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定語(yǔ)從句什么時(shí)候用as
一般說(shuō)來(lái),as與which的語(yǔ)義功能相同,可以相互替換.但先行成分為句子時(shí),它們的語(yǔ)義功能則有差異.下面是小編給大家整理的定語(yǔ)從句什么時(shí)候用as的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能給你帶來(lái)幫助!
定語(yǔ)從句什么時(shí)候用as
1.the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),和……一樣…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有正如.
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As是關(guān)系代詞.例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ);
例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式.
一、“as / which” 特殊定語(yǔ)從句的先行成分
1.形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)作先行成分,具有形容詞意義的介詞短語(yǔ)也可以充當(dāng)先行成分,如:
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me,as my own is.
在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境里,有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質(zhì).這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、狀態(tài)的名詞.值得一提的是,在這些具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞之后,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用who / whom.
2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)先行成分.
這種動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),它們?cè)趶木渲芯鸵话阌邢薅ɑ蚍窍薅ㄐ问降奶娲鷦?dòng)詞do和as / which一起代替.do可以出現(xiàn),也可以不出現(xiàn),但不能用其它動(dòng)詞代替.
3.句子作先行成分.
這句子可以是整個(gè)主句也可以只是主句中的一個(gè)從句.有時(shí)是連續(xù)幾個(gè)句子,有時(shí)甚至可以是一個(gè)完整的故事.
二、“as/which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的構(gòu)成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況:
1.形容詞做先行成分時(shí):形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)(含具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句置于先行成分之后.
2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作先行成分時(shí):動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作先行成分時(shí),“as / which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句置于先行成分之后.但是,當(dāng)從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時(shí),“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句可以移至句子之首.
3.句子作先行成分時(shí):“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句的位置較靈活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引語(yǔ),“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句多在先行成分之前.如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句與否定詞的相對(duì)位置不同可以使它產(chǎn)生不同的意義.由于“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句具有這一特點(diǎn),所以有時(shí)它的位置不能隨便移動(dòng).在非正式的文體里,“which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句可以出現(xiàn)在先行成分之中.
三、“as/which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)義功能
一般說(shuō)來(lái),as與which的語(yǔ)義功能相同,可以相互替換.但先行成分為句子時(shí),它們的語(yǔ)義功能則有差異.
1.表示結(jié)果
表示結(jié)果的特殊定語(yǔ)從句與其先行成分之間存在著一定的因果關(guān)系,從句中往往使用有結(jié)果意義的詞,如動(dòng)詞result,make,enable,cause和形容詞interesting,surprising,delightful,disgraceful等.
2.表示評(píng)注
表示評(píng)注的特殊定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其先行成分所述事實(shí)的正確性有肯定的傾向,它通常與那些表示客觀事實(shí),普遍真理或某種習(xí)性的先行成分連用;從句中則常用一些表示“合乎自然規(guī)律”、“眾所周知”或“經(jīng)常發(fā)生”等意義的詞語(yǔ),如natural,known to all,usual等.
3.有無(wú)狀語(yǔ)意義
“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句具有狀語(yǔ)意義(主要是方式狀語(yǔ)意義),而“which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句則無(wú)狀語(yǔ)意義.“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)意義要求它在語(yǔ)義上與其先行成分的語(yǔ)義保持一致,“which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句則不受這種限制.
四、關(guān)系代詞as與which的句法-功能
1.as / which 在特殊定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ).
as作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為連系動(dòng)詞(主要是be,seem),主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)為usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等時(shí),系動(dòng)詞be習(xí)慣經(jīng)常省略.行為動(dòng)詞作“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(其中助動(dòng)詞be常略),不及物的行為動(dòng)詞在“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)的極少,常見的有happen一詞.如:
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不限,主語(yǔ)被動(dòng)皆可,只是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)助動(dòng)詞be省略.
2.as和which都可以在特殊定語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ).
3.as和 which在特殊定語(yǔ)從句中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ).如:
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句中可以主謂倒裝,“which”從句中則不能主謂倒裝.
如果先行成分不是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用which而不用as.如:
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4.which在特殊從定語(yǔ)句中作定語(yǔ).
which可以在特殊定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾fact, matter, thing 等名詞.這些名詞代表先行成分表達(dá)的意義,有時(shí)將其略去句義仍然完整.as不能作定語(yǔ).如:
I was told to go not by train but bus,which advice I followed.
定語(yǔ)從句as的用法
一、用作連詞的as
1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,其用法與when和while類似。例如:As a child (When he was a child), she was sent to six different schools.此用法中as多表示從句與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,意為“一邊……一邊……”,一般不與狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。例如:She sang songs as she did her homework.
as 還可以表示一動(dòng)作緊接著另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生,說(shuō)明另一動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,有“隨著……”的含義。例如:As time went by, we found he was an honest man./As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
例1 It wasn’t until nearly a month later________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
解析:本題的as中與when一起作為干擾項(xiàng),容易使考生往時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句上思考,事實(shí)上本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,正確選項(xiàng)是D。
2. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“由于,因?yàn)椤保喈?dāng)于because, 但通常置于句首。例如: As he is a qualified doctor, I trust his advice on medical matters.
例2 _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
解析:本題中as干擾性很強(qiáng),很多考生誤以為是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,但仔細(xì)分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案應(yīng)是A(while表示“只要”)。
3. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,通常可與although或though通用,但語(yǔ)序不同,although或though用于句首,as用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although(或Though)I am young, I already know what career I want to follow. as 表示讓步用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),通常將從句的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞前置。如果表語(yǔ)有冠詞a/an, 需去掉。例如:Great scholar as he is, he is lackingin common sense./Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 例3 _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the older worker has a lot of experience.
A. SinceB. Unless C. As D. Although
解析:as 雖然有引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用法,但本題不是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),故正確答案應(yīng)是D。
4. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“如,像”。例如:When in Rome, do as Romans do./Do to others as you would have others do to you.
例4 We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.
A. make outB. turn out C. go onD. come up
解析:本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析,題干中的“as planned”給同學(xué)們提供了重要信息,答案選B。
5. 固定句型:“主句,as +be/do+主語(yǔ)”表示“也一樣”。例如:She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents./He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.
二、用作介詞的as
1.表示“如,像”。例如:They got united as one man./She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
2.表示“作為、當(dāng)作”。例如:As a League member, you should think more of others.
3.與某些動(dòng)詞搭配,表示“把……當(dāng)作……”,如:look on…as…, regard…as…, treat…as…, consider…as…, think of…as…, see…as…等。其中consider…as…中的as可以省略。as與famous或known搭配,表示“作為……而出名”。
例5 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowingB. known C. being knownD. to be known
解析:如果熟悉be known as這一短語(yǔ),運(yùn)用有關(guān)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的常識(shí),可選出正確答案B。
三、用作關(guān)系代詞的as
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞前通常有as, so, such, same等修飾語(yǔ)。例如:He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find./My hometown is no longer the same as it used to be./As many people as are present will be given a present.在此種用法中,同學(xué)們要注意與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。比如:A: The teacher asked us such a difficult question that none of us could answer it. B: The teacher asked us such a difficult question as none of us could answer.A句為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,而B句則是定語(yǔ)從句。
2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)指代整個(gè)主句(即先行句),表示“這一事實(shí),那一情況”。從句可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如:We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.
例6 ______ I explained on the telephone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
解析:根據(jù)句意,選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。as表現(xiàn)的正是本點(diǎn)所講用法。
四、用作副詞的as
修飾形容詞或副詞,表示程度,意為“同樣地”。例如:He swims fast, but I swim just as fast. 但它通常構(gòu)成表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)“asas”,“not asas”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中第一個(gè)as是副詞,第二個(gè)as是連詞。否定結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞as可以由so代替。asas possible /one can也屬于此用法。例如:It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
五、用在習(xí)語(yǔ)中的as
由as構(gòu)成的習(xí)語(yǔ)很多,常見的有:as soon as “一就”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;as/so long as “只要”引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句;as if/though “好像,仿佛”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句;as to/ as for “至于,就而言”;as much/many as“多達(dá)”;as/so far as “就的限度”;as a result,as a result of “(由于的)結(jié)果”;as a matter of fact“事實(shí)上”;as well “也、還”;A as well as B“不但A而且B”;as it is“照現(xiàn)狀看,看樣子”,等等。這些習(xí)語(yǔ)在高考中可能經(jīng)常遇到,在高考題中有的作為正確選項(xiàng),有的作為干擾項(xiàng),有的出現(xiàn)在題干,值得同學(xué)們認(rèn)真掌握。例如:
例9 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact 解析:選項(xiàng)D極具干擾意義,但進(jìn)一步研讀會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本題中的兩個(gè)分句表達(dá)了一件事的兩個(gè)對(duì)立面,故選B。
例10 ——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. ——______. The roads are too crowded as it is.
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine
解析:本題選項(xiàng)中雖沒有as內(nèi)容,但題干中的as it is卻是解題的關(guān)鍵信息,正確選項(xiàng)為B。
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