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定語從句中的that和which用法區(qū)別
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定語從句中的that和which用法區(qū)別
1. 當先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構成的復合不定代詞時。
如:
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
有關此事,凡是你所知道的請告訴我。
2. 當先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時。
如:You can take any seat that is free.
任何空著的座位你都可以坐。
3. 當先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。
如:
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.
這是我們校本學期放映的第四部電影。
4. 當先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
如:
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.
這是我讀過的一本最有趣的故事書。
5. 當先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時。
如:
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
我們唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意:先行詞被the same修飾時,關系代詞也可用as。
如:I need the same book that / as you have.
我需要有你一樣的書。
6. 當先行詞既包含人又包含物時。
如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他們正在談論他們感興趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。
7. 當先行詞是疑問代詞who,which,what或主句以這些詞開頭時。
如:
Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?
曾經(jīng)和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他?
8. 當先行詞為主句表語或關系代詞為從句表語時。
如:
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.
我們的學,F(xiàn)在已不是過去的那個樣子了。
9. 先行詞為time時,當time表示次數(shù),引導詞用that, 可省略。 當表示時間,可用that或when引導,都可省略。
如:
I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month.
我不記得上個月到達上海的確切時間了。
最后,請注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:
1. 在“介詞+關系代詞”結構中,關系代詞必須用which。
如:
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。
注意: 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首, which就可換為that,例如:
This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。
2. 先行詞為“those+表事物的復數(shù)名詞”時, 關系代詞通常只用which而不用that。
如:You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
你應該掌握好這些可以用到未來工作中的技能。
最后,記得這個特殊情況吧:當先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時,可以用that引導定語從句,相當于介詞+which,that可以省略。
如:
He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.
他不喜歡她對他的母親那樣說話。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.
很難想象,他開車開得那么快。
在定語從句中,which 和that 在指代事物時,一般可以互換使用,但并非在任何情況下都是這樣,幾種宜用that,而不宜用which 的情況如下:
1、先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等。
2、先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時。
3、先行詞是序數(shù)詞時或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。
4、先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。
5、先行詞既有人又有物,用which和who都不適合,這時宜用that。
6、被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時。
7、如果有兩個從句,其中一個關系代詞已用which ,另一個關系代詞宜用that,以避免語言的單調或重復。
8、疑問詞是who或which,關系代詞宜用that,以避免重復。
9、主句是There be 結構,修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關系代詞。
10、被修飾成分為表語時,或者關系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關系代詞宜用that。
定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:
1、當關系代詞的前面有介詞時。
2、在非限制性定語從句中。
3、在一個句子中有兩個定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which。
4、當關系代詞后面帶有插入語時。
5、先行詞本身是that, 宜用which。
6、先行詞是those+復數(shù)名詞。
which
1、Which do they want me to do? declare war or surrender?
他們想讓我做什么,宣戰(zhàn)還是投降?
2、I wanted to know which school it was you went to
我想知道你上的是哪所學校。
3、Soldiers opened fire on a car which failed to stop at an army checkpoint
士兵向那輛拒絕在軍事檢查站停車檢查的汽車開了火。
4、They ran out of drink. Which actually didn't bother me because I wasn't drinking
他們把酒喝完了。但實際上這對我來說無所謂,因為我不喝酒。
that
1、They said you particularly wanted to talk to me. Why was that?
他們說你特別想和我談談。為什么?
2、The story was published in a Sunday newspaper later that week
這篇報道于那周晚些時候刊登在一份周日報紙上。
3、A recession like that of 1973 – 1974 could put one in ten American companies into bankruptcy
像1973–1974年間那樣的經(jīng)濟衰退能讓1/10的美國公司破產(chǎn)。
4、'She said she'd met you in England.' — 'That's true.'
“她說她在英格蘭見過你。”——“是的!
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