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英語語法之句子

英語語法之句子 | 樓主 | 2017-07-16 02:48:35 共有3個回復
  1. 1Lesson1高中英語語法之句子成分
  2. 2英語語法大全之句子的轉(zhuǎn)換與合并
  3. 3初中英語:英語語法大全之句子的種類

一般由名詞代詞形容詞副詞不定式介詞短語等充當,形容詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞等作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞前面,副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首,如果我們說我們使我們的祖國。

Lesson1高中英語語法之句子成分2017-07-16 02:47:38 | #1樓回目錄

Lesson1高中英語語法之句子成分

組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補足語,定語,狀語等。順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。

1、主語

主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式等充當。

2、謂語

謂語說明主語的動作,狀態(tài)或特征。

一般可分為兩類:

1),簡單謂語:由動詞(或短語動詞)構(gòu)成。可以有不同的時態(tài),語態(tài)和語氣。Ilovebanana.

2),復合謂語:情態(tài)動詞+不定式

IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我可以說一點英語。

3、表語

表語是謂語的一部分,它位于系動詞如be之后,說明主語身份,特征,屬性或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞短語等充當。Mysisterisannurse.我姐姐是護士。

4、賓語

賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之后,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式等。

WelikeEnglish.我們喜歡英語。

有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。

Hegavemesomeink.他給了我一點墨水。

有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復合賓語。如:

Wemakehimourmonitor.我們選他當班長。

5、定語

在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。

用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。Heisanewstudent.他是個新生。

但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。

6、狀語

修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。

HelivesinLondon.他住在倫敦。

7.補語用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態(tài)或正在進行的動作,因為英語中有些動詞加賓語后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說:我們使我們的祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應該說:我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的“美麗的(beautiful)”為形容詞做補語,說明祖國的狀態(tài)。英語句子為:Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful.作補語的詞或詞組為:形容詞,副詞,名詞,不定式,ing形式,數(shù)詞等。

英語語法大全之句子的轉(zhuǎn)換與合并2017-07-16 02:47:57 | #2樓回目錄

濟南沃爾得國際英語

句子的轉(zhuǎn)換與合并

Ⅰ.簡單句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

句型的轉(zhuǎn)換是指一個句子由一種語法結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)榱硪环N語法結(jié)構(gòu),而不改變其原來的意義。這是一種有用的練習,可以學會許多不同的說法,能從幾個句子中挑選出最適當?shù)木渥有问健?/p>

A.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

一個句子可以由主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu),也可從被動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)橹鲃咏Y(jié)構(gòu)(參閱1207—1209):

Hehasfinishedhisuniversitystudies.

Hisuniversitystudieshavebeenfinished.

Theyputhimtodeath.

Hewasputtodeath.

AnEnglishmanteacheshimEnglish.

HeistaughtEnglishbyanEnglishmen.

B.肯定句與否定句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

一個句子可以由肯定形式變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问剑部捎煞穸ㄐ问阶優(yōu)榭隙ㄐ问剑?/p>

Iamdoubtfulofhishonesty.

Iamnotsureofhishonesty.

Fewunderstandit.

Notmanyunderstandit.

Heissometimessilly.

Heisnotalwaysclever.

Itistidy.

Itisnotuntidy.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Healwaysobjected.

Heneveragreed.

Hefailedtocome.

Hedidnotcome.

Shetoldthestorywithtears.

Shetoldthestorynotwithouttears.

Onlyheknowsit.

Nobodyelseknowsit.

Helackscourage.

Heiswithoutcourage.

Heisverytired.

Heisnotalittletired.

Hewillalwaysrememberyourkindness.

Hewillneverforgetyourkindness.

C.反問型問句與陳述句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

反問型問句(RhetoricalQuestions)可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌篒sthatthewaytotreatyourwife?

Thatisnotthewaytotreatyourwife.

CanIsayanything?

Icannotsayanything.

Wherecanyoueverseeaghost?

Youcanneverseeaghostanywhere.

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Whocaresaboutyou?

Nobodycaresaboutyou.

WhyshouldIapologize?

Ishouldnotapologize.

D.不同詞類之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

幾乎任何詞類都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為另一詞類?梢允牵

1.動詞與名詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:

Ourenemyisstrengthening.

Ourenemyisgainingstrength.

Theyagreednottocriticizeeachother.

Theymadeanagreementnottocriticizeeachother.Ithasagoodsmell.

Johndisgracesourfamily.

Johnisadisgracetoourfamily.

2.動詞與形容詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:

Heneglectsmyadvice.

Heisnegligentofmyadvice.

Hefearsnothing.

Heisafraidofnothing.

Thisletterexpresseshisgratitude.

Thisletterisexpressiveofhisgratitude.Theywidenedandlengthenedthestreet.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Theymadethestreetwideandlong.

3.動詞與副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:

HesucceededinadvisingMary.

HeadvisedMarysuccessfully.

Theyenjoyedcelebratingthefestival.

Theycelebratedthefestivaljoyfully.

Thisstorysurpassesothersinbeauty.

Thisstoryissurpassinglybeautiful.

4.名詞與形容詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:

Heisamanofwealth.

Heisawealthyman.

Heisahusbandwithnoheart,sheisawifewithalongtongue.

Heisaheartlesshusband,sheisalong-tonguedwife.“HereliestheonlywileofJohnLee.”

“HereliesJohnLee'sonlywife.”

Thispolicyisofgreatimportance.

Thispolicyisveryimportant.

Therewasonceamonsterwiththreeheads.

Therewasonceathree-headedmonster.

5.名詞與副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:

Pleasehandleitwithcare.

Pleasehandleitcarefully.

Inallprobability,itwillrainthisevening.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Mostprobably,itwillrainthisevening.

Ourtroopsenteredthecityintriumph.

Ourtroopsenteredthecitytriumphantly.

6.形容詞與副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:

Afteracarefulanalysis,thefoodprovespoisonous.

Carefullyanalysed,thefoodprovespoisonous.

Hehateshardwork.

Hehatestoworkhard.

7.介詞與連詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:

Ilikehimforhisunselfishness.

Ilikehimbecauseheisunselfish.

Iwillwaituntilhisreturn.

Iwillwaituntilhereturns.

Ⅱ.簡單句與復合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

一個分詞、動名詞、不定式或介詞短語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為復合句,反過來也如此:—Sittingdown,hereadtheletter.

Hesatdownandhereadtheletter.

Theguestleaving,Iwenttobed.

Theguestleft,andthenIwenttobed.

Beingtiredoflife,herefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.

—Heistiredoflife,soherefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

—Heranawaytoavoidpunishment.

Heranaway,orhewouldbepunished.

Hehastoworkhardtomaintainhisbigfamily.

Hehastoworkhard,otherwisehecannotmaintainhisbigfamily.Outofadesiretopleasehermother,hesentherthingsfromtimetotime.

Hesentthingstohermotherfromtimetotime,forhedesirestopleaseher.

—Besidessellingrice,heteachesarithmeticintheevening.

Hesellsrice,andbesidesheteachesarithmeticintheevening.Withallhisefforts,hefailed.

Hemadeallefforts,buthefailed.

Byhisgoodmanners,hewinsherheart.

Hehasgoodmanners,thereforehewinsherheart.

Theboyisrewardedforhisbravery.

Theboyisbrave,soheisrewarded.

Ⅲ.簡單句與復雜句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

一個詞或是短語可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~從句、定語從句或狀語從句,反過來也如此:

A.名詞從句

Icannottellthetimeofhisarrival.

Icannottellwhenhewillarrive.

Ibelieveyourstatement.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Ibelievewhatyoustate.

Iinsistedonhisstudyingart.

Iinsistedthatheshouldstudyart.

Iwasinformedofhisbehaviour.

Iwasinformedofhowhebehaved.

Iwishyoutobealwayshappy.

Iwishthatyouwillbealwayshappy.

Ithinkitfitforyoutotakeoverthebusiness.Ithinkitfitthatyoutakeoverthebusiness.Ilearnofhissuccess.

Ilearnthathehassucceeded.

Hisarrivalisagreatevent.

Thathehasarrivedisagreatevent.

Howtogetridofpovertyisabigproblem.Itisabigproblemhowwecangetridofpoverty.

B.定語從句

Heisaself-mademan.

Heisamanwhohassucceededbyhisownefforts.

Ithasbecomeanindependentcountry.

Ithasbecomeacountrythatisnomorecontrolledbyanothor.

Iwanttoliveanddieinmynativevillage.

IwanttoliveanddieinthevillagewhereIwasborn.

Shewearsasea-blueskirt.

Shewearsaskirtwhichisasblueasthesea.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Weneedanatom-smashingmachine.

Weneedamachinethatcansmashatoms.

Ihavenothingtosay.

IhavenothingthatIwishtosay.

Theevildonelivesafterthedoers.

Theevilthatmendolivesafterthem.

C.狀語從句

Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyonthedeathoftheirfather.Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyassoonastheirfatherdied.After20yearsofservice,heretired.

Whenhehadserved20years,heretired.

Hediedinhisnativeplace.

Hediedwherehewasborn.

Hestayedathomebecauseofillness.

Hestayedathomebecausehewasill.

Inspiteofmyadvice,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.

AlthoughIadvisedhim,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.

Youmaydrinktoyourheart'scontent.

Youmaydrinkasmuchasyoulike.

Withoutanywater,thisplantcannotlive.

Unlessitgetssomewater,thisplantcannotlive.

Heistootiredtoworkanymore.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Heissotiredthathecannotworkanymore.

Iwillinformthepolicetopunishhim.

Iwillinformthepolicesothathemaybepunished.

Ⅳ.復雜句與復合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

Hegainedalotofmoneyingamblingandhewishedtogambleagain.Afterhegainedalotofmoneyingambling,hewishedtogambleagain.Hemaybeinterestedinartandinthatcaseheshouldgotosomefineartsschool.

Ifheisinterestedinart,heshouldgotosomefineartsschool.Recedeonestepandtheywillproceedthree.

Ifyourecedeonestep,theywillproceedthree.

Heispoor,butheisproud.

Althoughheispoor,heisproud.

Hehasfailed,yethehasdonehisbest.

Althoughhehasfailed,hehasdonehisbest.

Wemustkeepsilentorfatherwillgetangry.

Wemustkeepsilentlestfathershouldgetangry.

Hemustlivearegularlife,otherwisehewillfallill.

Unlesshelivesaregularlife,hewillfallill.

Heisaverygoodteacher,sothestudentslikehim.

Thestudentslikehim,becauseheisagoodteacher.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Theyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,thereforetheyunderstandeachotherthoroughly.

Astheyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,theyunderstandeachother

thoroughly.

Ⅴ.直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換

說話人講的話可以用兩種方式來引用。如果引用他的原話,就稱作直接引語。因此Hesaid,“Iamveryill.”為直接引語。如果按引用人的觀點來引用,則稱為間接引語。因此Hesaidthathewasveryill.為間接引語。Said這樣的動詞稱為引話動詞,它前面的主語,例如he,可稱為第一主語。引語中的主語,如I及he,稱為第二主語。引語中的謂語動詞稱為第二動詞。當直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語,或間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為直接引語時,有幾個問題需要注意。

A.大寫與標點

直接引語放在引號之內(nèi),第一個字母要大寫,引號前加逗號(間或用冒號),引語末加句號、問號或感嘆號,但在間接引語中卻不加這些。間接引語必須由that,whether(if)或疑問詞(who,why,when等)開頭,末尾要加句號。此外,在直接引語中問句可能有倒裝語序(助動詞放在主語前面),但在間接引語中,問句則需變?yōu)樽匀徽Z序:

Isay,“Hewillcome.”

Isaythathewillcome.

Isay:“Whenwillhecome?”

Iaskwhenhewillcome.

B.引話動詞與第二動詞

引話動詞可以是say,remark,observe,claim,explain,con-firm;ask,enquire,question;answer,reply;declare,announce;beg,urge,suggest,request,demand;order,command;object,deny,admit,agree,argue;warn,threaten;think,reflect,consider;write,cable,phone,telex;shout,laugh,sneer等等。

若引話動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,則當引語由直接變?yōu)殚g接時,第二動詞照舊不變。但若引話動詞是過去時,則間接引語中的第二動詞,就要由現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)檫^去時,由過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時等。

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Isay(orwillsay)tohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.”

Isay(orwillsay)tohimthatJohnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.

Isaidtohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.

IsaidtohimthatJohnarrived(orwouldarrive,hadarrived)on

Sunday.

C.引話動詞與連詞

1.如果間接引語為陳述句,它前面通常都有:saythat,knowthat,tellhimthat,statethat,…

2.如果它是問句,它前面通常有:ask(him)whether(orif),inquire(of

him)whether,demand(ofhim)whether,wonderwhether,wanttoknow

whether;或ask(him)+W(即疑問詞,如who,whom,when,why,which),inquire(ofhim)+W,…

3.如果它是感嘆句,它前面通常有:exclaimthat,cryoutwithjoythat,…

4.如果間接引語為祈使句,它前面通常有:demandthat,askthat,request

that,advisethat,orderthat,…且里面包含助動詞should.此外間接引語還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式短語,這時引話動詞需要改為賓補動詞:

1.Isaid,“Youareaniceboy”.

Isaidthathewasaniceboy.

Ithought,“Youwillfailagain.”

Ithoughtthathewouldfailagain.

2.Isaid,“Areyouaniceboy?”

Iaskedwhetherhewasaniceboy.

Ithoughttomyself,“Willhefailagain?”

Iaskedmyselfwhetherhewouldfailagain.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Ienquiredofhim,“Whoknowsit?”

Ienquiredofhimwhoknewit.

3.Isaid,“Whataniceboyyouare1

Iexclaimedthathewasindeedaniceboy.

Isaid,“Hurrah!Wehavewonthebattle.”

Icriedwithjoythatwehadwonthebattle.

Hesaid,“Curseit!Youareafool.”

HeexclaimedwithanoaththatIwasafool.

Hesaid,“Bravo!Youhavedonesomethingwonder-ful.”

Heapplaudedme,sayingthatIhaddonesomethingwonderful.

4.Isaidtohim,“Beaniceboy.”

Iadvisedthatheshouldbeaniceboy.

Iadvisedhimtobeaniceboy.

Isaidtohim,“Seemeatthestation.”

Irequestedthatheshouldseemeatthestation.

Irequestedhimtoseemeatthestation.

D.代詞

此外還要注意,把直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,代詞需作改變。如果在直接引語中代詞為第一人稱,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時,將變?yōu)榕c第一主語一致的代詞。

Isaid,“Icandoit.”

IsaidthatIcoulddoit.

Hesaid,“Imustgo.”

Hesaidthathemustgo.

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濟南沃爾得國際英語

Yousaid,“Iknow.”

Yousaidthatyouknew.

Wesaid,“Wecandoit.”

Wesaidthatwecoulddoit.

Theysaid,“Wemustgo.”

Theysaidthattheymustgo.

Isaid“Wecandoit.”

Isaidthatwecoulddoit.(We中包括I)

如果在直接引語中,代詞為第二人稱,在間接引語中它將變成與引話動詞的賓語一致的人稱:

Itoldhim,“Youareright.”

Itoldhimthathewasright.

Itoldyou,“Youareright.”

Itoldyouthatyouwereright.

Hetoldme,“Youareright.”

HetoldmethatIwasright.

Hetoldus,“Youareright.”

Hetoldusthatwewereright.

Wetoldthem,“Youareright.”

Wetoldthemthattheywereright.”

Tosomebody也可看作是賓語:

Hesaidtome(=toldme),“Youareright.”

HesaidtomethatIwasright.

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Heexplainedtothem,“Youhavegonethewrongway.”

Heexplainedtothemthattheyhadgonethewrongway.

引話動詞的賓語有時可以省略,但它在間接引語中可能需要說出來:

TheyaskedmewhenIwouldgetmarried.Isaid,“Youwilllearnitverysoon.”

…Isaidthattheywouldlearnitverysoon.

如果在直接引語中代詞為第三人稱,在間接引語中,它可以保持不變:

Itoldyou,“Heiscrazy.”

Itoldyouthatheiscrazy.

Hetoldme,“Sheiscrazy.”

Hetoldmethatshewascrazy.

Wetoldhim,“Theyarecrazy.”

Wetoldhimthattheywerecrazy.

Hetoldme,“Heiscrazy.”(這兩個he代表兩個不同的人)

Hetoldmethatacertainpersonwascrazy.

還需指出,上述代詞,在直接或間接引語中,可以為任何“格”,而不僅僅是主格:Hetoldme,“Iwillaskmybrothertotakemetothepictures.”

Hetoldmethathewouldaskhisbrothertotakehimtothepictures.Hedeclared“Wemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous1

Hedeclaredthatwemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous.

E.時間副詞(短語)

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間接引語中的時間副詞(短語)可能和直接引語中的時間副詞(短語)不同,這是因為原來說話人提到的時間可能與現(xiàn)在引話人提到的時間不同:

Hesaid,“Maryisverybusynow.”

HesaidthatMarywasverybusythen.

Hesaid,“Marycameyesterday.”

HesaidthatMaryhadcomethedaybefore(orthepreviousday).

Hesaid,“Marycamefivedaysago.”

HesaidthatMaryhadcomefivedaysbefore(orfivedaysearlier).Hesaid,“Marywillcometomorrow.”

HesaidthatMarywouldcomethefollowingday(orthenextday).Hesaid,“Marywillcomeinfivedays1

HesaidthatMarywouldcomefivedaysafterwards(orlater).

F.第一主語及引話動詞的位置

在新聞報導中第一主語有時放在引話動詞的后面:

SaidStevens,“…”

CommentsDr.Lee,“…”

BoastedAsiaBankpresidentJohnBush,“…”

第一主語及引話動詞,除了放在直接引語前面外,還可放在其他位置:

Hesaid,“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”

“Oh1hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest.”(但不說saidhe)

“Oh!Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid.(但不說saidhe)

“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”(如果大家都清楚這話是誰說的,第一主語及引話動詞也可不必說出。)

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在第一主語及引話動詞放在其他位置時,要注意標點符號:

Hesaid,“Oh,Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”

“Oh,”hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”

“Oh,Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid;“Ihavemadeeveryeffort,Butallinvain.”

如果引話動詞有較長的修飾語,最好把它放在主語及引話動詞前面,如果主語及引話動詞在直接引語后面,長修飾語最好放在引話動詞后面:

Afterashortspaceofsilencehesaid,“I'llconsiderthisproblem.”“I'llconsiderthisproblem,”hesaidafterashortspaceofsilence.如果主語和引話動詞放在直接引語的中間或后面,作主語的名詞可以放在引話動詞的后面或前面(若主語是人稱代詞,只能放在動詞后面):

“Ithinkso,”hesaid(orLeosaid,saidLeo).(很少說saidhe)“EverythingisOK1shesays(orAmysays,saysAmy).(很少說saysshe)

Ⅵ.簡單句的合并

兩個或更多簡單句可以合并成一個比較復雜的句子,這種練習對學習寫作的人很有好處。兩個或更多簡單句可借助并列連詞合并成一個復合句:

HesawJohn.Hegreetedhim.

HesawJohnandhegreetedhim.

IcalledonMary.Marywasill.

IcalledonMary,butMarywasill.

Hehasnotasinglepenny.Hehastobeg.Hewillbestarved.

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Hehasnotasinglepenny,sohehastobeg,otherwisehewillbe

starved.

兩個或更多簡單句,可以加上從屬連詞,把一個或更多句子變?yōu)槊~從句、定語從句或狀語從句,這樣來合并成為一個復雜句。

1.變成名詞從句:

Hehasarrived.Iknowit.

Iknowthathehasarrived.

Hemayhaveanaccident.Iamafraid.

Iamafraidthathemayhaveanaccident.

Howmanywerekilled?Iamnotsure.

Iamnotsurehowmanywerekilled.

Howdidheachievethissuccess?Thatisunknowntome.

Howheachievedthissuccessisunknowntome.

2.變成定語從句:

Whoisthatman?Isawthatmanyesterday.

WhoisthemanIsawyesterday?

Theboywascaughtbythepolice.TheboystolemyPekinesedog.

TheboywhostolemyPekinesedogwascaughtbythepolice.

Shewearsaskirt.Idon'tlikeaskirtlikethis.

Idon'tlikesuchaskirtasshewears.

3.變成狀語從句:

Iwalkedalong.Atthattime,itwasraining.

WhenIwalkedalong,itwasraining.

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Youturntotheright.Youcanseethehotel.

Ifyouturntotheright,youcanseethehotel.

Hesufferedfromcancer.Hehadsmokedtoomuch.

Hesufferedfromcancer,becausehehadsmokedtoomuch.

Helooksstupid.Heisclever.

Helooksstupidthoughheisclever.

Hestudiesuntilmidnight.Hewishestopasstheexam.

Hestudiesuntilmidnightsothathemaypasstheexam.

兩個或更多簡單句,也可以把其中一個或更多簡單句變成一個短語,甚至一個詞,來合并成一個較為復雜的簡單句:

Mr.Johnsonwillleaveourschool.Heisateacherofhistory.

Mr.Johnson,ateacherofhistory,willleaveourschool.(用同位語代替一個句子)

Hedied.Heisforgotten.

Heisforgottenafterhisdeath.(用介詞短語代替句子)

Shepoisonedherself.Shehadaquarrelwithherhusband.

Shepoisonedherselfbecauseofhavingaquarrelwithherhusband.(用“介詞+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)代替句子)

Heiswillingtosacrificehimself.Hewishestopleaseher.

Heiswillingtosacrificehimselftopleaseher.(用不定式代替句子)Theenemysurrenderedthemselves.Theycametouswithawhiteflag.

Theenemysurrenderedthemselves,comingtouswithawhiteflag.(用分詞代替句子)

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初中英語:英語語法大全之句子的種類2017-07-16 02:46:29 | #3樓回目錄

初中英語:英語語法大全之句子的種類

摘要:復合句(ComplexSentences):包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復合句,從句由從屬連詞引導,例如:Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。句子的種類

(一)按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。

1)陳述句(DeclarativeSentences):說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比聲速度快。(說明事實)

Thefilmisratherboring.這部電影很乏味。(說明看法)

2)疑問句(InterrogativeSentences):提出問題。有以下四種:

a.一般疑問句(GeneralQuestions):

Canyoufinishtheworkintime?

你能按時完成工作嗎?

b.特殊疑問句(WQuestions;HQuestions):

Wheredoyoulive?你住那兒?

Howdoyouknowthat?你怎么知道那件事?

c.選擇疑問句(AlternativeQuestions):

Doyouwantteaorcoffee?

你是要茶還是要咖啡?

d.反意疑問句(Tag-Questions):

Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?

他不認識她,對不對?

3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出請求,建議或發(fā)出命令,例如:

Sitdown,please.請坐。

Don'tbenervous!別緊張!

4)感嘆句(ExclamatorySentences):表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒,例如:Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!

(二)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類:

1)簡單句(SimpleSentences):只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡單句,例如:

Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜歡集郵。

(主)(謂)

2)并列句(CompoundSentences):包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句,句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來連接,例如:

Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite。

(主)(謂)(主)(謂)

食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口。

3)復合句(ComplexSentences):包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復合句,從句由從屬連詞引導,例如:

Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。

主句從句

我們到達電影院的時候,電影已經(jīng)開演了。

(三)基本句型(BasicSentencePatterns):英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴展、變化而來的:

1)主+動(SV)例如:

Iwork.我工作。

2)主+動+表(SVP)例如:

Johnisbusy.約翰忙。

3)主+動+賓(SVO)例如:

ShestudiesEnglish.她學英語。

4)主+動+賓+補(SVOC)例如:

Timewouldprovemeright.時間會證明我是對的。

5)主+動+間賓+直賓(SVOiOd)例如:

Mymothermademeanewdress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。

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