定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)歸納

　　定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)功能的句子稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。下面是小編幫大家整理的定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)歸納，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)歸納

　　定語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，同時(shí)又是高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。縱觀近年各地高考試題，就能發(fā)現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)大多集中在帶有"插入語(yǔ)"的定語(yǔ)從句；which 、as 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句； where 、 when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句以及定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句、同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別等方面。對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查不單純考查其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，而是把它融入到一定的語(yǔ)境中，考查考生的實(shí)際綜合運(yùn)用能力。

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)之一

　　正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞that引出的定語(yǔ)從句功能強(qiáng)，除不能作定語(yǔ)(用whose)外，其它幾個(gè)功能都可用that。但命題角度主要以that與which指物時(shí)的區(qū)別為重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行命制。

　　例如：

　�。�1）——Do you have anything in mind _________ you'd like for supper?

　　——Well, _________ is OK with me.

　　A. that ; anything B. which ; everything

　　C. what ; whatever D. where ; something

　　選A。

　�。�2）The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think.

　　A. this B. which

　　C. what D. that

　　選B。

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)之二

　　正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞(that或which)與關(guān)系副詞when(表時(shí)間)、where(表地點(diǎn))、why(表原因)。重點(diǎn)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中所缺成分（即關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，使用關(guān)系副詞when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定語(yǔ)從句中作作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，使用that或which。）來(lái)確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，絕不能因先行詞是時(shí)間名詞就用when，是地點(diǎn)名詞就用where，是reason就用why來(lái)確定。因此，認(rèn)準(zhǔn)先行詞只是選擇關(guān)系詞的一個(gè)方面，更重要的是看其在后面定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。

　　例如：

　�。�3）He should stand near the stage ________ he could watch and follow the play.

　　A. where B. when

　　C. that D. there

　　選A。

　�。�4）Do you think the reason _______ he gave is believable.

　　A. for which B. which

　　C. why D. what

　　選B。

　�。�5）We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer.

　　A. which B. that

　　C. whose D. when

　　選D。

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)之三

　　當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意主謂語(yǔ)的一致性及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題。尤其要注意在考題中不用定語(yǔ)從句，而是用分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。

　　例如：

　�。�6）The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

　　A. having written B. to be written

　　C. being written D. written 選D。

　�。�7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan.

　�。�8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office.

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)之四

　　定語(yǔ)從句中不能再重復(fù)與先行詞有關(guān)的代詞或副詞。必須牢記定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞已經(jīng)替代先行詞并且在定語(yǔ)從句中已經(jīng)充當(dāng)其成分，故不能再用相關(guān)的代詞或副詞。

　　例如：

　�。�8）He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.

　　A. which I think it is B. which I think is

　　C. which I think it D. I think which is

　　選B。

　　（9）This is the hospital _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ I worked in five years ago.

　　A.that；where B.where；that

　　C.where；where D.that；that

　　選D。

　�。�10）There are dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. where D. when

　　選C。

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)之五

　　對(duì)介詞后接關(guān)系代詞而不接關(guān)系副詞的考查；當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"。先行詞指物，用"介詞+which", 指人則用"介詞+whom", 且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略，介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則：

　　1.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定。

　　2.根據(jù)先行詞特殊用法而定。

　　例如：

　�。�11）This flower doesn't do well in soil other than the one_____ it has been specially developed.

　　A.for which B.that

　　C.of which D.where 選A。

　�。�12）Anyway, that evening, ____I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.

　　A. when B. where

　　C. what D. which

　　選D。

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)之六

　　關(guān)系代詞as的考查。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修飾的先行詞；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which則只能置于主句之后。但如果定語(yǔ)從句為否定句或表示否定意義，使用which。As引導(dǎo)的定性定語(yǔ)從句有"正如"之意，而which引導(dǎo)的沒(méi)有。

　　例如：

　�。�13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _____ we could not work out.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. as D. even

　　選C。

　�。�14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _______ personally I doubt very much.

　　A. it B. that

　　C. when D. which

　　選D。

　�。�15）________ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.

　　A. It B. As

　　C. That D. What

　　選B。

　　定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)之七

　　解題時(shí)要注意題干的內(nèi)容和句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，（進(jìn)行必要的語(yǔ)法分析，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。）再行答題。

　　例如：

　�。�16）The teacher wanted to teach us ___ he knew at this last lesson.

　　A. all which B. all what

　　C. of which D. everything which

　　選B。

　　（17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _______ I will always treasure.

　　A. that B. one C. it D. what 選B。

　　（18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____went wrong again.

　　A. it repair B. it repaired

　　C. repaired D. to be repaired

　　選C。

　　（19）______is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach

　　A. It B. What

　　C. As D. Which

　　選 A

　�。�20）_______is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach.

　　A. It B. What

　　C. As D. which

　　選C。

　�。�21）_______is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach.

　　A. It B. What

　　C. As D. which

　　選B。

　　雖然定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，但只要從定語(yǔ)從句的形式上、結(jié)構(gòu)上和用法上來(lái)分析理解和比較，就一定就能把握定語(yǔ)從句的用法。

　　定語(yǔ)從句“三要素”

　　1.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞

　�、僦溉说南刃性~

　　②指物的先行詞

　　★先行詞還可以是前面整個(gè)句子所敘述的事情。

　　He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us. (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 先行詞

　　2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)的詞

　　(1)關(guān)系詞的作用

　　①替代前面的先行詞（替代作用）

　�、谶B接主句和定語(yǔ)從句（連接作用）

　�、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中作句子成分（成分作用）

　　(2)關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)

　　①標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類(lèi)

　�、陉P(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定

　�。╰hat/which/who/whom/whose/as）

　　③關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)(When/where/why)

　　3.定語(yǔ)從句：用來(lái)做定語(yǔ)，修飾限定先行詞的句子

　　定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)

　　1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起限定修飾作用。

　　He is a teacherwhoworks at our school.

　　2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用(先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi))

　　Beijing,whichis the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.

　　比較：

　　He has two sons, who work in the same company.

　　(He has only two sons.)

　　He has two sons who work in the same company.

　　(Perhaps he has two more sons)

　　定語(yǔ)從句的10個(gè)難點(diǎn)

　　1.關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語(yǔ)從句)

　　(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)

　　She is the girl (whom / that)I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)

　　(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)

　　He is no longer the boy (that)he used to be. (可以省略that)

　　(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，介詞在從句句尾時(shí)可以省略

　　Housing price is a problem(that/which) people are interested in.

　　比較：

　　Housing price is a problemin whichpeople are interested.（此時(shí)只能用which且不能省略）

　　2.先行詞是人(that/who的區(qū)別)

　　(1)用that的情況

　　①以疑問(wèn)詞who開(kāi)頭的句子中

　　Who is the manthatis shouting there?

　�、陉P(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)

　　She is not the girlthatshe used to be.

　　③先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾

　　This is the very personthatwe are looking for.

　　(2)用who的情況

　�、傧刃性~是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等

　　Thosewhowant to go to the cinemawill have towait at the gate of the school.

　�、诰渥又杏袃蓚�(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)用了that,另外一個(gè)用who

　　Who is the boythatwon the gold medal?

　�、墼趖here be 結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　There are many young menwhoare against him.

　　④在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中

　　Tom,whois my best friend,has gone abroad to study.

　　3.先行詞是物(that / which的區(qū)別)

　　(1)用which的情況

　�、僭诜窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中

　　She lost the game,whichdepressed her greatly.

　　②關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語(yǔ)

　　The penwith whichyou writeis Jack's.

　　③先行詞是that或定語(yǔ)從句中套定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)關(guān)系詞用that,另一個(gè)用which.

　　Let me show you the novelthatI borrowed from the librarywhichis newly open to us.

　　(2)用that的情況

　�、傧刃性~是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等

　　She did allthatshe couldto help us.

　　②先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時(shí)

　　This is the very bookthatI want.

　�、巯刃性~中既有人又有物時(shí)

　　She described in her compositions the people andhe placesthatimpressed her most.

　�、芟刃性~前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

　　This is the best bookthatI have ever read.

　　This is the first filmthatI've seensince I came here.

　�、荻ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中套定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞以用which, 另外一個(gè)用that

　　He built a factorywhichproduced thingsthathad never been seen before.

　�、蕻�(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞which,另一個(gè)用that

　　Who is the personthatis standing at the gate?

　　4.As引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用法

　　(1)As 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。

　　常用于以下句型當(dāng)中：Such/so….. as…. 像…..一樣 the same …. as… 和…...同樣的

　　A computer issouseful a machineaswe can use everyday.

　　He is notthe samemanashe was.

　　(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)譯為“正如，像”等�？梢苑旁诰涫祝�句中或句末。

　　As I remember, there were a net bar here.

　　Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

　　★the same as...和the same that...引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

　　This isthe samebikethatI lost yesterday.(同一事物)

　　This isthe samebikeasI lost yesterday. （同類(lèi)事物）

　　5.關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用

　　(1)When 在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，先行詞為表示時(shí)間的time, day等

　　I still remember the daywhenI first came to Beijing. (when=on which)

　　(2)Where 在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的place, spot等

　　Can you tell me the officewherehe works?

　　(where = in which)

　　(3)Why 在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，先行詞只有reason.

　　I don't want to listen to any reasonwhyyou were absent.

　　(why = for which)

　　★ 關(guān)系副詞 = 相應(yīng)的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞

　　★ Where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point（地步）等

　　What are the situationswherebody languageis the only form of communication?

　　在哪些情況下身體語(yǔ)言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時(shí)where = in which)

　　6.幾個(gè)特殊的先行詞

　　(1)way在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的三種引導(dǎo)方式 that / in which / 不填

　　The wayin which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.

　　比較：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.

　　★way在定語(yǔ)中作tell的賓語(yǔ)

　　(2)先行詞time

　　time表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

　　This is the first timethatthe president has visited the country.

　　time作“一段時(shí)間” 講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when

　　This was the timewhenthere were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets

　　★此時(shí)when = during which 在..期間

　　(3)先行詞reason當(dāng)在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的4種引導(dǎo)方式 why/for which/that/不填

　　This is the reasonwhy/for which/that/不填he can not come here.

　　比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.

　　★reason 在定語(yǔ)從句中做explain的賓語(yǔ)

　　7.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

　　★該結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which（指物） 介詞+whom（指人）

　　★該結(jié)構(gòu)介詞的選用原則：

　　(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配

　　This is the bookon whichI spent $ 8.

　　This is the bookfor whichI paid $ 8.

　　(2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣

　　I remember the daysduring whichI lived there.

　　I remember the dayon whichI graduated from university.

　　(3)根據(jù)整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)決定

　　The colorless gaswithout whichwe can't live is called oxygen.

　　(4)英語(yǔ)中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關(guān)系代詞

　　Here is the money with whichto buy the piano.

　　She is the right person on whom to depend

　　注意：

　�、偃绻�介詞后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略

　　The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.

　　②有些含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)介詞不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等

　　This is the baby that you will look after.

　　8.定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致

　　(1)當(dāng)先行詞是 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句的位于動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildingsthatdraw lots of visitorevery year.

　　(2)當(dāng)先行詞是 the only + one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式

　　The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earththatis seen from themoon.

　　(3)先行詞如果是整個(gè)句子，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　Great changes have taken place in China,asis known to all.

　　He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us.

　　9.定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化

　　定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 –ing或-ed形式

　　The girl(who is) dancing nowjust returned from Taiwan.

　　I love the stories(which were) written by Hemingway.

　　The man(who stands) standing thereis my friend.

　　10.定語(yǔ)從句的解題方法

　　(1)判斷從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句 （先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句）

　　(2)準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞

　　注意：

　　①關(guān)系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。

　　當(dāng)先行詞是人：whose = the + 名詞 + of whom

　　當(dāng)先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which

　　Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?

　　I'd like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.

　�、赥hat引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句 和 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別:

　　定語(yǔ)從句中的that: 關(guān)系代詞，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中做句子成分。

　　名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that, 運(yùn)用于it is/was…that..結(jié)構(gòu)；判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，成分仍然完整。

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