一般由名詞代詞形容詞副詞不定式介詞短語等充當,形容詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞等作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞前面,副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首,如果我們說我們使我們的祖國。
Lesson1高中英語語法之句子成分
Lesson1高中英語語法之句子成分
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補足語,定語,狀語等。順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式等充當。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態(tài)或特征。
一般可分為兩類:
1),簡單謂語:由動詞(或短語動詞)構(gòu)成。可以有不同的時態(tài),語態(tài)和語氣。Ilovebanana.
2),復合謂語:情態(tài)動詞+不定式
IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我可以說一點英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分,它位于系動詞如be之后,說明主語身份,特征,屬性或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞短語等充當。Mysisterisannurse.我姐姐是護士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之后,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式等。
WelikeEnglish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesomeink.他給了我一點墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復合賓語。如:
Wemakehimourmonitor.我們選他當班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。Heisanewstudent.他是個新生。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLondon.他住在倫敦。
7.補語用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態(tài)或正在進行的動作,因為英語中有些動詞加賓語后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說:我們使我們的祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應該說:我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的“美麗的(beautiful)”為形容詞做補語,說明祖國的狀態(tài)。英語句子為:Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful.作補語的詞或詞組為:形容詞,副詞,名詞,不定式,ing形式,數(shù)詞等。
英語語法大全之句子的轉(zhuǎn)換與合并
濟南沃爾得國際英語
句子的轉(zhuǎn)換與合并
Ⅰ.簡單句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
句型的轉(zhuǎn)換是指一個句子由一種語法結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)榱硪环N語法結(jié)構(gòu),而不改變其原來的意義。這是一種有用的練習,可以學會許多不同的說法,能從幾個句子中挑選出最適當?shù)木渥有问健?/p>
A.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
一個句子可以由主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu),也可從被動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)橹鲃咏Y(jié)構(gòu)(參閱1207—1209):
Hehasfinishedhisuniversitystudies.
Hisuniversitystudieshavebeenfinished.
Theyputhimtodeath.
Hewasputtodeath.
AnEnglishmanteacheshimEnglish.
HeistaughtEnglishbyanEnglishmen.
B.肯定句與否定句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
一個句子可以由肯定形式變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问剑部捎煞穸ㄐ问阶優(yōu)榭隙ㄐ问剑?/p>
Iamdoubtfulofhishonesty.
Iamnotsureofhishonesty.
Fewunderstandit.
Notmanyunderstandit.
Heissometimessilly.
Heisnotalwaysclever.
Itistidy.
Itisnotuntidy.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Healwaysobjected.
Heneveragreed.
Hefailedtocome.
Hedidnotcome.
Shetoldthestorywithtears.
Shetoldthestorynotwithouttears.
Onlyheknowsit.
Nobodyelseknowsit.
Helackscourage.
Heiswithoutcourage.
Heisverytired.
Heisnotalittletired.
Hewillalwaysrememberyourkindness.
Hewillneverforgetyourkindness.
C.反問型問句與陳述句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
反問型問句(RhetoricalQuestions)可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌篒sthatthewaytotreatyourwife?
Thatisnotthewaytotreatyourwife.
CanIsayanything?
Icannotsayanything.
Wherecanyoueverseeaghost?
Youcanneverseeaghostanywhere.
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Whocaresaboutyou?
Nobodycaresaboutyou.
WhyshouldIapologize?
Ishouldnotapologize.
D.不同詞類之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
幾乎任何詞類都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為另一詞類?梢允牵
1.動詞與名詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Ourenemyisstrengthening.
Ourenemyisgainingstrength.
Theyagreednottocriticizeeachother.
Theymadeanagreementnottocriticizeeachother.Ithasagoodsmell.
Johndisgracesourfamily.
Johnisadisgracetoourfamily.
2.動詞與形容詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Heneglectsmyadvice.
Heisnegligentofmyadvice.
Hefearsnothing.
Heisafraidofnothing.
Thisletterexpresseshisgratitude.
Thisletterisexpressiveofhisgratitude.Theywidenedandlengthenedthestreet.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Theymadethestreetwideandlong.
3.動詞與副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
HesucceededinadvisingMary.
HeadvisedMarysuccessfully.
Theyenjoyedcelebratingthefestival.
Theycelebratedthefestivaljoyfully.
Thisstorysurpassesothersinbeauty.
Thisstoryissurpassinglybeautiful.
4.名詞與形容詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Heisamanofwealth.
Heisawealthyman.
Heisahusbandwithnoheart,sheisawifewithalongtongue.
Heisaheartlesshusband,sheisalong-tonguedwife.“HereliestheonlywileofJohnLee.”
“HereliesJohnLee'sonlywife.”
Thispolicyisofgreatimportance.
Thispolicyisveryimportant.
Therewasonceamonsterwiththreeheads.
Therewasonceathree-headedmonster.
5.名詞與副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Pleasehandleitwithcare.
Pleasehandleitcarefully.
Inallprobability,itwillrainthisevening.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Mostprobably,itwillrainthisevening.
Ourtroopsenteredthecityintriumph.
Ourtroopsenteredthecitytriumphantly.
6.形容詞與副詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Afteracarefulanalysis,thefoodprovespoisonous.
Carefullyanalysed,thefoodprovespoisonous.
Hehateshardwork.
Hehatestoworkhard.
7.介詞與連詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Ilikehimforhisunselfishness.
Ilikehimbecauseheisunselfish.
Iwillwaituntilhisreturn.
Iwillwaituntilhereturns.
Ⅱ.簡單句與復合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
一個分詞、動名詞、不定式或介詞短語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為復合句,反過來也如此:—Sittingdown,hereadtheletter.
Hesatdownandhereadtheletter.
Theguestleaving,Iwenttobed.
Theguestleft,andthenIwenttobed.
Beingtiredoflife,herefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.
—Heistiredoflife,soherefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
—Heranawaytoavoidpunishment.
Heranaway,orhewouldbepunished.
Hehastoworkhardtomaintainhisbigfamily.
Hehastoworkhard,otherwisehecannotmaintainhisbigfamily.Outofadesiretopleasehermother,hesentherthingsfromtimetotime.
Hesentthingstohermotherfromtimetotime,forhedesirestopleaseher.
—Besidessellingrice,heteachesarithmeticintheevening.
Hesellsrice,andbesidesheteachesarithmeticintheevening.Withallhisefforts,hefailed.
Hemadeallefforts,buthefailed.
Byhisgoodmanners,hewinsherheart.
Hehasgoodmanners,thereforehewinsherheart.
Theboyisrewardedforhisbravery.
Theboyisbrave,soheisrewarded.
Ⅲ.簡單句與復雜句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
一個詞或是短語可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~從句、定語從句或狀語從句,反過來也如此:
A.名詞從句
Icannottellthetimeofhisarrival.
Icannottellwhenhewillarrive.
Ibelieveyourstatement.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Ibelievewhatyoustate.
Iinsistedonhisstudyingart.
Iinsistedthatheshouldstudyart.
Iwasinformedofhisbehaviour.
Iwasinformedofhowhebehaved.
Iwishyoutobealwayshappy.
Iwishthatyouwillbealwayshappy.
Ithinkitfitforyoutotakeoverthebusiness.Ithinkitfitthatyoutakeoverthebusiness.Ilearnofhissuccess.
Ilearnthathehassucceeded.
Hisarrivalisagreatevent.
Thathehasarrivedisagreatevent.
Howtogetridofpovertyisabigproblem.Itisabigproblemhowwecangetridofpoverty.
B.定語從句
Heisaself-mademan.
Heisamanwhohassucceededbyhisownefforts.
Ithasbecomeanindependentcountry.
Ithasbecomeacountrythatisnomorecontrolledbyanothor.
Iwanttoliveanddieinmynativevillage.
IwanttoliveanddieinthevillagewhereIwasborn.
Shewearsasea-blueskirt.
Shewearsaskirtwhichisasblueasthesea.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Weneedanatom-smashingmachine.
Weneedamachinethatcansmashatoms.
Ihavenothingtosay.
IhavenothingthatIwishtosay.
Theevildonelivesafterthedoers.
Theevilthatmendolivesafterthem.
C.狀語從句
Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyonthedeathoftheirfather.Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyassoonastheirfatherdied.After20yearsofservice,heretired.
Whenhehadserved20years,heretired.
Hediedinhisnativeplace.
Hediedwherehewasborn.
Hestayedathomebecauseofillness.
Hestayedathomebecausehewasill.
Inspiteofmyadvice,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.
AlthoughIadvisedhim,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.
Youmaydrinktoyourheart'scontent.
Youmaydrinkasmuchasyoulike.
Withoutanywater,thisplantcannotlive.
Unlessitgetssomewater,thisplantcannotlive.
Heistootiredtoworkanymore.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Heissotiredthathecannotworkanymore.
Iwillinformthepolicetopunishhim.
Iwillinformthepolicesothathemaybepunished.
Ⅳ.復雜句與復合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
Hegainedalotofmoneyingamblingandhewishedtogambleagain.Afterhegainedalotofmoneyingambling,hewishedtogambleagain.Hemaybeinterestedinartandinthatcaseheshouldgotosomefineartsschool.
Ifheisinterestedinart,heshouldgotosomefineartsschool.Recedeonestepandtheywillproceedthree.
Ifyourecedeonestep,theywillproceedthree.
Heispoor,butheisproud.
Althoughheispoor,heisproud.
Hehasfailed,yethehasdonehisbest.
Althoughhehasfailed,hehasdonehisbest.
Wemustkeepsilentorfatherwillgetangry.
Wemustkeepsilentlestfathershouldgetangry.
Hemustlivearegularlife,otherwisehewillfallill.
Unlesshelivesaregularlife,hewillfallill.
Heisaverygoodteacher,sothestudentslikehim.
Thestudentslikehim,becauseheisagoodteacher.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Theyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,thereforetheyunderstandeachotherthoroughly.
Astheyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,theyunderstandeachother
thoroughly.
Ⅴ.直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
說話人講的話可以用兩種方式來引用。如果引用他的原話,就稱作直接引語。因此Hesaid,“Iamveryill.”為直接引語。如果按引用人的觀點來引用,則稱為間接引語。因此Hesaidthathewasveryill.為間接引語。Said這樣的動詞稱為引話動詞,它前面的主語,例如he,可稱為第一主語。引語中的主語,如I及he,稱為第二主語。引語中的謂語動詞稱為第二動詞。當直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語,或間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為直接引語時,有幾個問題需要注意。
A.大寫與標點
直接引語放在引號之內(nèi),第一個字母要大寫,引號前加逗號(間或用冒號),引語末加句號、問號或感嘆號,但在間接引語中卻不加這些。間接引語必須由that,whether(if)或疑問詞(who,why,when等)開頭,末尾要加句號。此外,在直接引語中問句可能有倒裝語序(助動詞放在主語前面),但在間接引語中,問句則需變?yōu)樽匀徽Z序:
Isay,“Hewillcome.”
Isaythathewillcome.
Isay:“Whenwillhecome?”
Iaskwhenhewillcome.
B.引話動詞與第二動詞
引話動詞可以是say,remark,observe,claim,explain,con-firm;ask,enquire,question;answer,reply;declare,announce;beg,urge,suggest,request,demand;order,command;object,deny,admit,agree,argue;warn,threaten;think,reflect,consider;write,cable,phone,telex;shout,laugh,sneer等等。
若引話動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,則當引語由直接變?yōu)殚g接時,第二動詞照舊不變。但若引話動詞是過去時,則間接引語中的第二動詞,就要由現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)檫^去時,由過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時等。
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Isay(orwillsay)tohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.”
Isay(orwillsay)tohimthatJohnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.
Isaidtohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.
IsaidtohimthatJohnarrived(orwouldarrive,hadarrived)on
Sunday.
C.引話動詞與連詞
1.如果間接引語為陳述句,它前面通常都有:saythat,knowthat,tellhimthat,statethat,…
2.如果它是問句,它前面通常有:ask(him)whether(orif),inquire(of
him)whether,demand(ofhim)whether,wonderwhether,wanttoknow
whether;或ask(him)+W(即疑問詞,如who,whom,when,why,which),inquire(ofhim)+W,…
3.如果它是感嘆句,它前面通常有:exclaimthat,cryoutwithjoythat,…
4.如果間接引語為祈使句,它前面通常有:demandthat,askthat,request
that,advisethat,orderthat,…且里面包含助動詞should.此外間接引語還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式短語,這時引話動詞需要改為賓補動詞:
1.Isaid,“Youareaniceboy”.
Isaidthathewasaniceboy.
Ithought,“Youwillfailagain.”
Ithoughtthathewouldfailagain.
2.Isaid,“Areyouaniceboy?”
Iaskedwhetherhewasaniceboy.
Ithoughttomyself,“Willhefailagain?”
Iaskedmyselfwhetherhewouldfailagain.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Ienquiredofhim,“Whoknowsit?”
Ienquiredofhimwhoknewit.
3.Isaid,“Whataniceboyyouare1
Iexclaimedthathewasindeedaniceboy.
Isaid,“Hurrah!Wehavewonthebattle.”
Icriedwithjoythatwehadwonthebattle.
Hesaid,“Curseit!Youareafool.”
HeexclaimedwithanoaththatIwasafool.
Hesaid,“Bravo!Youhavedonesomethingwonder-ful.”
Heapplaudedme,sayingthatIhaddonesomethingwonderful.
4.Isaidtohim,“Beaniceboy.”
Iadvisedthatheshouldbeaniceboy.
Iadvisedhimtobeaniceboy.
Isaidtohim,“Seemeatthestation.”
Irequestedthatheshouldseemeatthestation.
Irequestedhimtoseemeatthestation.
D.代詞
此外還要注意,把直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,代詞需作改變。如果在直接引語中代詞為第一人稱,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時,將變?yōu)榕c第一主語一致的代詞。
Isaid,“Icandoit.”
IsaidthatIcoulddoit.
Hesaid,“Imustgo.”
Hesaidthathemustgo.
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濟南沃爾得國際英語
Yousaid,“Iknow.”
Yousaidthatyouknew.
Wesaid,“Wecandoit.”
Wesaidthatwecoulddoit.
Theysaid,“Wemustgo.”
Theysaidthattheymustgo.
Isaid“Wecandoit.”
Isaidthatwecoulddoit.(We中包括I)
如果在直接引語中,代詞為第二人稱,在間接引語中它將變成與引話動詞的賓語一致的人稱:
Itoldhim,“Youareright.”
Itoldhimthathewasright.
Itoldyou,“Youareright.”
Itoldyouthatyouwereright.
Hetoldme,“Youareright.”
HetoldmethatIwasright.
Hetoldus,“Youareright.”
Hetoldusthatwewereright.
Wetoldthem,“Youareright.”
Wetoldthemthattheywereright.”
Tosomebody也可看作是賓語:
Hesaidtome(=toldme),“Youareright.”
HesaidtomethatIwasright.
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Heexplainedtothem,“Youhavegonethewrongway.”
Heexplainedtothemthattheyhadgonethewrongway.
引話動詞的賓語有時可以省略,但它在間接引語中可能需要說出來:
TheyaskedmewhenIwouldgetmarried.Isaid,“Youwilllearnitverysoon.”
…Isaidthattheywouldlearnitverysoon.
如果在直接引語中代詞為第三人稱,在間接引語中,它可以保持不變:
Itoldyou,“Heiscrazy.”
Itoldyouthatheiscrazy.
Hetoldme,“Sheiscrazy.”
Hetoldmethatshewascrazy.
Wetoldhim,“Theyarecrazy.”
Wetoldhimthattheywerecrazy.
Hetoldme,“Heiscrazy.”(這兩個he代表兩個不同的人)
Hetoldmethatacertainpersonwascrazy.
還需指出,上述代詞,在直接或間接引語中,可以為任何“格”,而不僅僅是主格:Hetoldme,“Iwillaskmybrothertotakemetothepictures.”
Hetoldmethathewouldaskhisbrothertotakehimtothepictures.Hedeclared“Wemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous1
Hedeclaredthatwemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous.
E.時間副詞(短語)
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間接引語中的時間副詞(短語)可能和直接引語中的時間副詞(短語)不同,這是因為原來說話人提到的時間可能與現(xiàn)在引話人提到的時間不同:
Hesaid,“Maryisverybusynow.”
HesaidthatMarywasverybusythen.
Hesaid,“Marycameyesterday.”
HesaidthatMaryhadcomethedaybefore(orthepreviousday).
Hesaid,“Marycamefivedaysago.”
HesaidthatMaryhadcomefivedaysbefore(orfivedaysearlier).Hesaid,“Marywillcometomorrow.”
HesaidthatMarywouldcomethefollowingday(orthenextday).Hesaid,“Marywillcomeinfivedays1
HesaidthatMarywouldcomefivedaysafterwards(orlater).
F.第一主語及引話動詞的位置
在新聞報導中第一主語有時放在引話動詞的后面:
SaidStevens,“…”
CommentsDr.Lee,“…”
BoastedAsiaBankpresidentJohnBush,“…”
第一主語及引話動詞,除了放在直接引語前面外,還可放在其他位置:
Hesaid,“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”
“Oh1hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest.”(但不說saidhe)
“Oh!Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid.(但不說saidhe)
“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”(如果大家都清楚這話是誰說的,第一主語及引話動詞也可不必說出。)
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在第一主語及引話動詞放在其他位置時,要注意標點符號:
Hesaid,“Oh,Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”
“Oh,”hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”
“Oh,Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid;“Ihavemadeeveryeffort,Butallinvain.”
如果引話動詞有較長的修飾語,最好把它放在主語及引話動詞前面,如果主語及引話動詞在直接引語后面,長修飾語最好放在引話動詞后面:
Afterashortspaceofsilencehesaid,“I'llconsiderthisproblem.”“I'llconsiderthisproblem,”hesaidafterashortspaceofsilence.如果主語和引話動詞放在直接引語的中間或后面,作主語的名詞可以放在引話動詞的后面或前面(若主語是人稱代詞,只能放在動詞后面):
“Ithinkso,”hesaid(orLeosaid,saidLeo).(很少說saidhe)“EverythingisOK1shesays(orAmysays,saysAmy).(很少說saysshe)
Ⅵ.簡單句的合并
兩個或更多簡單句可以合并成一個比較復雜的句子,這種練習對學習寫作的人很有好處。兩個或更多簡單句可借助并列連詞合并成一個復合句:
HesawJohn.Hegreetedhim.
HesawJohnandhegreetedhim.
IcalledonMary.Marywasill.
IcalledonMary,butMarywasill.
Hehasnotasinglepenny.Hehastobeg.Hewillbestarved.
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Hehasnotasinglepenny,sohehastobeg,otherwisehewillbe
starved.
兩個或更多簡單句,可以加上從屬連詞,把一個或更多句子變?yōu)槊~從句、定語從句或狀語從句,這樣來合并成為一個復雜句。
1.變成名詞從句:
Hehasarrived.Iknowit.
Iknowthathehasarrived.
Hemayhaveanaccident.Iamafraid.
Iamafraidthathemayhaveanaccident.
Howmanywerekilled?Iamnotsure.
Iamnotsurehowmanywerekilled.
Howdidheachievethissuccess?Thatisunknowntome.
Howheachievedthissuccessisunknowntome.
2.變成定語從句:
Whoisthatman?Isawthatmanyesterday.
WhoisthemanIsawyesterday?
Theboywascaughtbythepolice.TheboystolemyPekinesedog.
TheboywhostolemyPekinesedogwascaughtbythepolice.
Shewearsaskirt.Idon'tlikeaskirtlikethis.
Idon'tlikesuchaskirtasshewears.
3.變成狀語從句:
Iwalkedalong.Atthattime,itwasraining.
WhenIwalkedalong,itwasraining.
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Youturntotheright.Youcanseethehotel.
Ifyouturntotheright,youcanseethehotel.
Hesufferedfromcancer.Hehadsmokedtoomuch.
Hesufferedfromcancer,becausehehadsmokedtoomuch.
Helooksstupid.Heisclever.
Helooksstupidthoughheisclever.
Hestudiesuntilmidnight.Hewishestopasstheexam.
Hestudiesuntilmidnightsothathemaypasstheexam.
兩個或更多簡單句,也可以把其中一個或更多簡單句變成一個短語,甚至一個詞,來合并成一個較為復雜的簡單句:
Mr.Johnsonwillleaveourschool.Heisateacherofhistory.
Mr.Johnson,ateacherofhistory,willleaveourschool.(用同位語代替一個句子)
Hedied.Heisforgotten.
Heisforgottenafterhisdeath.(用介詞短語代替句子)
Shepoisonedherself.Shehadaquarrelwithherhusband.
Shepoisonedherselfbecauseofhavingaquarrelwithherhusband.(用“介詞+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)代替句子)
Heiswillingtosacrificehimself.Hewishestopleaseher.
Heiswillingtosacrificehimselftopleaseher.(用不定式代替句子)Theenemysurrenderedthemselves.Theycametouswithawhiteflag.
Theenemysurrenderedthemselves,comingtouswithawhiteflag.(用分詞代替句子)
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初中英語:英語語法大全之句子的種類
初中英語:英語語法大全之句子的種類
摘要:復合句(ComplexSentences):包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復合句,從句由從屬連詞引導,例如:Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。句子的種類
(一)按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。
1)陳述句(DeclarativeSentences):說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比聲速度快。(說明事實)
Thefilmisratherboring.這部電影很乏味。(說明看法)
2)疑問句(InterrogativeSentences):提出問題。有以下四種:
a.一般疑問句(GeneralQuestions):
Canyoufinishtheworkintime?
你能按時完成工作嗎?
b.特殊疑問句(WQuestions;HQuestions):
Wheredoyoulive?你住那兒?
Howdoyouknowthat?你怎么知道那件事?
c.選擇疑問句(AlternativeQuestions):
Doyouwantteaorcoffee?
你是要茶還是要咖啡?
d.反意疑問句(Tag-Questions):
Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?
他不認識她,對不對?
3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出請求,建議或發(fā)出命令,例如:
Sitdown,please.請坐。
Don'tbenervous!別緊張!
4)感嘆句(ExclamatorySentences):表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒,例如:Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類:
1)簡單句(SimpleSentences):只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡單句,例如:
Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜歡集郵。
(主)(謂)
2)并列句(CompoundSentences):包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句,句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來連接,例如:
Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite。
(主)(謂)(主)(謂)
食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口。
3)復合句(ComplexSentences):包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復合句,從句由從屬連詞引導,例如:
Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。
主句從句
我們到達電影院的時候,電影已經(jīng)開演了。
(三)基本句型(BasicSentencePatterns):英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴展、變化而來的:
1)主+動(SV)例如:
Iwork.我工作。
2)主+動+表(SVP)例如:
Johnisbusy.約翰忙。
3)主+動+賓(SVO)例如:
ShestudiesEnglish.她學英語。
4)主+動+賓+補(SVOC)例如:
Timewouldprovemeright.時間會證明我是對的。
5)主+動+間賓+直賓(SVOiOd)例如:
Mymothermademeanewdress.我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。