為i,再加es.
eg.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,
strawberry——strawberries(ies讀音為[iz])
(注：以―元音字母+y‖結(jié)尾的詞，直接在詞尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)
(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時情況如下：
①,.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes, hero—heroes negro ——negroes mongo——mongoesp
�、诮Y(jié)尾是兩個元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio——radios ③某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù)時詞尾加s,eg. piano—pianos
�、芤恍┟~的縮寫形式變復(fù)數(shù)時，詞尾加s,
eg.photo(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos
�、輟ero變復(fù)數(shù)時，既可加s,也可加 eg.zeros/zeroes
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,先把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加es.
eg.wife——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res讀音為[vz]
(注意：roof的復(fù)數(shù)為roofs; scarf的復(fù)數(shù)為scarfs/scarves)
(6)有些名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時，不是在詞尾加s或es,而是變換其中的字
eg.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth,
child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)
(7)還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。
eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish
(8)另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。
eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
另外,①當(dāng)一個名詞作定語說明另一個名詞時，這個名詞一般用單數(shù)。
eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister 但是，當(dāng)man和woman作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，就要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
eg.two men teachers,three women doctors
②可用―量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)‖這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。
eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils
2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，它的―量‖的表示方式如下。
(1)表不定數(shù)量時,一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等詞修飾。 eg,much money,a little bread
(2)表確定數(shù)量時,一般用―數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如：two/three/…+量詞復(fù)數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)名詞。
eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water
3.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。
eg： fruit水果——fruits表示不同種類的水果;food食物——foods各種食品;fish魚——fishes魚的種類;drink飲料、酒——a drink一杯/一份飲料、一杯酒; cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙——sands沙灘; tea茶——a tea一杯茶;chicken雞肉——a chicken小雞;orange橘汁——an orange橘子; glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼鏡; paper紙——a paper試卷、論文;wood木頭——a wood小森林;room空間、余地——a room房間
(三)名詞的所有格(表示人或物的所屬關(guān)系)
(1)有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國家等的名詞所有格。 ①不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時，在詞尾加s.
eg.Mikes watch;Womens Day
�、谝詓結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時,只加’。
eg.teachers’office,students’rooms
�、蹆蓚�或兩個以上名詞并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一個名詞后加s.
eg.Tom and Mikes room湯姆和邁克的房間(表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房) ④兩個或兩個以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個名詞后都加s.
eg.Marys and Jennys bikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車(表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車)
(2)無生命的事物的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)
eg.a map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room
(3)特殊形式
�、倏捎胹和of短語表示的名詞所有格
eg.the boys name=the nameOf the boy(男孩的名字)
the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)
Chinas population=the population Of China(中國的人口)
Chinas capital=the capital of China(中國的首都)
�、陔p重所有格
eg.a fiendof my mothers我媽媽的一個朋友
a picture of Toms湯姆的一張圖片
初中英語語法名詞的知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望對于同學(xué)們的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助和裨益，祝大家的學(xué)習(xí)越來越好!
初中英語語法歸納：連詞
初中英語學(xué)習(xí)最難的是語法，因為英語的語法跟漢語的語法有很大的不同。初中英語連詞有很多種。下面為大家講解一下初中英語連詞的用法。
連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。
第一類表示并列關(guān)系的連詞
并列連詞：并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。
1) and 和
判斷改錯：
(錯) They sat down and talk about something.
(錯) They started to dance and sang.
(錯) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(對) They sat down and talked about something.
(對) They started to dance and sing.
(對)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：
第一句： and 連接兩個并列的謂語，所以 talk 應(yīng)改為 talked。
第二句：and 連接兩個并列的動詞不定式，第二個不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應(yīng)改為 sing。
第三句：and 連接感觀動詞saw 后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。
注意：1. and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。(or也有此用法) Make up your mind, and youll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, youll get the chance.
One more effort, and youll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, youll succeed
2, A and B 當(dāng)表示整體或者指同一人時謂語動詞用單數(shù), 當(dāng)and連接的單數(shù)名詞前分別有each，every，many等詞修飾時，謂語也用單數(shù)。
bread and butter a knife and fork
The mother and teacher is very strict with her son.
No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.
3. and連接的是兩個相同意思的詞，表示―漸漸‖，或加強(qiáng)語氣
Read it again and again
2) both …and 兩者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3) neither…nor 意思為"既不……也不……"謂語動詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
4) not only…but (also)不但······而且······
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意： not only… but also 關(guān)聯(lián)兩個分句時，一個分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
5) as well as 以及，也，與···同樣
The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.
比較and和or
1) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2) 但有時and 也可用于否定句。請注意其不同特點(diǎn)：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。
第二類表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞
1) or 意思為"或則"。
Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ?
2) either…or 意思為"或者……或者 ……"。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。 Either you or I am right.
3) or else/ otherwise 否則
Be silent, or else you will be kicked out.
I am tired, otherwise, I would play.
第三類表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞
1) but 但是 He is rich but unhappy.
while 然而，表示對比意味 Some people love cats, while others hate them. yet 然而 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
however 然而，可是，不過 She does not like him, however, I like him.
2) not…but… 意思為"不是 ……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 第四類表因果關(guān)系的連詞
1) for 因為，做并列連詞使用時，是在對先行的句子補(bǔ)述原因或者理由，只可以連接句子與句子，通常不置于句首。
He is absent today, for he is ill.
2) so, therefore 因此
He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.
I think, therefore I am
3)then 那么，因而
Hide behind the wall, then they wont see you.
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