高中定語從句講解語法
高中的英語語法是比較基礎(chǔ)的，我們來講一講它的一些從句類的吧。如下是精心為你挑選的高中定語從句講解語法，歡迎大家踴躍閱讀！
高中英語從句語法：同位語從句
1、關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省略
2、從句用陳述語序
從句的名詞后接同位語
fact, idea, word，promise, saying，problem, news
常見引導(dǎo)詞
that, whether, where, how, etc.
The facts that he succeeded in the experiment pleased us.
An idea came to her that she might do that in another way.
Scientists have argued over the problem whether there is life on other planets.
高中英語從句語法：表語從句
1、關(guān)聯(lián)詞不能省略
2、從句用陳述語序
常見引導(dǎo)詞
what, when, where, why, whether, how, that, because, which,
What surprised me most was that he spoke English so well.
The question is how what you’ve said can be put into practice.
The reason (why ) he didn’t come is that he was ill.
It (This , That) is because iron contains more carbon than steel.
高中英語從句語法：名詞從句
概述
一.定義: 在句中的作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞的從句叫做名詞性從句
二.分類: 名詞性從句包括四類, 分別是: 主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句, 同位語從句
三.引導(dǎo)詞: 名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞包括連詞that / if / whether, 連接代詞who / whom / whose / what / which, 連接副詞when / where / how / why, 另外還有: whatever, whichever, whoever等
主語從句
一.定義: 在句中充當(dāng)主語的從句就是主語從句
二.示例:
a. That he looked at me in that strange way puzzled me.
b. Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.
c. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
d. When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.
e. Who made the long distance call to him is not important.
f. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
三.應(yīng)注意的問題:
1.以that引導(dǎo)主語從句時, 常用it作形式主語, 而把真正主語后移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that...
a. It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.
b. It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time.
2.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句時, 常置于句首 (此時whether不能用if代替), 也有后移的用法 (此時whether可以用if代替)
a. Whether they will come is not yet known.
b. It is not yet known whether they will go there.
3.連接代詞who, what, which和連接副詞when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)主語從句時, 一般不后移
a. What I told you last night was really true.
b. Which team will win the game is not yet known.
c. How they went to the USA is still a puzzle.
賓語從句
一.定義: 在句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句就是賓語從句. 謂語動詞, 非謂語動詞, 介詞都可以帶有賓語從句
二.示例:
1.謂語動詞的賓語從句:
a. They knew that the habit may kill them.
b. She asked whether / if there were any chemist’s shops in this street.
c. The teacher told them who first invented the television set.
d. I want to know whose notebook is left on the table in the reading room.
e. Can you tell me where the Great Pyramid is ?
2.非謂語動詞的賓語從句:
a. Having known what he had done in school, his father was very angry.
3.介詞的賓語從句:
a. They talked half an hour about what happened in the school.
b. He is pleased with what we did yesterday.
c. Leifeng always thought of how he can do more for the people.
三.應(yīng)注意的問題:
1.句中有賓語從句且有賓補時, 通常用it作形式賓語, 而把賓語從句移到賓補后
a. We think it wrong that he didn’t help Tom.
b. I feel it possible that you will finish the work in a day.
2.that從句一般不作介詞的賓語, 但except等少數(shù)表示 “除外”的介詞除外
a. I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.
3.關(guān)于主句和賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng):
①.如果主句是過去時, 賓語從句應(yīng)是 “過去”范疇的某時態(tài)
a. He said he would fly to Egypt next day.
b. He remembered that he had left her umbrella in the library.
�、�.如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象, 可以保持 “現(xiàn)在”范疇時態(tài), 而不與主句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)
a. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
③.如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時, 賓語從句根據(jù)情況選用所需要的時態(tài)
4.關(guān)于賓語從句的 “否定轉(zhuǎn)移”: 主句的謂語動詞為這些詞( think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, guess等)時, 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去
a. I don’t think he will come.
b. I don’t think there are living things on the moon.
表語從句
一.定義: 在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句就是表語從句
二.示例:
a. My idea is that we should help mother do house work every day.
b. The question is whether we can catch the early bus.
c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need.
d. Ten years of hard work! That’s why I now look so old.
同位語從句
一.定義: 在一個名詞或代詞(如: news, fact, idea, hope, promise, problem, possibility等)后面, 對其作進一步的解釋、說明的從句稱為同位語從句
二.示例:
a. I don’t know the fact that the fireman was killed in the fire.
b. I have no idea when Jack will be back.
c. He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
d. There is no doubt that she is fit for the job.
e. The news that our team has won the game is very exciting.
f. I didn’t tell mother the fact that I met with an accident on my way home.
常見問題
一.that引導(dǎo)名詞從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:
1.引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that本身無詞義, 只起引導(dǎo)作用, 在從句中并不充當(dāng)任何句子成分; 而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞, 有詞義(指代先行詞), 除了起引導(dǎo)作用之外, 還在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分
2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that可省略, 引導(dǎo)其他名詞從句的that一般不能省略; 而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that如果在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語, 也可以省略
a. I know that smoking does harm to people’s health. (賓語從句)
b. The text tells me a fact that I have already known. (定語從句)
c. The news that he had passed the examination made her parents very happy.(同位語從句)
d. The news that he told me yesterday made me surprised.(定語從句)
二.which引導(dǎo)名詞從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:
which引導(dǎo)名詞從句時, 其含義是 “哪一個, 哪一些”; which引導(dǎo)定語從句時, 指代先行詞, 其含義就是先行詞的意思
a. There are so many beautiful caps in the shop. I really don’t know which one I should choose.(賓語從句)
b. I will never forget the days which we spent in the countryside. (定語從句)
三.that / what引導(dǎo)名詞從句的區(qū)別:
引導(dǎo)名詞從句時, that本身無詞義, 只起引導(dǎo)作用, 在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分; what有詞義, what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句的含義是 “…的事 / 物 (任何抽象的或具體的物) ”, what在從句中也充當(dāng)一個成分
a. They knew that the habit may kill them.
b. What he wanted to see (“他想看到的事”)was an end to all the armies of the world.
c. Nicotine! That’s what the smokers need.(“抽煙者所需要的東西”)
四.引導(dǎo)名詞從句時只用whether, 不用if的情況:
1.引導(dǎo)主語從句時:
a. Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
2.引導(dǎo)表語從句時:
a. The problem is whether we need it.
3.引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時:
a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam.
4.與or not連用時:
a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
5.置于不定式之前時:
a. I don’t know whether to go.
6.引導(dǎo)同位語從句時:
a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled.
五.名詞從句的語序問題: 名詞從句中都要使用陳述語序, 參看前文例句
2.引導(dǎo)表語從句時:
a. The problem is whether we need it.
3.引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時:
a. He was worried about whether he passed the exam.
4.與or not連用時:
a. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
5.置于不定式之前時:
a. I don’t know whether to go.
6.引導(dǎo)同位語從句時:
a. The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled
高中定語從句語法講解
定語從句用來充當(dāng)句中定語的主謂結(jié)構(gòu);它主要用于修飾句子中的名詞、代詞。而定語從句的位置常常是緊跟在被修飾的名詞、代詞的后面。在被修飾的名詞、代詞與定語從句之間往往有一個關(guān)系詞將其前后兩部分聯(lián)系成一個整體，或是構(gòu)成一個名詞短語;或是構(gòu)成一個代詞短語。但從結(jié)構(gòu)上說，關(guān)系詞與從句是一個整體。排除句子的其他各部分，這種帶有定語從句的名詞短語或是代詞短語的構(gòu)成可演示如下：
1)three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack
三種意味著一個人是患有驚恐癥而不是心臟病的跡象在這個帶有定語從句的名詞短語中：
signs是：被修飾的名詞;
that是：關(guān)系詞;
that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定語從句
2)those who drink a lot 那些大量飲酒的人在這個帶有定語從句的代詞短語中：
those是：被修飾的名詞;
who是：關(guān)系詞;
who drink a lot是：定語從句通過上面的演示,我們可以歸納出定語從句在句子中的位置、結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
被修飾的名詞 / 代詞 + 關(guān)系詞 + 句子 (其中，"被修飾的名詞/代詞"在語法叫作"先行詞".)
要點提示：
1)"先行詞"與"關(guān)系詞"的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系"先行詞"與"關(guān)系詞"之間實質(zhì)上是互等、互換的關(guān)系。也就是說，關(guān)系詞的作用就是將先行詞所表達意義"代到"從句中來起作用。例如：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行詞)where (關(guān)系詞)people normally would not be afraid .
他們常在人們一般不會感到害怕的情況下卻很容易感到恐懼或是感到不自在。
(本句中的.關(guān)系詞where = 先行詞(in)situations 。如果把這個復(fù)合句拆成兩個分句，那就是：
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations
people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行詞"與"關(guān)系詞"之間實質(zhì)上是互等、互換的關(guān)系)。 又例如：
Rude people are those (先行詞) whose (關(guān)系詞)behavior shows little respect
for the rules(先行詞) that(關(guān)系詞) the majority follows .
不講禮貌的人是指那些，他們的行為對大多數(shù)人所遵從的規(guī)則并不表示尊敬的人。
由此我們還可以看出，"先行詞"往往是分別重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在兩個分句中的名詞或代詞。這也就是我們做定語從句的條件之必需。否則，"關(guān)系詞"就無法去替代"先行詞"而構(gòu)筑定語從句了。這個道理就如同我們在計算機上"做剪貼以前要先做復(fù)制"一樣。)
2)"先行詞"的意義決定"關(guān)系詞"的選擇"關(guān)系詞"的選擇往往是由"先行詞"自身表達的意義，以及它在從句中的語法 功能而決定的。
這個意思就是說，假如"先行詞"自身表達的意義是表示"人的意義"或是"物的意義"，那么我們就相應(yīng)地選擇表示"人的意義"或是"物的意義"的"先行詞"。"先行詞" 在從句中的語法 功能也是決定"關(guān)系詞"選擇的重要條件。比如說，同樣都是表示"人的意義"的"先行詞"，如果它在從句中作主語，"關(guān)系詞"就得用表示"人的意義"的主格形式，如果它在從句中作定語，"關(guān)系詞"就得用表示"人的意義"的所有格形式。另外，有時"先行詞"本身是表示事物的名詞，而它在從句中卻與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，在這種情況下，我們就應(yīng)該用"關(guān)系副詞"而不能用"關(guān)系代詞"了。例如：
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .
有些在語言學(xué)習(xí)上很有成就的人,在其他領(lǐng)域常常一無所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.
我們班上有些家不在武漢市的同學(xué)。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .
有許多聲音有意義但不是詞。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .
如果把這個復(fù)合句拆成兩個分句，那就是：
tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )
告訴他去我們常上英語課的那間教室。
(一) 關(guān)系詞
從前面的討論中我們可以清楚地看出，關(guān)系詞在定語從句的構(gòu)成里是至關(guān)重要的。我們甚至可以說，掌握不好關(guān)系詞就無法做成定語從句，也無法理解文中帶有定語從句部分的意思。因此，我們首先討論一下關(guān)系詞的有關(guān)問題。
定語從句中的關(guān)系詞只有兩類：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞;沒有連詞。也就是說，定語從句中的所有關(guān)系詞不但都有具體的意義而且都在從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分。
1)關(guān)系代詞：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。
who用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，并且在從句中作主語;在現(xiàn)代英語里，也可取代whom在從句中作動詞的賓語。例如：
I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .
我不認(rèn)識寫這篇文章的那個人。
The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .
whom 用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，并且在從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語。在現(xiàn)代英語里，如果whom在從句中作動詞的賓語，它與who可以通用;但是如果whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，那么就只能用whom而不能與who通用了。當(dāng)然，如果在口語或非正式文體中，介詞沒有提前，也就沒有這點要求了。例如：
Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?
剛才和你說話的那個女孩子是誰?
Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .
昨天在購物中心，我碰巧遇見了那位我在一次聚會上認(rèn)識的教授。
They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他們正在尋找那位醫(yī)生剛剛給他做過手術(shù)的病人。
(句中的關(guān)系代詞whom代替the patient ，在從句中作介詞on的賓語，而且介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞的前面，所以who 和whom就絕不可以通用了，此處只能用whom 。)
Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? (錯誤)
(句中的關(guān)系代詞whom(who)代替the girl ，在從句中作介詞to的賓語，但是由于介詞to已提到了關(guān)系代詞的前面,who 和whom就絕不可以通用了,所以如果還繼續(xù)使用who句子就錯了。此處只能用whom 。)
whose 用于代替"表示人或物意義"的先行詞，在從句中作定語，往往與它所修飾的名詞一起構(gòu)成一個名詞短語在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。Whose常表達"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?
你知道她的哥哥與你同寢室的那位女孩的名字嗎?
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
沸點在攝氏100度的水無色、無味。
which 用于代替"表示事物意義"的先行詞，在從句中作主語、賓語。例如：
Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是來自國外的觀點或許也很難被接受。
I've got a novel which you may like to read .
我弄到一本你或許想看的小說。
That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饒恕的錯誤。
that 既用于代替"表示人的意義"的先行詞，也用于代替"表示事物意義"的先行詞;在從句中既可以作主語，也可以作謂語動詞的賓語，但是不能作介詞的賓語。在一定范圍內(nèi)，that = who / whom / which 。例如：
Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .
那些全新的或是來自國外的觀點或許也很難被接受。
Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在幾千美元以上的人必須將工資中的一定百分比交付給聯(lián)邦政府。
Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? (錯誤)
要點提示：
定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略;如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語可以省略。例如：
This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday .
這就是你昨天找的那本書。
I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .
我不喜歡你看的這本小說。
Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ?
你們談?wù)摰哪莻�人是誰?
定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .
(先行詞Those是復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞who也就看作是復(fù)數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動詞就用了復(fù)數(shù)形式are了。)請那些年齡在四十幾歲的人于今天下午去進行體檢。
This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .
(先行詞the magazine是單數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞which也就看作是單數(shù)，所以從句的謂語動詞就用了單數(shù)形式was sent) 這是通過郵局寄給我的雜志。
關(guān)系代詞that 和which的區(qū)別
that 和which在一般情況都可以用于代替"表示事物意義"的先行詞，在從句中作主語、賓語。但在下列情況下一般只用that而不用which ：
-- 先行詞本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代詞時，例如：
Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .
任何能夠燃燒的東西都是熱能源。
There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。
They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他們沒有一點能治愈他疾病的東西了。
-- 先行詞已有序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級或the last, the only等作定語時，例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 這是以前從未上演過的最有感染力的電視劇。
That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .
我們必須要考慮啟動我們工作的第一件事。
然而，在下列情況下卻只用which而不用that：
-- 當(dāng)先行詞表示事物意義，并且在從句中作介詞的賓語，那么就只能用which 。當(dāng)然，如果在口語或非正式文體中，介詞沒有提前，也就沒有這點要求了。例如：
The world in which we live is made of matter .
我們生活于其中的世界是由物質(zhì)組成的。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .
洋流影響其流經(jīng)的附近地區(qū)的氣候。
The world that we live in is made of matter.
(正確。因為關(guān)系代詞雖然在從句中作介詞的賓語，但是介詞沒有提前，所以沒有這點要求。)
我們生活于其中的世界是由物質(zhì)組成的。
The world in that we live is made of matter.
(錯誤。因為關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，而且介詞已經(jīng)提前，所以必須遵從這點要求。)
-- 在非限定性定語從句(關(guān)于這一點隨后就要講解)中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞表示事物意義時, 只能用which 。這是語法所規(guī)定的，沒有任何解釋。例如：
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .
太陽給予大地?zé)�，這就使植物的生長成為可能。
The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是電能，它廣泛地運用于我們的日常生活之中。
-- as可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句、非限定性定語從句。例如：限定性定語從句 (常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中)
Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .
你提到的這些方面在解決這個問題上的確很重要。
People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .
你描述的這種人現(xiàn)在很少見了。
This computer has the same functions as that one has .
這臺計算機有著和那臺計算機一樣的功能。
非限定性定語從句 (as可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，as是指全句：也就是說，將整個主句看成一件事或是一個事實;并對其進行補充、說明。這種非限定性定語從句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。)
As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她還未結(jié)婚。
They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.
可以預(yù)料，他們在比賽中得了第一。
Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我們大家所知，李教授極受學(xué)生們的歡迎。
2)關(guān)系副詞：when , where , why 等。在定語從句，關(guān)系副詞 = 介詞 + which 。也就是說，每個關(guān)系副詞里本身就已經(jīng)含有了一個介詞：when = 在什么時候，where = 在什么地方，why = 為什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪個具體的介詞，就得依具體情況而定了。
when 代替表示時間的名詞，而這個名詞在從句中又與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語,例如：
People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .
人們會永遠記住香港和澳門回歸祖國的那一時刻。
He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我們需要人幫忙的時候來了。
We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我們不知道英語晚會舉行的確切時間。
where 代替表示地點的名詞，而這個名詞在從句中又與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。例如：
The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我們舉行演講比賽的地點還未定下來。
He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他現(xiàn)在居住的新房是原先一個池塘的舊址。
That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .
那是一座我曾經(jīng)在那兒有過許多夢想的美麗的校園。
why 代替表示原因的名詞，而這個名詞在從句中又與介詞構(gòu)成了短語，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。例如：
He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy .
他沒有告訴她為什么他那么高興的原因。
The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .
她遲到的原因不那么令人接受。
They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .
他們向我們解釋為什么他們以前誤解了我們的原因。
介詞+關(guān)系代詞
在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞若是表示人的意義，就只能用whom ;關(guān)系代詞若是表示事物的意義，就只能用which 。而這種結(jié)構(gòu)中較難解決的問題是介詞的選擇問題，因為這個問題的解決取決于多種因素：
A)動詞與介詞的搭配B)名詞與介詞的搭配C)形容詞與介詞的搭配，等等�？傊�，要依從句的具體需要而定。例如：
A)動詞與介詞的搭配
He has found a good job for which he is qualified .( qualify + 名詞+ for "使…具有…資格" )他找到了一份他能勝任的工作。
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . ( talk to + 名詞 "與某人談話" ) 你剛才與他談話的那個人明天主持那個會議。
He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名詞+ rent at + 表示價格的詞 "某物以某價格出租" )
他在與房東就那套公寓出租的月租金進行磋商。
B)名詞與介詞的搭配
They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . ( in the house "在屋子里" )
他們現(xiàn)在還住在他們已住了15年的那個小房子里。
We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通過某種方法) 我們已研制出了一個能大規(guī)模提高生產(chǎn)的方法。
She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .( to extend "到某種程度" ) 她沒有意識到她心煩意亂的程度。
C)形容詞與介詞的搭配
The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "對…表示滿意")
老板對其不滿意的那個秘書將由于她沒有工作效率而被解雇。
I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.( eager for "渴望得到…" ) 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。
He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .
(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我們熟悉的有學(xué)識的人。
2)定語從句的種類
在英文中，有兩種定語從句：限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句。這兩種定語從句在其功能和形式方面都有明顯的區(qū)別：
限定性定語從句
限定性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系很緊奏，對其先行詞起限定、修飾的作用。如果將其去掉，會影響句子意思的完整性;有時甚至于引起費解、誤解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .
為了加速他們各自所在國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，熱帶雨林作為有價值的原木和其他資源正為人們所砍伐。
Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.
洋流影響其流經(jīng)的附近地區(qū)的氣候。
They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.
他們向我們解釋為什么他們不喜歡我們的原因。
非限定性定語從句
非限定性定語從句在形式上就與主句很松散，它與主句之間有一個逗點"，"隔開;它對其先行詞沒有限定、修飾的作用，只起補充、說明的作用。有時也用它來對全句進行補充、說明。即使將其去掉，也不會影響句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定語從句在表達意思方面也有別于限定性定語從句。另外，非限定性定語從句在中文譯文里，我們往往將其作為一個分句處理，而不把它作定語翻譯。
例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中，非限定性定語從句是對先行詞a sphere進行補充、說明。)
更早之前，巴比倫人曾試圖繪制世界地圖，但是他們把它繪制成平盤狀而不是托勒密所采用的球體狀。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中，三個非限定性定語從句分別對三個先行詞：satellites ，computers和television進行補充、說明。如果去掉這三個非限定性定語從句，那么句子可簡化為：
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)衛(wèi)星能傳輸信息，計算機能儲存信息，電視能顯示信息，把這些手段結(jié)合起來可以使每個家庭都成為教育娛樂的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中，非限定性定語從句是對全句進行補充、說明,將全句表達的意思看成"一件事情)。太陽給予大地?zé)幔@就使植物的生長成為可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中，非限定性定語從句是對先行詞son進行補充、說明。但本句所傳達的信息是："這位老人只有一個兒子" 。如果將此句改寫成限定性定語從句：
The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一個在部隊工作的兒子。那么，限定性定語從句就要對先行詞son進行限定、修飾。這樣一來，句子所傳達的信息就變成了："這位老人有一個兒子在部隊工作，還有其他的兒子在干別的工作"。)那位老人有一個兒子，他在部隊工作。
知識過關(guān)
1 Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing?
1)A. which B. that C. when D. where 2)A. where B. that C. which D. what
2 I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.
3 She was not the woman _________ she was before.
A. what B. that C. who D. as
4 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________ they could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. from whom
5 A paper plant is __________ paper is made.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
6 They stayed with me for three weeks, __________ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
7. ---- How do you like the cake? ---- It’s quite different from _________ I had last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
8. The Nile, ___________electricity is produced, no longer destroys villages and crops.
A. which B. from which C. from it D. from that
9. In the 1950s, _________ blacks didn’t have equal rights, a lot of marches took place.
A. when B. that C. which D. from which
10. Bob’s father, ____________, spent four years in Egypt. A. that worked on the project
B. he worked on the project C. who worked on the project D. whom worked on the project
11. The retiring teacher made a speech _________ she thanked the class for the gift.
A. which B. of which C. in which D. that
12. He has to work on Sundays, __________ he does not like.
A. and which B. which C. and when D. when
13.Which of the two cows ______________you keep produces more milk?
A. that B. which C. whom D. when
14. He paid the boy US $10 for washing ten windows, most ___________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least year. A. these B. those C. that D. of which
15. The boys, ___________ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on.
A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest one D. the tallest of them
16. Rabbits make their homes in fields _________ hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses.
A. can where they B. where they can C. where can they D. where can
17. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that
18. Who is that comrade _______ was there? A. whom B. that C. which D. whose
19. This is Mr Smith, __________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
19)A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 20)A. what B. that C. who D. which
20. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy.
仿真訓(xùn)練
1 She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, ___________ I found quite strange.
1)A. which B. that C. what D. when 2)A. in which B. at which C. of which D. from which
2 China has hundreds of islands,_____________ the largest is .
3 We came to a place ____________ they had never paid a visit before.
3)A. to where B. to which C. that D. which 4)A. since B. which C. that D. when
4 It was twelve o’clock ______they finished the work. 5)A. whom B. whoC. when D. because
5 He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
6 Is there a restaurant around ____I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where
7 It was at the school _________ was named after a hero _____________ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. where; where C. that; where D. which; where
8 Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day?
A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that
9 There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting.
A. whose B. that C. which D. in which
10 ---- Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road? ---- Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others.
A. it; that; who B. which; that; that C. it; who; that D. who; which; that
11 His sister has become a teacher, ___was what she wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which
12 In the open boat, the four men, _________ was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea.
A. one of which B. one of who C. one of whom D. one of them
13. His glasses, ________ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. from which C. with which D. without which
14. The look, the cover ________ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for C. whose D. of which
15 The great trouble he __________ show us how to run the machine _______ him completely tired.
A. what B. which C. that D. all that
16 (1995 上海) In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30 p.m.,__________ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
17. Not only _________ the car he __________ been sold by his son for gambling debts, but also his new house. A. /; has B. has; had C. has; has D. was ; has
18. The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast.
A, to prove to B. to proves to C. proves to D. which proved
19. The high building ______ is a big hotel.
A. we are looking at it B. we looking C. at that we are looking D. we are looking at
20. The baby _________is not hers. A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good care
C. of who she is taking good care D. whom she is taking good care of
21 (2001) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
1)A. until B. that C. when D. where 2)A. It B. As C. That D. What
22 2001) ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
23 (1994) The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
24 (1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
25 (1998) He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B.which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
26 (1999) --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off? A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where
27 (1992) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
28 (1997上海) All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ________ in the forest .
A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew
29. (1999) Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. 30(1993上海)
I don’t like __________ you speak to her. 29)A. it B. that C. when D. which
A. the way B. the in that C. the way which D. the way of which
【專項訓(xùn)練】
1.Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world.
A.that B.which C.it D.who
2.Is there anything else you require?
A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place we visited was the Great Wall.
A.which B.that C.where D.it
4.He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.
A.which B.who C.it D.that
5.The railway tunnel, though the train goes, will be completed soon.
A.which B.that C.it D.whom
6.His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made.
A.that B.which C.where D.there
7.There is no dictionary you can find everything.
A.that B.which C.where D.in that
8.Next month, you’ll spend in your hometown is coming.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
9.Next month, you’ll be in your hometown is coming.
A.which B.that C.when D.where
10.I often thought of my childhood , I lived on a farm.
A.which B.where C.when D.who
11.He wanted to know the time he needed to know .
A.that B.when C.where D.what
12.There isn’t so much noise in the country in big cities.
A.that B.which C.where D.as
13.They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple English .
A.that B.which C.as D.what
14.The stems of bamboo are hollow makes them very light.
A.which B.as C.that D.it
15.Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely .
A.as B.which C.that D.this
16.They’ve invited me to their party , is kind of them.
A.as B.which C.That D.this
17. we know now ,bats come out only at night .
A.As B.Which C .That D.What
18.John got beaten in the game , had been expected .
A.as B.that C.what D.who
19. has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules.
A.Which B.What C.That D.As
20.Do you know the reason he was late?
A.that B.which C.for what D.for which
21.He built a telescope he could study the skies.
A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it
22.I have bought two ballpens , writes well .
A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them
23.There are two thousand students in our school , are girls .
A.of whom two thirds B.two -thirds of them
C.two -third in them D.two -thirds in which
24.Do you know the man ?
A.whom I spoke B.to who I spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke
25.The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here .
A.where B.in which C.which D.to which
26.This is one of the best films this year.
A.have been shown B.that have shown C.that have been shown D.which has been shown
27.Can you lend me the book the other day ?
A.you talked about B.about that you talked C.that you talked D.which you talked
28.Is there any one in you class family is in the city .
A.who B.who’s C.which D.whose
29.I’ll never forget the days we stayed together.
A.when B.in which C.which D.what
30.Is some German friends visited last week ?
A.this school B.this the school C.this school one D.this school where
31.I’ll tell you he told me last month .
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all
32.Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday?
A.for why B.for that C.which D.why
33.I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.
A.which B.in which…… C.on that D.on which
34.I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need .
A.in which , / B.where , which C.which , that D.that , that
35.Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.
A.where B.when C.that D.on which
36.The train she was travelling was late.
A.which B.on which C.for which D.on that
37.The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which
38.Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ?
A.that B./ C.which D.it
39.This is the best hotel in the city I know .
A.which B.that C.where D.it
40.I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library .
A.that B./ C.which D.they
41.The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all.
A.which B.who C.that D.whose
42.She hasn’t got enough money to buy the rings .
A.which B.that C.with which D.for which
43.Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term.
A.which B.since C.that D.till
44.We hope to get such a tool he is using .
A.which B.as C.that D.where
45.Is there anything to you .
A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong
46.You can take any seat is free .
A.which B.where C.that D.in which
47.The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher.
A.of them B.of which C.of whom D.of who
48.My hometown is no longer the same it used to be .
A.which B.as C.that D.like
49.You may take anything useful .
A.you want B.what you want C.you want them D.which you want
50.He tore up my photo and upset me .
A.that B.it C.which D.what
51.During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed
52.The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers .
A.that B.wearing which C.worn by D.in which
53.The clever boy made a hole in the wall , he could see what was going on inside the house.
A.in which B.through which C.at which D.on which
54.The brave man , the tiger was shor is a good bunter.
A.by which B.by whom C.by that D.of whom
55.The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
A.with which B.with it C.with that D.which
【答案】：
1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C
11 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B 17 A 18 A 19 D 20 D
21 C 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 A 28 D 29 A 30 B
31 D 32 D 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 B 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 A
41 C 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 B 46 C 47C 48 B 49 A 50A
51 D 52 D 53 B 54 B 55 A
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