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GRE英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析
如果句子只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),句子各個(gè)成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)表示。下面就與大家分享一下GRE英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析,一起來(lái)看看吧!
GRE英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析 1
My point is that its central consciousnessits profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on peoples livesowes much to that earlier literary heritage,a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
譯文:我的論點(diǎn)是,其作品的中心意識(shí)它將階級(jí)和性別作為人們生活的決定性影響而作出的深邃理解在很大程度上借鑒了那個(gè)早期的文學(xué)遺產(chǎn),而這一遺產(chǎn)就總體而言還尚未獲得大多數(shù)當(dāng)代文學(xué)評(píng)論家的足夠重視。
解釋:賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被長(zhǎng)插入語(yǔ)分開(kāi),造成閱讀障礙。插入語(yǔ)中有一個(gè)固定搭配understanding of A as B,是把A理解成B的.意思。不過(guò)本句中as的賓語(yǔ)不容易理解:shaping influences on peoples lives可以理解成形成了對(duì)人們生活的影響也可以理解成對(duì)人們生活的塑造性影響。當(dāng)然后面的理解是正確的,然而在閱讀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)想要在瞬間做出正確判斷,還有賴于考生的閱讀理解力和詞匯功底的深淺。插入語(yǔ)后面還有一個(gè)固定搭配:A owes much to B,指前者有很多東西是來(lái)自于后者,得益于后者的。
意群訓(xùn)練:My point is that its central consciousnessits profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on peoples livesowes much to that earlier literary heritage,a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
GRE英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析 2
例如: Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner’s spell.這句話的中文意思是從本世紀(jì)初到本世紀(jì)中葉從事寫(xiě)作的小說(shuō)家和歷史學(xué)家只要描寫(xiě)婦女,就會(huì)描述西部婦女,而且都被特納迷住。這句話的主干是Most novelists and historians fell under Turner’s spell.其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)間被writing引導(dǎo)的修飾用的短語(yǔ),一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的用于修飾Most novelists and historians的定語(yǔ)從句,和在這個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)從句所分割開(kāi)來(lái)。
當(dāng)然有時(shí)還會(huì)存在這樣的情況,即同位語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的分割是為了照顧句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡或突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。
例如:After Galileo’s work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.這句話的中文意思是在伽利略著作之后,這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)加強(qiáng)了,即認(rèn)為存在著支配物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的普遍規(guī)律,這些規(guī)律不僅支配著地球上的.而且也支配著天體上的物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)。在這句話中the feeling和that引導(dǎo)的從句被分割。
此外,還有定語(yǔ)(或定語(yǔ)從句)與中心詞被分割;某些詞與其所要求的介詞被分割;動(dòng)詞與其賓語(yǔ)被分割等等許多情況?傊,英語(yǔ)的分割遵循的是尾重原則,即將長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的成分放在句末,從而使結(jié)構(gòu)平衡均勻,以避免主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)部分太短),和句尾信息焦點(diǎn)原則,即把新信息(往往是語(yǔ)義的重點(diǎn))放在句子末尾。所以閱讀時(shí)一定要注意先找出句子主干來(lái),再來(lái)分析句子的其他部分。
A contiguous zone is an area extending seaward from the territorial sea in which the coastal or island nation may exercise the control necessary to prevent or punish infringement of its customs, along with its fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws and regulations that occur within its territory or territorial sea (but not for so-called security purposes)。
句子解析:這句話的主干部分十分簡(jiǎn)單就是A contiguous zone is an area。后面的extending引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)是用來(lái)定義和解釋area的,而再后面的in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句部分也是用來(lái)修飾它的,而在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中還有一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,用于修飾其前面的infringement但它被一起修飾作用的介詞短語(yǔ)所分割。
句子翻譯:毗連區(qū)是從領(lǐng)海向外海一側(cè)伸延的一片海區(qū),沿海國(guó)或島國(guó)在這一海區(qū)內(nèi)可行使必要的管制,以防止或懲罰在其領(lǐng)土或領(lǐng)海內(nèi)違反其海關(guān)、財(cái)政、移民和衛(wèi)生法律與規(guī)章的行為(而不是所謂的安全目的)。
Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory, so that they should be more in turn with the changing timers, and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship, observing Borromini’s buildings.
句子解析:這句話很長(zhǎng)但這句話的主干很簡(jiǎn)單就是Anyone and anyone will find spiritual kinship,在兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)之間加入了一大段的用于解釋說(shuō)明第一個(gè)anyone,并且在這一大段中還有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用于修飾those forms of older art,而在第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)同謂語(yǔ)部分之間還被一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的用于修飾第二個(gè)anyone的定語(yǔ)從句所分割,observing Borromini’s buildings只是這個(gè)主干部分的狀語(yǔ)部分用于進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。
句子翻譯:舊藝術(shù)形式在許多方面似乎不能令我們滿意,這就有待于我們?nèi)プ兏镞@些形式以更好地跟上變化多端的時(shí)代步伐,任何考慮參加這項(xiàng)工作的人,任何勇于為新材料和新建筑功能探索新表現(xiàn)形式的人,觀察一下博羅里尼的建筑,都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)精神上的類似。
GRE英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析 3
The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels,from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.
各種有意義的聯(lián)系在所有的層次上,自抽象的理性至深刻的夢(mèng)幻般的情感,層出不窮并不斷重新組合排列;正是這些有意義的聯(lián)系的豐富性和復(fù)雜性,致使普魯斯特難于將它們錯(cuò)落有致地安排好。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞
解釋:請(qǐng)?jiān)徆P者在此所做中文翻譯的艱澀難懂,為了讓讀者能夠更好地理解句子的結(jié)構(gòu),本書(shū)盡量把中文翻譯與英文原文的語(yǔ)序相對(duì)應(yīng),而且盡可能的不用意譯。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目的,可以說(shuō)絞盡腦汁,但本句之難懂也全非筆者之故,原文作者使用了大量的抽象詞。本句仍然來(lái)自于上面說(shuō)過(guò)的這篇關(guān)于普魯斯特的文章。句中的主語(yǔ)是The very richness and complexity,其后的修飾成分長(zhǎng)達(dá)三行,of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings,其中還夾雜著插入語(yǔ),有效地分開(kāi)了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。其實(shí)本句雖然結(jié)構(gòu)也比較復(fù)雜,但是不見(jiàn)得比前面的.句子復(fù)雜得多,其真正的難點(diǎn),還在于句子中大量的抽象詞的使用。由于筆者在附錄中所提到的原因,抽象詞可以嚴(yán)重地占據(jù)大腦資源,因此帶有大量的抽象詞的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子就更為難懂,比如本句就是一個(gè)很好的例子,復(fù)雜修飾與抽象詞狼狽為奸,句意另人難以理解。
意群訓(xùn)練:The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels,from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.
GRE英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析 4
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]本句是典型的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,難點(diǎn)在其主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定,并且分句是由兩個(gè)and相連的3個(gè)部分組成的.。分句an element…landowners 又帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)是(which was)representing…另一個(gè)是(which was)detached…可見(jiàn),定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于經(jīng)常省略“引導(dǎo)詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu),從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆。
[句子翻譯]對(duì)資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的數(shù)量和重要性。這個(gè)階層作為國(guó)計(jì)民生的一部分,代表了非個(gè)人責(zé)任的財(cái)富與土地及土地所有者應(yīng)盡義務(wù)的分離,而且也幾乎與責(zé)任管理相分離。
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