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what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間:2022-03-16 09:15:35 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  what是一個(gè)英文單詞,意思是“什么”。屬于高頻率使用的詞匯,多用于疑問(wèn)句。不過(guò)如今以what命名的組織、作品等越來(lái)越多。下面小編為大家分享what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,歡迎大家參考借鑒。

  what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 篇1

  一、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句

  that與what都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如:

  What he said at the meeting was very important.他在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的非常重要。(賓語(yǔ))

  What surprised us is that he did it alone.使我們吃驚的是他一個(gè)人做了那項(xiàng)工作。(主語(yǔ))

  That he did it alone surprised us.他獨(dú)自完成了那項(xiàng)工作使我們感到吃驚。(that用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在句中不作成分)

  二、引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句

  that與what都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不作句子成分,一般情況下可以省略,但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能省掉第一個(gè)that。what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如:

  They stopped to see what was happening.他們停下來(lái)看發(fā)生了什么事情。(主語(yǔ))

  The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done.那個(gè)男孩子做的事情讓老師很生氣。(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple.所有的人都認(rèn)為拯救古廟是正確的。(that在賓語(yǔ)從句中不作句子成分且可省略)

  We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed.我們必須相信,我們每一個(gè)人都能把某件事情辦好;而且,當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這事情是什么的時(shí)候,我們就必須努力干下去,直到成功為止。(第一個(gè)that可省略,第二個(gè)that不能省略)

  三、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

  that與what都可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中不作句子成分,且不能省略;what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如:

  Mary is no longer what she used to be.瑪麗不再是從前那樣了。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ))

  The question is what we should do to prevent him from going.問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓幼霾拍茏柚顾ァ?what在表語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ))

  The reason why he didn’t come today is that his mother is ill.他今天沒(méi)來(lái)的原因是他母親病了。(that只起連接作用)

  四、引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

  that與what都可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句修飾表示抽象概念的名詞,對(duì)所修飾的名詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述。這類(lèi)名詞有:fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。that在從句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,不能省略。如:

  I have no idea what we should do next.我不知道我們下一步該做什么。(賓語(yǔ))

  He made a promise that he would study hard.他許諾要努力學(xué)習(xí)(that只起連接作用)

  The boy expressed his hope that he would be a pilot when he grows up.那個(gè)男孩兒表達(dá)了他長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名飛行員的愿望。(that只起連接作用)

  五、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),that既可指人也可指物。that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。如:

  This is one of the buildings that were built last year.這是去年建的樓房之一。(that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),指物,不能省略。)

  The doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago.你昨天在街上遇到的那位醫(yī)生二十年前就來(lái)到這里了。(that 在從句中作賓語(yǔ),指人并可省略。)

  注意:what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如不能說(shuō):

  1.He did all what he could to save the patient.

  2.All what he needs is more time.

  應(yīng)將句中的what改為that,或去掉what,還可以將以上兩句中的all去掉,但兩句的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了根本的改變:句1中的what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,句2中的what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。

  六、引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句

  so...that, such ...that, so that結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。what不能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,但whatever, no matter what可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

  He made such rapid progress in English that before long he could write articles for an American newspaper.他的英語(yǔ)進(jìn)步很快,不久就能為美國(guó)的一家報(bào)社寫(xiě)文章了。

  Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them.請(qǐng)把幼苗放在陰涼處以免太陽(yáng)曬枯它們。

  Don’t believe him no matter what he says.無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么,都不要相信他。

  what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 篇2

  1)However,what happened later proved me wrong.

  2)Franklin Blake,meanwhile,received a letterfromRosanna saying that she knew what he had done on the night the Moonstone disappeared.

  這兩句話(huà)都運(yùn)用了what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,如果我們平時(shí)常讀英語(yǔ)文章或常做英語(yǔ)試題,就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)what的使用無(wú)處不在。下面就歸納總結(jié)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。

  一.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句

  1)What we need is more time.

  我們所需要的是更多的時(shí)間.

  2)What really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes.

  真正麻煩的是她穿了一雙白鞋.

  二.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句

  1)People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very differentfromwhat it is today.

  很久以前當(dāng)生活與現(xiàn)在的生活完全不同時(shí),人們或許更誠(chéng)實(shí).

  2)People have heard what the President has said;they are waiting to see what he will do.

  人們已經(jīng)聽(tīng)到了總統(tǒng)所說(shuō)的;他們正等著看總統(tǒng)會(huì)做什么.

  三.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

  1)Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worries the public.

  是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民眾擔(dān)心的事兒.

  what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 篇3

  由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,as和which可代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。

  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

  The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

  典型例題

  1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

  A. it B. that C. which D. he

  答案C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

  2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

  A. what B. which C. that D. it

  答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。

  3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

  A. that B. which C. as D. it

  答案B.

  as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的.整個(gè)意思,且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):

  (1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首,而which不可。

  (2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。

  在本題中,prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞,所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

  As 的用法

  例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。

  I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

  例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有'正如'。

  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

  As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

  As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ);例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

  as 引導(dǎo)定于從句:

  1、as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)成the same ...as, such...as等結(jié)構(gòu)。(此題為此應(yīng)用)

  2、as引導(dǎo)非限定性定于從句。as在定于從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),這個(gè)定于從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子,可以放在主句之前。如:As we all know, he studies very hard.

  關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別

 、俣叨伎梢砸龑(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)修飾或限制整個(gè) 主句的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)可以互換使用。

  【例】

  He is a foreigner,as/which I know from his accent.

  從他的口音我知道他是個(gè)外國(guó)人。

  ②定語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),只用as,不能使用which。

  【例】

  AS anybody can see,a computer can do almost everything people can.

  正如人人所見(jiàn),計(jì)算機(jī)幾乎可以做人能做的一切事。

 、郛(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí),常使用which引導(dǎo)。

  【例】

  Mr Zhang usually criticizes Mary in public, which shedoesn't like at all.

  張老師經(jīng)常在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合批評(píng)瑪麗,這是她根本不喜歡的。

  ④當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),常使用which引導(dǎo)。

  【例】

  Little Bob always tells a lie,which his parents find strange.

  小鮑勃總是說(shuō)謊,這使他的父母感到很吃驚。

 、莓(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);如果從句中是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般多使用which。

  【例】

  She has been late again,as was expected.

  她又遲到了,這在意料之中。

  Tom made great Progress in Chinese,whlch made us delighted.

  湯姆的中文取得了很大的進(jìn)步,這使我們很高興。

  what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 篇4

  定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞what:

  對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句這一塊,大部分同學(xué)對(duì)于基本的which, who, that引導(dǎo)的從句并不陌生,但是對(duì)于what這個(gè)詞,大部分老師都會(huì)說(shuō)what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。只能說(shuō)它不是一般的定從,而是一個(gè)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)合體,因此關(guān)于what引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,前面本身都不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)先行詞。換句話(huà)說(shuō),如果句中已有先行詞,就一定不能用what引導(dǎo)。比如錯(cuò)句:You can have everything what you like. 這里中what該詞前已經(jīng)有了先行詞everything,所以不能用what引導(dǎo)。

  另一句:Those activities became what he calls “electronic heroin”。這句中what在從句中作謂語(yǔ)calls的賓語(yǔ),或者更具體的是充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),而這個(gè)what相當(dāng)于the activities that,即一個(gè)先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)合體。但是另從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)說(shuō),what從句是充當(dāng)became的表語(yǔ),也就是相當(dāng)于名詞從句中的表語(yǔ)從句。所以該句既可看做是what引導(dǎo)的特殊定語(yǔ)從句,又可充當(dāng)名詞性從句。

  關(guān)于what的先行詞,它的作用類(lèi)似于that,既可指物,又可指人。What都是單獨(dú)使用的,即其后沒(méi)有接名詞連用。在06年閱讀第三篇中有這么一句話(huà):Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught.后面這句話(huà)中that是該句的主語(yǔ),means 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 其后有一個(gè)省略了that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為is being caught. 主語(yǔ)為a higher proportion of what is in the sea, 其中what is in the sea是做of的賓語(yǔ),而不是what這個(gè)詞做of的賓語(yǔ),這里what前沒(méi)有先行詞,且what用來(lái)指物。所以what is in the sea翻譯成海洋生物,整句就變成了”那就意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈。”

  另外what如果后面接的是名詞的話(huà),那就意味著what類(lèi)似于做定從中的關(guān)系形容詞,翻譯成“所有的……,盡可能多的……”。如:The accident completely wiped out what little sight he had left. 這次事故讓他僅有的一點(diǎn)視力也喪失了。

  which和what的區(qū)別

  我們都知道where是指代“地點(diǎn)”的,when是指代“時(shí)間”的,why是指代“原因”的。但which和what都修飾非人的時(shí)候,該怎么去區(qū)分呢?方法就是看誰(shuí)能像形容詞一樣做定語(yǔ),誰(shuí)就是對(duì)的。我們看兩個(gè)例句:

  What boy do you like?

  Which boy do you like?

  很明顯的,第二個(gè)句子是對(duì)的。你喜歡哪個(gè)男孩?哪個(gè)修飾“男孩”,作定語(yǔ),這是形容詞作定語(yǔ)的本質(zhì)。而what boy do you like?你喜歡什么男孩?中文還行,英文就不對(duì)了。因?yàn)閣hat指代“非人”,而修飾的boy是人,“非人”修飾人,不合適,所以不對(duì)。既然what不能修飾boy,那就說(shuō)明了what不具備引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的功能,它是名詞性從句的御用連詞,只有名詞性從句才能用what引導(dǎo)。因此,只有which,that,when,where,why可以引導(dǎo)非人的名詞的定語(yǔ)從句。

  由此,我們可以總結(jié)得出:定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞使用遵循以下兩個(gè)原則:①當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),可以使用who,whom,whose,that;②當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是“非人”的名詞時(shí),可以使用which,that,where,when,why,whereby等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。

  如何選擇定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

  選擇定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)。以下口訣可幫助同學(xué)們化難為易。

  一看指人還是物,二看介詞在何處;

  三看句中作何用,四看是否屬特殊。

  “一看指人還是物”:指人時(shí)用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);在非正式文體中,作賓語(yǔ)的whom,which或that可省略。

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