賓語從句定語從句
英語有三大從句:名詞性從句,形容詞性從句(定語從句),以及副詞性從句(狀語從句)。名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。下面是小編帶來的賓語從句定語從句,希望對(duì)你有幫助。
定語從句
在復(fù)合句中,用作定語的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。下面我們結(jié)合例句來復(fù)習(xí)一下初中學(xué)過的由that, which, who和whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
1.關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,that在從句中作主語或賓語,可以指人,也可以指物。如:
The letter that came this morning is from my father.(作主語,指物)
Here are the books that I borrowed from you a week ago.(作賓語,指物)
The woman that spoke to me in the shop used to live next door.(作主語,指人)
The person that I have to phone lives inIndia.(作賓語,指人)
2.關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,which在從句中作主語或賓語,只可以指物。如:
Take the book which is lying on the table.(作主語,指物)
It's a story which every child will enjoy.(作賓語,指物)
3.關(guān)系代詞who和whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句。who和whom只可以指人,who在從句中作主語, whom在從句中作賓語,在口語中常用who代替whom。如:
Those students who failed the exam will have to take it again.(作主語,指人)
The girl who / whom I spoke to was a student.(作賓語,指人)
What能引導(dǎo)的.特殊定語從句
對(duì)于定語從句這一塊,大部分同學(xué)對(duì)于基本的which, who, that引導(dǎo)的從句并不陌生,但是對(duì)于what這個(gè)詞,大部分老師都會(huì)說what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。只能說它不是一般的定從,而是一個(gè)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)合體,因此關(guān)于what引導(dǎo)的定語從句,前面本身都不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行詞。換句話說,如果句中已有先行詞,就一定不能用what引導(dǎo)。比如錯(cuò)句:You can have everything what you like.這里中what該詞前已經(jīng)有了先行詞everything,所以不能用what引導(dǎo)。
另一句:Those activities became what he calls “electronic heroin”。這句中what在從句中作謂語calls的賓語,或者更具體的是充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,而這個(gè)what相當(dāng)于the activities that,即一個(gè)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)合體。但是另從結(jié)構(gòu)上來說,what從句是充當(dāng)became的表語,也就是相當(dāng)于名詞從句中的表語從句。所以該句既可看做是what引導(dǎo)的特殊定語從句,又可充當(dāng)名詞性從句。
關(guān)于what的先行詞,它的作用類似于that,既可指物,又可指人。What都是單獨(dú)使用的,即其后沒有接名詞連用。在06年閱讀第三篇中有這么一句話:Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught.后面這句話中that是該句的主語,means 是謂語動(dòng)詞, 其后有一個(gè)省略了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為is being caught.主語為a higher proportion of what is in the sea, 其中what is in the sea是做of的賓語,而不是what這個(gè)詞做of的賓語,這里what前沒有先行詞,且what用來指物。所以what is in the sea翻譯成海洋生物,整句就變成了”那就意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈!
另外what如果后面接的是名詞的話,那就意味著what類似于做定從中的關(guān)系形容詞,翻譯成“所有的……,盡可能多的……”。如:The accident completely wiped out what little sight he had left.這次事故讓他僅有的一點(diǎn)視力也喪失了。
賓語從句
在復(fù)合句中,用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有: that, whether, if, who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why等。如:
She said that the book was based on a true story.
No one knows exactly what happened.
I don't know when I'll see her again.
注意:賓語從句既可跟在及物動(dòng)詞后面,也可跟在介詞后。如:
Show me what you have bought.
She was shocked by what she has seen.
1.定義:
用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。
2.構(gòu)成:
關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。
3.賓語從句的語序一定是陳述句語序。
(who 作主語的從句本身就是陳述句語序)
4.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語,連接賓語從句的連詞有that(that在口語中常省略)。
whether,if,和連接代詞what, which, who, whom及連接副詞when, where, how, why。
He knew(that) he should study hard.
他知道他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。
Can you tell me which class you are in?
您能告訴我,您在哪一班嗎?
He asked me if he could come in,
他問我他是否能進(jìn)來。
賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律:
主句 從句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
一般過去時(shí) 過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),例如:一般過去,過去進(jìn)行,過去完成,過去將來等
注意:說到自然現(xiàn)象和普遍真理時(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
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