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定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)有哪些?大家知道嗎?下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn),僅供參考,希望能夠幫到大家。
定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)
1. that 與which 在指代物時(shí)的用法區(qū)別
that 和which都可以引導(dǎo)先行詞為物的定語(yǔ)從句,但是用法有區(qū)別:
① 只能用that的五種情況
a. 先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞由不定代詞修飾時(shí)
b. 先行詞前有最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
c. 先行詞即有人又有物時(shí)
d. 先行詞前有the very, the only修飾時(shí)
e. 主句為which,或who 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)
、 只能用which的兩種情況
a. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中
b. 介詞之后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)
2.which與as的區(qū)別
as 和which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,三種情況下只能用as,不能用which
a. as置于句首引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)(As we know,…)
b. as 含有“正如”之意(…as we expected)
c. 先行詞前有such, the same 修飾時(shí)(…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.)
3. who、whom、that 的區(qū)別
a.先行詞為those或people 時(shí),常用關(guān)系代詞who,不用that
b.介詞之后用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
4. whose 用法
whose+n. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn),此結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成是the+n.+of+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或者可以換成是of which +the+n.
e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
whose hands / of which the hands
5. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法
a. 介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which(先行詞為物)或者是whom(先行詞為人)
b. 介詞的選擇方法有三個(gè)原則:一“先”二“動(dòng)”三“意義”
I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行詞為pen,使用鋼筆用with)
This is the house in which he lives. (定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞live為不及物動(dòng)詞)
The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根據(jù)句意決定)
6. 先行詞為way時(shí)
先行詞為way,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用that,in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,也可以省略關(guān)系詞。
e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.
7. 關(guān)系副詞when、where、when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的具體用法
① 先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因時(shí),在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),選擇相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。若其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),則選擇關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別三組例句:
where he lives.
a. This is the place
that/which he visited last year.
when my brother was a little boy.
b. I still remember the time
that/which we spent together.
why he was late.
c. This is the reason
that/which he gave us.
②某些非地點(diǎn)時(shí)間名詞有定語(yǔ)從句修飾,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),由where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(stage, case, point, situation);同樣用法的還有occasion,由when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.
There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.
8. 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。
e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand.
Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand.
This is one of the students who have passed the exam.
This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
9. 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和其他句型
①區(qū)別于簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句
most of whom are boys. (定語(yǔ)從句)
There are 70students in our class , and most of them are boys. (并列句)
Most of them are boys. (簡(jiǎn)單句)
、趨^(qū)別于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is in the factory that he works. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
It is the factory where he works. (定語(yǔ)從句)
It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held.
(定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the classroom)
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為介詞短句in the classroom)
、蹍^(qū)別于同位語(yǔ)從句
that she had passed the exam (同位語(yǔ)從句:對(duì)名詞解釋說(shuō)明)
The news excited us.
that he told us (定語(yǔ)從句:對(duì)名詞修飾限定)
④區(qū)別于狀語(yǔ)從句
Do you know the time when the class is over? (定語(yǔ)從句,有先行詞)
Let’s play games when the class is over.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,無(wú)先行詞)
Put the book where it belongs. (地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,無(wú)先行詞)
10. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
定語(yǔ)從句中,作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略,介詞之后的關(guān)系代詞不可省略。
This is the house which he lives in. (√)
This is the house he lives in. (√)
This is the house in which he lives. (√)
This is the house in he lives. (×)
定語(yǔ)從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。
定語(yǔ)從句的分類
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
關(guān)系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語(yǔ))
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))
注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。
。2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
。3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
。4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
。5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
。2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
。3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
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