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定語從句中的that用法

時間:2023-05-04 15:39:34 賽賽 英語 我要投稿

定語從句中的that用法

  定語從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞(英語:relative word)引導的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語,所以曾被稱為定語從句(英語:attributive clause),以下是小編整理的定語從句中的that用法,希望對大家有所幫助。

  1. 不用that的情況

  (1) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。

  (錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

  (2) 介詞后不能用。

  We depend on the land from which we get our food.

  We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

  2. 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

  (1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

  (2) 在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which。

  (3) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時,只用that。

  (4) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that,不能用which。

  (5) 先行詞既有人,又有物時。

  (6) 先行詞指物,在主句中作表語時。

  (7) 為了避免重復.

  (8) 先行詞是the way或the reason時,that可作關(guān)系副詞,也可省略

  (9) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時

  定語從句中that和what

  一.在引導名詞性從句時,從屬連詞that一般要注意三個不(three nos):

  1.不省略(no ellipsis)

  當從屬連詞that引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時,that不省略。

  Eg. 1) That he was ableto come made us happy. (That 引導主語從句不可省略)

  2)The truth is that I didn’t go there. (that引導表語從句不可省略)

  3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引導同位語從句不可省略)

  但在非正式文體中that 引導賓語從句時可以省略,除下列兩種情況外:

  that在賓語從句中不能省略的情況.

  (1). 在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓補+that, 從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略

  Eg: 4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.(that不可以省略)

  他很明確地說他寧愿學習英語。

  (2). 由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導 的賓語從句中, 則第二個賓語從句前的that不省略。

  Eg: 5) He told me that hewould come and that hewould come on time.(第一個That可以省略,但第二個that不可以省略。)他告訴我他將來而且他將準時來。

  2.不作成分(no component)

  that 在名詞性從句中不作任何句子成分。

  Eg. 6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.(that在句中引導同位語從句,但在句中不作任何成分)

  7))That you don’t like him is none of my business. (that在句中引導主語從句,但在句中不作任何成分,也不省略)

  3. 沒詞義(no meaning)

  that 在名詞性從句中沒有漢語意思。

  Eg. 8)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that在句中引導主語從句,但在句中沒有漢語意義)

  她是一個很有錢的女子,這一點我們都知道。

  9)The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that在句中引導同位語從句,但在句中沒有漢語意義)

  他也許會考試失敗,這一想法使他很擔心。

  二.在引導名詞性從句時,What一般要注意一個不(one no),一個有(meaning),一個作(component):

  1.不省略

  what 引導名詞性從句時,what 在句中不省略。這一用法與that 用法不盡相同。

  eg. 10) What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.(what 在句中引導主語從句,what 不省略)

  11)----I think it’s going to be a big problem.

  ----Yes , it could be .

  ----I wonder what we can do about. (what在句中引導賓語從句,但在句中不省略)

  2.有詞義

  what 引導名詞性從句時,有詞義。一般是“----的東西/事情/話等”這一用法與that 用法不一樣

  eg. 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what在句中引導表語從句,在句中有詞義,意思是“----的東西、事情)這是她想讓我們看的東西。

  12)What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what在句中引導主語從句,在句中有詞義,意思是“----的東西、事情)老師所說的話對孩子們有很好的作用。

  3.作成分

  what 在引導名詞性從句時,在從句中充當成分。這一用法與that 用法不一樣。

  Eg. 13)It doesn’t matter what he said.( it 是形式主語,what 在句中引導主語從句。What 在主語從句中作said 的賓語。)

  14)It was true ______Alice did surprised her mother.

  A. that what B. what that C. that that D. all what

  評析:這一題正確答案是A。it在句中是形式主語,that引導的是主語從句that Alice did surprised her mother.,在這個主語從句當中,what 又引導了主語從句what Alice did,what在從句中作did 的賓語。

  三.要特別注意兩點:

  1. What所引導的從句可以在介詞后作賓語,而that從句一般不可以。

  Eg: 15)After months of voyage ,Columbus arrived in _____later proved to be a new continent.

  A. where B. which C. what D. that

  評析:答案是C。因為在介詞in 后面,應該用what引導的賓語從句,what在賓語從句中作主語。而that不可以這樣用。

  16) On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with _____looked like tiny insects.

  A. that B. something C. what D. anything

  評析:答案是C。因為在介詞with 后面,應該用what引導的賓語從句,what在賓語從句中作主語。而that不可以這樣用。

  2. that可以引導定語從句,而且是定語從句引導詞中的頂梁柱,它在定語從句中要充當成分,通常作定語從句中的主語、賓語。同時that也可以引導名詞性從句,在名詞性從句中that 不充當成分。 但What不可以引導定語從句。它只可以引導名詞性從句,在句中相當于 what =all that ,what 在名詞性從句中充當成分,常常作主語、賓語和表語。

  Eg: 17).All _____I want to know is what he meant .

  A. that B. which C. what D. whatever

  評析:答案是A.本題是that引導的定語從句。而what不可以引導定語從句。What=all that .又因為先行詞是all ,故其后不可以接which 引導的定語從句。而. Whatever=anything that /no matter what 從意義和語法都不符合。所以只能選A,that.

  18) ______impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so well.

  A. That ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. What ; what

  評析:答案是B.第一空是what 引導的主語從句,并在主語從句中作主語。第二空是that 引導的表語從句,that在表語從句中不省略,不作成分,也沒詞義。

  注意在以下8種情況下,指物時用that 不用which

  1.先行詞是all,any,everything,anything,nothing ,something,much,little,few,none ,the one 等時① There is much that should be used.

  ② You can take any seat that is free.

  2.先行詞被all,any ,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none 等修飾時① I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

 、 Every dictionary that our library bought is good.

  3.當先行詞前有形容詞的最高級修飾時

  This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

  4.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時,包括 the last.

  ① The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

 、 The Great Wall is the last place that Mr.Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.

  5.在以 which,who作主語的特殊疑問句中的定語從句中

  ① Who is the man that is reading a book there?

 、 Which is the magazine that you borrowedfromthe reading room?

  6.當先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的詞時

  We talked of the things and persons that we remembered.

  7.當先行詞在定語從句中做表語時,無論先行詞是人還是物

  China is no longer the country that she was.

  8.主句以there be 開頭時

  There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.

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