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賓語從句定語從句區(qū)別
在英語的句型學(xué)習(xí)中主要的就是對主語、謂語、賓語的學(xué)習(xí),了解句型的結(jié)構(gòu)先找出這三個(gè)是很重要的。小編收集了賓語從句定語從句區(qū)別,歡迎閱讀。
賓語從句(一) 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。賓語從句常由that引導(dǎo),在口語中常省略。 當(dāng)主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不受主句中謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的 影響,按需要可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她說她從周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。(從句是一般將來時(shí)) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài),從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般用表示過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如: He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時(shí)) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他說他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時(shí)) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他說他們那時(shí)正在開會(huì)。(從句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)) *當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài),而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實(shí))時(shí), 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如: The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人。 She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她說她父親比她大二十八歲。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得多。
賓語從句(二) 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 引出名詞性從句的連詞whether和if,在引出賓語從句時(shí),用法和意義相同。但是只能引出賓語從句和不在句首的主語從句,而whether除了引出賓語從句外,還可引出主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。例如: We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我們不知道它是否正確。 The question is whether she should do that. 問題在于她是否應(yīng)該做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假還是個(gè)問題。 試比較: 當(dāng)if從句處在主句之后作“是否”講時(shí),引出的是賓語從句。例如: I don't know if it is true. 我不知道這事是否真實(shí)。 當(dāng)if從句在主句之前作“如果”講,則引出狀語從句。例如: I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有時(shí)間,我將到那兒去。
定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。 關(guān)系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系副詞有:when, where, why等。 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的'那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where, why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
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