英語六級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案
在英語6級(jí)考試中，閱讀理解始終是考察的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，可以通過做一些真題及來提高分?jǐn)?shù)。為此百分網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)泶髮W(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案。
大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine,from a stereotypical tree-hugging,save-the-world greenie(環(huán)保主義者),but from Gordon Brown,a politician with a reputation for rigour,thoroughness and above all,caution.
[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say?Perhaps;though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals,he is far from alone.The roots of his speech,given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations,stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering,the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them,according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy.Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic,some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F]If such an indicator exists,it is well hidden.And on reflection,this is not surprising;the single word“environment”has so many dimensions,and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year,found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term,but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report,issued at the end of August,produced several such examples from Africa and Asia;it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich,as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment,in rich and poor parts of the world alike,whether through unregulated mineral extraction,drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming,or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Of course,such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr.Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out.Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery.For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鱈魚)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people,sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland.Then,abruptly,the cod population collapsed.There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself,let alone an industry.More than a decade later,there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself.It had,apparently,been fished out of existence;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster.The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain;we are living beyond our ecological means.One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.
[K]Whether this is right,and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall,is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations.It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues;while some,like the WRI,maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development,others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy,and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world?Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries,environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues.In other words,poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,but for different reasons.It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M]Clearly,richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities.Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks,clean rivers,clean air and poison-free food.They also,however,use far more natural resources-fuel,water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.
[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems,the most graphic example being climate change.As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.The figures available will not be completely accurate.Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use;not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data,and in any case,emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics.But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible.As countries become richer,they produce more greenhouse gases;and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O]Wealth is not,of course,the only factor involved.The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen,but contributes about half as much to climate change.But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels?That question,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet,is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.
45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
參考答案
36. 正確選項(xiàng) I
37. 正確選項(xiàng) C
38. 正確選項(xiàng) L
39. 正確選項(xiàng) D
40. 正確選項(xiàng) K
41. 正確選項(xiàng) E
42. 正確選項(xiàng) G
43. 正確選項(xiàng) A
44. 正確選項(xiàng) N
45. 正確選項(xiàng) J
英語六級(jí)閱讀理解難點(diǎn)解題技巧
1、從句多又長(zhǎng) 一個(gè)主句帶多個(gè)從句，從句中又有從句。應(yīng)對(duì)方法：首先找到主句的主體部分(即主語、謂語和賓語)，再確定從句的主體部分，如果從句中還有從句，在確定下面一層從句的主、謂、賓。注意閱讀時(shí)一層一層進(jìn)行，先把同一層次的內(nèi)容看完，再看下一層次的內(nèi)容。
2、長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的插入成分
閱讀所選文章的一大特點(diǎn)就是喜歡用插入語，比如，用插入語交代某句話是誰說的，說話人是什么身份;或是用插入語來修飾、解釋、補(bǔ)充前面的內(nèi)容等等。插入語使作者能更靈活地表達(dá)自己的意思，但是插入語過長(zhǎng)或是過多容易使讀者找不到閱讀的重點(diǎn)。從形式上看，插入語的出現(xiàn)有明顯標(biāo)志：用雙破折號(hào)與主句隔開或者用雙逗號(hào)與主句隔開。應(yīng)對(duì)方法：讀句子時(shí)，先不要理會(huì)插入語，先把主句的意思看完。然后再看插入部分。
3、分詞狀語、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的干擾
分詞狀語就是指用doing或done引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語、原因狀語等;獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)由with引導(dǎo)，看似主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但實(shí)際上并沒有真正的謂語部分。由于這些成分的干擾，不僅增加了句子的長(zhǎng)度，而且使人很容易錯(cuò)把它們當(dāng)成主句。在這里，我們不去仔細(xì)研究它們的語法構(gòu)成，而主要研究一下在閱讀時(shí)怎樣分辨主句和這些從屬部分。
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是獨(dú)立的謂語部分。什么樣的詞能構(gòu)成獨(dú)立的謂語部分?注意：do\does和is\am\are的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化都可以做謂語，但是單純的to do\doing\done和to be\being的形式是不可以做謂語的。一個(gè)看似句子的'結(jié)構(gòu)，如果沒有獨(dú)立的謂語部分，那它就不是句子，而是分詞短語或者獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
在實(shí)際的閱讀過程中，我們常常會(huì)碰到包含上面三種情況的超復(fù)雜句子，即：一個(gè)句子中既有從句又有插入成分，還有分詞狀語或者獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。閱讀這種句子的正確方法是：從前向后，抓住獨(dú)立的謂語部分從而區(qū)別出主句和分詞狀語，再根據(jù)從句的連接詞(有時(shí)無連接詞)區(qū)分主句和從句，層層理解，插入語插在哪個(gè)層次中就放在哪個(gè)層次中理解。
英語六級(jí)閱讀理解做題技巧
快速閱讀對(duì)理解深度和層次要求不高，因此考試中通常只出現(xiàn)兩種題型：主旨題和細(xì)節(jié)題。主旨題主要考查考生對(duì)所讀文章主要輪廓、主要內(nèi)容或中心思想等全局性問題的理解和把握;而細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)問題如具體介紹、數(shù)字、步驟等局部性內(nèi)容的理解。
1.主旨題的解題技巧
根據(jù)英文文章的寫作特點(diǎn)，解答快速閱讀的主旨題時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1)快速閱讀文章第一、二段，抓住文章大意、背景和作者風(fēng)格，因?yàn)樽髡咭话銜?huì)在文章開頭幾段概述全文;
(2)快速瀏覽找出每段的中心句和幾件事實(shí)，抓住一兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，如果文中段落大意沒有用一句話總結(jié)，就自己歸納出大意，在可能蘊(yùn)含全文主旨的部分進(jìn)行仔細(xì)閱讀;
(3)注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞和序列詞，有助于我們了解文章的脈絡(luò)。
用于快速閱讀的文章，在通常情況下每個(gè)小部分會(huì)有一個(gè)小標(biāo)題，這樣對(duì)考生迅速閱讀文章并掌握文章的主旨大意非常有幫助，考生要善于利用這一點(diǎn)。另外，因?yàn)槲恼潞投温浣Y(jié)構(gòu)通常遵守某種體裁的結(jié)構(gòu)模式，因此在快速閱讀時(shí)，并不需要每句話都仔仔細(xì)細(xì)地閱讀。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧
快速閱讀文章后面的10道試題中大部分都是細(xì)節(jié)題，因此對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧要熟練掌握。
(1)首先，確定自己要找的信息。在閱讀文章之前，目光快速掃描一遍后面的題目;
(2)其次，了解文章的信息分布�？刹樽x各章節(jié)小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行定位，確定可能含有所需信息的部分;
(3)最后，找出所需的具體信息。在已經(jīng)定位的區(qū)域，快速閱讀直至鎖定答案。
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