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用which造定語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間:2024-02-19 11:48:25 麗華 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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用which造定語(yǔ)從句

  which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中,尤其是在定語(yǔ)從句中是比較常見(jiàn)的,經(jīng)常在做題或者閱讀過(guò)程中會(huì)遇到,也許你對(duì)它的用法不大熟練,下面是小編幫大家整理的用which造定語(yǔ)從句,希望能夠幫助到大家。

  用which造定語(yǔ)從句例句

  1、The car which is red belongs to me.

  2、The dog which is running,is playing games with a little girl.

  3、You know the rules which were made by us.

  4、I can not move the table which is too heavy.

  5、I will catch the bus which is coming towards us.

  6、He told me he had done his homework,which is a lie.

  7、He overcame all the obstacles in the past ten years,which is amazing.

  8、My girlfriend likes dancing with other guys,which really drives me crazy.

  9、The world which looks like a big ball is made up of matter.

  10、The house,which was built in 1930s,looks so different from any of the other buildings around it.

  which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, 指物,在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。多數(shù)情況下,可與that互換。但是要注意當(dāng)從句中,介詞提前只能用which,而且,在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,which引導(dǎo)的句子單獨(dú)翻譯為一句話。

  (1)“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders!(2007-4-3)

  考點(diǎn):board董事會(huì),be responsible for代表, on behalf of代表(注意在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用),shareholder股東

  解析:這個(gè)句子難度為低級(jí),劃?rùn)M線部分為主句只有一個(gè)難點(diǎn)就是which的先行詞是誰(shuí),是句子還是前面的一個(gè)名詞,很顯然,這個(gè)句子中是指市場(chǎng)價(jià)值,而不是這種能力。

  翻譯:保護(hù)客戶(hù)資料的能力是市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的關(guān)鍵,董事會(huì)代表股東對(duì)市場(chǎng)價(jià)值負(fù)有責(zé)任。

  難點(diǎn)總結(jié):介詞短語(yǔ),which的先行詞,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般翻譯為一個(gè)單句。

  (2)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another。

  考點(diǎn):multi-media 傳媒集團(tuán)(最好不要翻譯為多媒體集團(tuán)), bring together 組織,集合,work in relation to one another 彼此協(xié)作,publishing houses出版社

  解析:此句難度為高級(jí),劃線部分為主句, 冒號(hào)后是主句的同位語(yǔ),由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾groups,句尾還有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。As在這個(gè)句子中是副詞,修飾副詞elsewhere,翻譯為“就像在其他地方一樣”。

  翻譯:在歐洲,就像在其他地方一樣,多媒體集團(tuán)越來(lái)越成功了,這些集團(tuán)把相互之間有緊密聯(lián)系的電視臺(tái)、電臺(tái)、報(bào)紙、雜志、出版社組合到了一起。

  難點(diǎn)總結(jié):確認(rèn)關(guān)系代詞which,that的先行詞(記得當(dāng)先行詞是兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的人或者物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞要用that。),as的用法。

  (3)Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account。(2006-3-4)

  考點(diǎn):take into account考慮(注意要用在寫(xiě)作中,尤其是建議信中例如:You need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision。)

  解析:這個(gè)句子難度為低級(jí)。Which在此指代的是a correct baseline。

  翻譯:麥爾斯博士和沃姆博士指出,他們的工作確定了一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的底線,未來(lái)的管理必須將其考慮進(jìn)去。

  難點(diǎn)總結(jié):確定which的先行詞。

  (4)For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。

  考點(diǎn):semiconductor半導(dǎo)體,casualty傷亡,解析:這個(gè)句子難度為高級(jí),這個(gè)句子是主句里套從句,從句里又套從句的結(jié)構(gòu),所以分清楚主句特別重要,主句為劃線部分,其中as though 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,這個(gè)從句中又有一個(gè)由which(先行詞為the making of semiconductors)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

  翻譯:曾有一段時(shí)間,似乎半導(dǎo)體制造業(yè)是另一個(gè)將要覆沒(méi)的產(chǎn)業(yè),要知道半導(dǎo)體正是美國(guó)人所發(fā)明,它在計(jì)算機(jī)新時(shí)代起著核心作用。

  難點(diǎn)總結(jié):注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)。注意各個(gè)連詞的指代和意義。

  which定語(yǔ)從句例句

  which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有一個(gè)特殊用法, 即它所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾主句中更多的部分甚至整個(gè)主句(這時(shí)被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的“先行詞”要作廣義理解), which仍在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。例如:

  He set free the birds happily, which was a celebration for his success. 他開(kāi)心地把鳥(niǎo)放了, 這是對(duì)他成功的一種慶祝。

  把非限定性定語(yǔ)從句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行詞視為主句中的“the birds”顯然不符合整句的語(yǔ)境, 被“which was a celebration for his success”所修飾的是整個(gè)主句, which所引導(dǎo)的這類(lèi)特殊的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句所敘述的情況進(jìn)行某種意義的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,which?勺g為“這一點(diǎn), 這件事”。

  which定語(yǔ)從句的用法

  用which造定語(yǔ)從句 1

  學(xué)英語(yǔ),一大痛點(diǎn)在定語(yǔ)從句,which就是痛中之痛之一。which是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞之一。GMAT語(yǔ)法考試限定,which有且僅有兩種用法。

  一、which前面有逗號(hào),逗號(hào)前面是個(gè)名詞,which就近指代那個(gè)名詞。

  (1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.

  which就近指代photos,定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞did not cheer (Pea up)的發(fā)出者即從句主語(yǔ)即先行詞photos,是photos沒(méi)讓豌豆家屬高興起來(lái)。

  (2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.

  which就近指代photos,photos是定語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ),把定語(yǔ)從句還原成一個(gè)完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.

  可以看到,上面兩個(gè)句子都可以以that為關(guān)系代詞改寫(xiě),即

  (1)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.

  (2)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.

  改寫(xiě)與原版區(qū)別在哪兒?就在一個(gè)逗號(hào)。which前面是名詞,名詞和which之間沒(méi)逗號(hào)的,在GMAT語(yǔ)法里算錯(cuò)。

  二、which前面是介詞,介詞前面是名詞,which就近指代介詞前的那個(gè)名詞,名詞和介詞之間有無(wú)逗號(hào)均可。

  Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.

  這個(gè)句子可以“拆”成如下兩句:(每個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句都可以拆成兩句,以先行詞為拆分點(diǎn))

  (1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book.

  (2)Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.

  先行詞實(shí)際上是定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ),這時(shí),需要把介詞提前,避免如下表達(dá):

  (1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

  (2)Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

  上中學(xué)的時(shí)候?qū)W過(guò),which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句叫“非限制性定語(yǔ)從句”,是不是?它怎么就“非限制性”了?回顧上述GMAT語(yǔ)法規(guī)定which有且僅有的兩種用法,which指的都是就近的名詞,從句其實(shí)還是限制性的。

  所謂非限制性呢,是說(shuō)which指逗號(hào)之前一套主謂所描述的情況,以逗號(hào)前的一個(gè)完整句為先行詞。比如:

  (1)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad.

  (2)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.

  注意,這樣的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在GMAT語(yǔ)法中是不成立的,關(guān)于which,GMAT語(yǔ)法考試只認(rèn)可上述兩種限制性用法。那么,在GMAT語(yǔ)法考試規(guī)則范圍內(nèi),用什么方法能夠表達(dá)出原來(lái)學(xué)過(guò)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的意思來(lái)呢?

  分成兩句或做出同位語(yǔ)來(lái)都是可以的,當(dāng)然,需要先找出一個(gè)名詞把原來(lái)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞(即那個(gè)完整的句子)概括出來(lái)。

  一、分成兩句

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad.

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more.

  二、做同位語(yǔ)

  Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad,beingwhat Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.

  定語(yǔ)從句中的that和which用法區(qū)別

  1、先行若是不定代,that就把which踹

  春雨驚春清谷天,夏滿(mǎn)芒夏暑相連,秋處露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。上半年是六廿一,下半年來(lái)八廿三,每月兩節(jié)日期定,最多相差一二天。當(dāng)先行詞為anything, everything, nothing, all, any, much, many, one等不定代詞時(shí),只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.

  例:Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能給你做點(diǎn)什么嗎?

  2、先行詞前有兩數(shù),就用that定無(wú)誤

  當(dāng)先行詞是基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.

  例句:

  That is the second time that I have been to Japan.

  那是我去日本的第二次。

  The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.

  坐落在泰晤士河岸邊的那兩座大樓上星期倒塌了。

  3、先行詞前最高級(jí),還用that必?zé)o疑

  當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),只能使用“that”, 不用“which”.

  例句:

  This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.

  這是我度過(guò)的最美好的.時(shí)光。

  4、句中若有there be, that應(yīng)把which替

  例:

  There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters.

  說(shuō)動(dòng)物擁有神秘的第六感,可以預(yù)知自然災(zāi)害,這是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。

  5、先行主中做表語(yǔ),避免重復(fù)從句里

  例句:

  1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.

  這已經(jīng)不再是以前那座醫(yī)院了。

  2)Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.

  湯姆森先生已經(jīng)不再是以前的他了。

  解析:定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞均在主句中做表語(yǔ)。

  例句:

  Which is the course that we are to take ?

  我們要學(xué)哪門(mén)課?

  解析:句中已有which,后面不再用which,避免重復(fù)用that。

  6、先行詞前有just/the only/very/same/last等詞,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which

  例句:

  1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.

  北極是唯一能見(jiàn)到北極熊的地方。

  2)This is the same bike that he lost.

  這就是他丟了的那輛自行車(chē)。

  注意區(qū)分:

  3) This is the same bike as he lost.

  這輛自行車(chē)和他丟的那輛一樣。(但不是)

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