我才認(rèn)識到僅憑運(yùn)氣是不能成功的，任何一方都不肯放棄自己的立場，沒有什么比幽默感更有幫助的了，正在同外國公司競爭市場的份額，看著她受傷的兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室，本來可以治愈那位癌癥病人的。
大學(xué)英語六級真題完成句子及答案
大學(xué)英語六級翻譯真題
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Ithinkthatthemealiswell______________________(沒有折扣的情況下值80美元).
83.______________________(面對來自其他公司的激烈競爭),theautomobilemanufacturerisconsideringlaunchingapromotioncampaign.
84.Asfarashobbiesareconcerned,Janeandhersister______________________(幾乎沒有什么共同之處).
85.Onlyaftermanyfailures______________________(我才認(rèn)識到僅憑運(yùn)氣是不能成功的).
86.Butforthesurvivalinstinctwhichnearlyallcreatureshave,______________________(更多的物種就可能已經(jīng)在地球上滅絕了).
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________(也許會被車撞倒的).
83.Bynomeans______________________________(他把自己當(dāng)成專家)althoughheknowsalotaboutthefield.
84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshavemadeforhim,______________________________(把他們所做的視作理所當(dāng)然).
85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother______________________________(不干涉她的婚姻).
86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfoundhimself______________________________(經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)查找信息).
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,they____________________(寧愿停下來欣賞美麗的景色)thanjustgoon.
83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,as____________________(任何一方都不肯放棄自己的立場).
84.Thepills____________________(本來可以治愈那位癌癥病人的),buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.
85.Itis____________________(你真好，給了我那么多幫助);Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.
86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyears____________________(他們才得以重聚).
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou__________________________________(越仔細(xì)越好)indealingwiththismatter.
83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties_____________________________(我才意識到讀書是不能被忽視的).
84.Much_________________________________(使研究人員感到驚訝),the
outcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.
85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪兒了).
86.I____________________________________________(寧愿加入你們?nèi)プ隽x工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.__________________(他們的獨(dú)生兒子從未想過)toleavethemandstrikeoutonhisownthoughheisinhislatetwenties.
83.Beforeyoutakeanyaction,pleaserememberto__________________(權(quán)衡你的決定會產(chǎn)生的后果).
84.Heassuredhisfriendthatundernocircumstances__________________(他會違背還錢的承諾).
85.Mosteducatorsadvisethatkids__________________(不要沉溺于電腦游戲).
86.Businessmajorasheis,hehas__________________(從未考慮過從事推銷員工作).
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Howlongdoesajacketlikethislastme?-________________(這要看你多長時(shí)間穿一次).
83.Thetheoryheadvancedhasproved_________________(對許多傳統(tǒng)概念的一種挑戰(zhàn)).
84.Themanager_______________(本可以親自參加會議),buthewascalledawayforsomeurgentbusinessabroad
85.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthata_____________(均衡的飲食對健康是必不可少的).
86.Much_______________(我感到遺憾),Iwasunabletofinishtheworkontime.
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk________________(說服他不買車).
83.__________(保持幽默感有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety.
84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,________________(他不得不坦白自己的罪行).
85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink_____________________(一定有人在說他們的壞話).
86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds____________________(很難抵制冰淇淋的誘惑).
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which______________________
（把美觀與功能完美地結(jié)合起來）.
83.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatparents__________（剝奪孩子們的自由）tospendtheirsparetimeastheywish.
84.Olderadultswhohaveahighlevelofdailyactivitieshavemoreenergyand__________（與不那么活躍的人相比死亡率要低）.
85.Yourresumeshouldattractawould-beboss’sattentionbydemonstrating__________（為什么你是某個(gè)特定職位的最佳人選）.
86.Itwasverydark,butMaryseemedto_______________________（本能地知道該走哪條路）.
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthose__________(畢生致力于詩歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.
83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,or__________(否則她上周就該回信了).
84.Nancyissupposedto__________(做完化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn))atleasttwoweeksago.
85.Neveronce_____________________________________________(老兩口互相爭吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.
86._____________________________________________________________(一個(gè)國家未來的繁榮在很大程度上有賴于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople.
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Butformobilephone,___________________(我們的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).
83.Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation,_____________(沒有什么比幽默感更有幫助的了).
84.TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning,______________(但他拒絕進(jìn)一步解釋這樣做的原因).
85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,_________________(而動物的行為主要依靠本能).
86.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_____________________(他都不應(yīng)該對法庭說慌).
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Theautomanufacturersfoundthemselves________________________(正在同外國公司競爭市場的份額).
83.Onlyinthesmalltown________________________(他才感到安全和放松).
84.Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren________________________(被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利).
85.Ouryearsofhardworkareallinvain,________________________(更別提我們花費(fèi)的大量金錢了).
86.Theproblemsofblacksandwomen________________________(最近幾十年受到公眾相當(dāng)大的關(guān)注).
【2006年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Ifyouhad_________________________(聽從了我的忠告，你就不會陷入麻煩).
83.Aftertheterroristattack,tourists___________________（被勸告暫時(shí)不要去該國旅游）.
84.Iprefertocommunicatewithmycustomers______________(通過寫電子郵件而不是打電話).
85.______________(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.
86.Withtearsonherface,thelady_________________(看著她受傷的兒子被送進(jìn)手術(shù)室)
答案
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.worth80dollarsbeforediscount
【點(diǎn)評】worth:“值”，后跟動名詞或名詞;discount折扣。
http://emrowgh.com nfrontedwiththeintenserivalryfromthecompetitors
【點(diǎn)評】該句主語是theautomobilemanufacturer，橫線處所填的是一個(gè)分句;beconfrontedwith：面臨(任務(wù)、困難)=face，所以也可填(facingthefiercecompetition……)
84.almosthavenothingincommonwitheachother
【點(diǎn)評】havesomethingincommon有共同點(diǎn)。
85.didIrealizethatnobodywouldsucceedsolelybecauseoftheirgoodluck
【點(diǎn)評】only位于句首時(shí)用倒裝。至于時(shí)態(tài)，可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響“不能成功”，也可以用一般過去式
86.morespecieswouldhaveextinguishedfromtheEarth。
【點(diǎn)評】butfor，“要不是”;這里考查與過去相反的虛擬語氣，后面用would+havedone。
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82：maybeknockeddownbycar
83:doeshetakehimselftobeanexpert。
84:andtakeitforgranted。
85:notinterferemarriage。
86．oftensearchinginformationontheinternet
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Eventhoughtheywerealreadylate,theywouldratherstopforthebeautifulview(寧愿停下來欣賞美麗的景色)thanjustgoon.
83.Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionbetweenthetwoparties,aseithersiderefusestosoftentheirpositions(任何一方都不肯放棄自己的立場)
84.Thepillscouldhavecuredthecancerpatient(本來可以治愈那位癌癥病人的),buthedidn'tfollowthedoctor'sadviceandtakethemregularly.
85.Itisreallykindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp（你真好，給了我那么多幫助）；Ireallyfeelobligedtoyou.
86.Thewarleftthefamilyscatteredallovertheworld,anditwasthirtyyearsbeforetheywereabletoreunite（他們才得以重聚）
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.cannotbetoocareful
83.didIrealizethatreadingcouldnotbeneglected
84.totheresearchers'surprise
85.Imusthaveleftitsomewhere
86.wouldratherjoinyoutodovolunteerwork
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Theironlysonhasneverthought.
83.weighyourdecisionagainstitspossibleconsequences.
http://emrowgh.com
85.shouldnotbeaddictedtocomputergames./theyshouldnotindulgethemselvesincomputergames/theyshouldnotabandonthemselvestocomputergames
86.neverconsideredworkingasasalesman
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.Itdependsonhowoftenyouwearit
83.tobeachallengetomanytraditionalconcepts
http://emrowgh.com uldhaveattendedthemeetinginperson(byhimself)
85.balanceddietisessentialtohealth
86.regretfuldidIfeel
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.himoutofbuyingacar
83.Keepingasenseofhumorhelps
84.hehadnochoicebuttoconfessthecrimehehadcommitted
85.theremustbesomeonewhoisspeakingillofthem
86.ithardtoresistthetemptationoficecream
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.madeaperfectcombinationofbeautyandfunction
http://emrowgh.com privetheirchildrenoffreedom
84.alowerdeathratecomparedwiththosewhodon’t.
85.whyyouarethebeastcandidateforacertainposition
http://emrowgh.com
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
http://emrowgh.com
83.sheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek
84.havefinishedherchemistryexperiments
85.hastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother
86.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon
【2016年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.ourcommunicationwouldnothxdyebeensoefficientandconvenient
http://emrowgh.com
84.but(he)refusedtomakefurtherexplanation/tofurtherexplainwhy
http://emrowgh.com (s)
http://emrowgh.com
【2016年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
http://emrowgh.com petingwithforeignfirmsformarketshare
83.doeshefeelsecureandrelaxed
84.aredeprivedoftherightstoreceiveeducation
http://emrowgh.com
http://emrowgh.com
【2006年12月大學(xué)英語六級真題】
82.followedmyadvice,youwouldnothavegotintotrouble
http://emrowgh.com
http://emrowgh.com
http://emrowgh.com
86.watchedherinjuredsonbeingsentintotheoperationroom
2016職稱英語b類概括大意與完成句子
第一篇FordAbandonsElectricVehicles福特放棄電動汽車TheFordmotorcompany's1abandonmentofelectriccarseffectivelysignalstheendoftheroadforthetechnology,analystssay.GeneralMotors2andHonda3ceasedproductionofbattery-poweredcarsin1999，tofocusonfuelcell4andhybridelectricgasolineengines5，whicharemoreattractivetotheconsumer.Fordhasnowannounceditwilldothesame.Threeyearsago，thecompanyintroducedtheThinkCitytwo-seatercarandagolfcartcalledtheTHINK,orThinkNeighbor6.Ithopedtosell5,000carseachyearand10,000carts.Butalackofdemandmeansonlyabout1,000ofthecarshavebeenproduced,andlethan1，700cartshavebeensoldsofarin2002."Thebottomlineis7wedon'tbelievethatthisisthefutureofenvironmenttransportforthemamarket,"TimHolmesofFordEuropesaidonFriday."Wefeelwehavegivenelectricourbestshot8.”TheThinkCityhasarangeofonlyabout53milesanduptoasix-hourbatteryrechargetime.GeneralMotors'EVIelectricvehiclealsohadalimitedrange,ofabout100miles.Theveryexpensivebatteriesalsomeanelectriccarscostmuchmorethanpetrol-poweredalternatives.AnelectricToyota9RAV4EVvehiclecostsover$42,000intheUS,comparedwithjust$17,000forthepetrolversion.ToyotaandNissan10arenowtheonlymajorautomanufacturerstoproduceelectricvehicles."Thereisafeelingthatbatteryelectrichasbeengivenitschance.Fordnowhastomoveonwithitshybridprogram11,andthatiswhatwewillbejudgingthemon,”RogerHigman，aseniortransportcampaigneratUKFriendsoftheEarth,toldtheEnvironmentNewsService.HybridcarsintroducedbyToyotaandHondainthepastfewyearshavesoldwell.Hybridenginesoffergreatermileagethanpetrol-onlyengines,andthebatteriesrechargethemselves.Fordsaysitthinkssuchvehicleswillhelpitmeetplannednewguidelines12onvehicleemissions13intheUS.However,itisnotyetclearexactlywhatthoseguidelineswillpermit.InJune,GeneralMotorsandDaimlerChrysler14wonacourtinjunction,delayingbytwoyearsCalifornianlegislationrequiringcar-makerstooffer100,000zero-emissionandotherlow-emissionvehiclesinthestateby2003.Carmanufacturershopethelegislationwillberewrittentoallowformorelow-emission,ratherthanzero-emission,vehicles.第二篇WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeak世界原油產(chǎn)量可能提前十年達(dá)到峰值DecadeEarlierThanSomePredictInafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil，scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2016.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeotherpredictions.TheirstudyisinACS'Energy&Fuels1.IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting"peakoil".“Peakoil”isthepointwhereoilproductionreachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthispoint,andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.OneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelatedconceptisthat4of"PeakOil.”Theterm“PeakOil”indicatesthemomentinwhichworldwideproductionwillpeak,afterwardstostartonirreversibledecline.TheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproductionworldwide.However,recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountries.Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges,politics,andotherfactors, http://emrowgh.com ingthenewmodel，thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries5whichsupplymostoftheworld'sconventionalcrudeoil6.Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2016,yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworld'soilreserves7arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-relateddecisionsandpublicpolicydebate，theysuggest.第三篇CitizenScientists公民科學(xué)家Understandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifecycle1events一flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring—allaroundtheworld.Butecologistscan'tbeeverywheresothey'returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forhelp.Climatescientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanyplacesintheworldandnotenoughscientiststoobserveallofthem,they'reaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrotheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletoobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest—birds,trees,flowersbudding,etc.—andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshelpinglargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat2，citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthat'sneededtobecomeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsendit3in.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenology4Network."Phenology"iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.Oneofthegroup'sfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplantsfromacrotheUnitedStates.Peopleparticipatingintheproject—whichisQpentoeveryone一recordtheirobservationsontheProjectBudBurstwebsite."Peopledon'thavetobeplantexperts-theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat'sintheirneighborhood,"saysJenniferSchwartz,aneducationconsultantwiththeproject."Aswecollectthisdata,we'llbeabletomakeanestimateofhowplantsandcommunities5ofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges.”第四篇MotoringTechnology汽車技術(shù)1.2millionroaddeathsworldwideoccureachyear,plusafurther50millioninjuries.Toreducecarcrashrate,muchresearchnowisfocusedonsafetyandnewfuels—thoughsomeelectricvehicleandbiofuel1researchaimsatgoingfaster.Travellingatspeedhasalwaysbeenrisky.Onecuttingedgearea2ofresearchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants3.Theycanensureyoudon'tmicrucialroadsignsorfallasleep.Theuseofartificialintelligencesoftwareallowstheseassistantstomonitoryourdrivingandmakessureyourphoneorradiodoesn'tdistractyouatavitalmoment.Mostcrashesresultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.Somesafetydevelopmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.Radarcanspot4obstaclesinfog，whileothertechnology“seesthrough"high-sided5vehiclesblockingyourview6.
Andimprovementstoseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyresaremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.Thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobelinkedwithsafety，ashave，lesurprisingly，sizeandshape7.Andalternativestofossil-fuel8basedpetrol，suchasplantoils，areahotareaofresearch.Fuelcells9basedonhydrogenburncleanly，andarethesubjectofaseriousresearcheffort.Butwhateverisinthefueltank,youdon'twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmanyinnovations，someusingsatellitetrackingandremotecommunications10，tofightagainstcartheft.Thesecommunicationsystemscanalsocomeintoplay11ifyoucrash,automaticallycallingforhelp.Accidentscausemanytrafficjams，buttherearemoresubtleinterplaysbetweenvehiclesthatcancausejamsevenonaclearbutbusyroad.Suchjamscanbeanalysedusingstatisticaltools.Roboticdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflowsmoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryone'spersonalchauffeur,buttheirlatesteffortssuggestthatwon'tbesoon.第五篇Late-NightDrinking在深夜飲咖啡Coffeeloversbeware.Havingaquick“pick-me-up"cupofcoffee1lateinthedaywillplayhavocwith2yoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulant,caffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin,thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2amand4am,.beforefallingagain3."It'stheneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowake，”saysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody'slevelsofthissleephormone.LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlewellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecaf.Onaverage，subjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffee，comparedwith415minutesafterdecaf.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff4一twiceaslongasusual一 http://emrowgh.com hesecondphaseoftheexperiment,theresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicine,theresearcherssuggest6thatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.Becauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebody，Ohayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecafafterlunch.六MakingLightofSleep不要太在意睡眠Allwehaveaclocklocatedinsideourbrains.Similartoyourbedsidealarmclock,yourinternalclockrunsona24-hourcycle.Thiscycle,calledacircadianrhythm,helpscontrolwhenyouwake,whenyoueatandwhenyousleep.Somewherearoundpuberty,somethinghappensinthetimingofthebiologicalclock.Theclockpushesforward,soadolescentsandteenagersareunabletofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.Whenyourmothertellsyouit'stimeforbed,yourbodymaybepushingyoutostayupforseveralhoursmore.AndthelightcomingfromyourcomputerscreenorTVcouldbepushingyoutostayupevenlater.Thisshiftisnaturalforteenagers.Butstayingupverylateandsleepinglatecangetyourbody'sclockoutofsyncwiththecycleoflightanddark.Itcanalsomakeithardtogetoutofbedinthemorningandmaybringotherproblems,too.Teenagersareputinakindofagraycloudwhentheydon'tgetenoughsleep,saysMaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityinProvidence,RI.Itaffectstheirmoodandtheirabilitytothinkandlearn.Butjustlikeyouralarmclock,yourinternalclockcanbereset.Infact,itautomaticallyresetsitselfeveryday.How?Byusingthelightitgetsthroughyoureyes.Scientistshaveknownforalongtimethatthelightofdayandthedarkofnightplayimportantrolesinsettingourinternalclocks.Foryears,researchersthoughtthatthesignalsthatsynchronizetheboButrecentdiscoveriesshowthatthehumaneyehastwoseparatelight-sensingsystems.Onesystemallowsustosee.Thesecondsystemtellsourbodywhetherit'sdayornight.七SugarPowerforCellPhones用糖為手機(jī)發(fā)電Usingenzymescommonlyfoundinlivingcells,anewtypeoffuelcellproducessmallamountsofelectricityfromsugar.Ifthetechnologyisabletosucceedinmaproduction,youmaysomedayshareyoursweetdrinkswithyourcellphone.Infuelcells,chemicalreactionsgenerateelectricalcurrents.Theproceusuallyreliesonpreciousmetals,suchasplatinum.Inlivingcells,enzymesperformasimilarjob,breakingdownsugarstoobtainelectronsandproduceenergy.Whenresearcherspreviouslyusedenzymesinfuelcells,theyhadtroublekeepingthemactive,saysShelleyD．MinteerofStLouisUniversity.Whereasbiologicalcellscontinuallyproducefreshenzymes,there'snomechanisminfuelcellstoreplaceenzymesastheyquicklydegrade.MinteerandTamaraKlotzbach,alsoofStLouisUniversity,havenowdevelopedpolymersthatwraparoundanenzymeandpreserveitinamicroscopicpocket."Wetailorthesepocketstoprovidetheidealmicroenvironment"fortheenzyme, http://emrowgh.com henewfuelcell,tinypolymerbagsofenzymeareembeddedinamembranethatcoatsoneoftheelectrodes.Whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgetsintoapocket,theenzymeoxidizesit,releasingelectronsandprotons.Theelectronscrothemembraneandenterawirethroughwhichtheytraveltotheotherelectrode,wheretheyreactwithoxygenintheatmospheretoproducewater.Theflowofelectronsthroughthewireconstitutesanelectricalcurrentthatcangeneratepower.Sofar,thenewfuelcellsdon'tproducemuchpower,butthefactthattheyworkatallisexciting,saysPaulKenis,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign."Justgettingittowork,"Kenissays,"isamajoraccomplishment."Sugar-eatingfuelcellscouldbeanefficientwaytomakeelectricity.Sugariseasytofind.Andthenewfuelcellsthatrunonitarebiodegradable,sothetechnologywouldn'thurttheenvironment.Thescientistsarenowtryingtousedifferentenzymesthatwillgetmorepowerfromsugar.Theypredictthatpopularproductsmaybeusingthenewtechnologyinaslittleas3years.八EiffelIsanEyeful引人注目的埃菲爾鐵塔Some300metersup,neartheEiffelTower'swind-whippedsummittheworldcomestoscribble.Japanese,Brazilians,Americans--theygraffititheirnames,lovesandpoliticsonthecoldiron--transformingthemostFrenchofmonumentsintosymbolofaworldonthemove.WithParislaidoutinminiaturebelow,itseemsstrangethatvisitorswouldratherwastetimemarkingtheirpresencethanadmiringtheview.Butthegraffitialsoraisesaquestion:Why,nearly114yearsafteritwascompleted,anddecadesafteritceasedtobetheworld'stalleststructure,islaTourEiffelstillsopopular?Thereasonsareascomplexastheironworkthatgracesastructuresome90storieshigh.Butpartoftheansweris,nodoubt,itsagelessness.Regularlymaintained,itshouldneverrustaway.Graffitiisregularlypaintedover,butthetowerliveson."EiffelrepresentsParisandParisisFrance.Itisverysymbolic."saysHuguesRichard,a31-year-oldFrenchmanwhoholdstherecordforcyclinguptothetower'ssecondfloor--747stepsin19minutesand4seconds,withouttouchingthefloorwithhisfeet."It'sironlady,it
inspiresus．"hesays.Buttowhat?Afterall,thetowerdoesn'thaveapurpose.Itceasedtobetheworld'stallestin1930whentheChryslerBuildingwentupinNewYork.Yes,televisionandradiosignalsarebeamedfromthetop,andGustaveEiffel,afreneticbuilderwhodiedonDecember27,aged91,useditsheightforconductingresearchintoweather,aerodynamicsandradiocommunication.Butinessencethetowerinspiressimplybybeingthere--ablankcanvasforvisitorstomakeofitwhattheywill.Tothetechnicallyminded,it'sanengineeringtriumph.Forlovers,it'sromantic."Thetowerwilloutlastallofus,andbyalongway,"saysIsabelleEsnous,whosecompanymanagesEiffelTower.十YoungFemaleChimpsOutlearnTheirBrothers年輕雌猩猩學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)于她們的弟兄Youngfemalechimpsarefasterandbetterlearnersthanyoungmalechimps,suggestsanewstudy,echoinglearningdifferencesseeninhumangirlsandboys.Whileyoungmalechimpspatheirtinplaying,youngfemalechimpscarefullystudytheirmothers.Asaresult,theylearnhowtofishfortastytermitesnacksovertwoyearsbeforetheboys.ElizabethLonsdorf,nowatLincolnParkZooinChicago,US,andcolleaguesattheUniversityofMinnesota,SaintPaul,spentfouryearswatchinghowyoungchimpanzeesintheGombeNationalParkinTanzanialearned"culturalbehavior".Thesexdifferencesinlearningbehaviorwere"consistentandstrikinglyapparent",saystheteam.Theresearcherspointoutthatsimilardifferencesareseeninhumanchildrenwithregardtoskillssuchaswriting."Asex-basedlearningdifferencesmaythereforedatebackatleasttothelastcommonancestorofchimpanzeesandhumans,"theywriteinthejournalNature.Chimpsmakeflexibletoolsfromvegetationandtheninsertthemintotermitemounds,extractthemandthenmunchthetermitesclingingontothetook.TheresearchersusedVideocamerastorecordthisfeedingbehaviorandfoundthateachchimpmotherhadherowntechnique,suchashowsheusedtoolsofdifferentlengths.Analysisofthesixinfantswhoseageswereknownshowedthatgirlchimpswereanaverageof31monthsoldwhentheysucceededinfishingouttheirtermites,wheretheboychimpswereaged58monthsonaverage.Femaleswerealsomoreskillfulatgettingoutmoretermiteswitheverydip7andusedtechniquessimilartotheirmotherswhilemalesdidnot.Insteadofstudyingtheirmothers,theboychimpsspentasignificantlygreateramountofonefrolickingaroundthetermitemound.Behaviorssuchasplayingorswingingmighthelpthemaleinfantslaterinlifewhentypic.gzpinda.comeimportant,suggesttheresearchers.Lonsdorfaddsthattherearejusttwomainsourcesofanimalproteinforchimps--thetermitesorcolobusmonkeys."Maturemalesoftenhuntmonkeysuptrees,butfemalesarealmostalwayseitherpregnantorburdenedwithaclinginginfants．Thismakeshuntingdifficult."shesays,"Adultfemalesspendmoretimefishingfortermitesthanmales.”Sobecomingproficientattermitefishingcouldmeanadultfemaleseatbetter,"TheycanwatchtheiroffspringatthesameTime.Theyoungofbothsexesseemtopursueactivitiesrelatedtotheiradultsexrolesataveryyoungage.十一WhenOurEyesServeOurStomach我們的視覺服務(wù)于我們的胃口Oursensesaren'tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat'sgoingonintheworld;they'reaffectedbywhat'sgoingoninourheads.Anewstudyfindsthathungrypeopleseefood-relatedwordsmoreclearlythanpeoPsychologistshaveknownfordecadesthatwhat'sgoingoninsideourheadaffectsoursenses.Forexample,poorerchildrenthinkcoinsarclargerthantheyare,andhungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarcbrighter.RemiRadelofUniversityofNiceSophia-Antipolis,France,wantedtoinvestigatehowthishappens.Docsithappenfightawayasthebrainreceivessignalsfromtheeyesoralittlelaterasthebrain'shigh-levelthinkingprocessesgetinvolved.Radelrecruited42studentswithanormalbodymaindex.Onthedayofhisorhertest,eachstudentwastoldtoarriveatthelabatnoonafterthreeorfourhoursofnoteating.Thentheyweretoldtherewasadelay.Someweretoldtocomebackin10minutes;othersweregivenanhourtogetlunchfirst.SohalfthestudentswerehungrywhentheydidtheexperimentandtheotherhalfhadjusteatenFortheexperiment,theparticipantlookedatacomputerscreen.Onebyone,80wordsflashedonthescreenforabout1/300thofasecondeach.Theyflashedatsosmallasizethatthestudentscouldonlyconsciouslyperceive.Aquarterofthewordswerefood-related.Aftereachword,eachpersonwasaskedhowbrightthewordwasandaskedtochoosewhichoftwowordsthey'dseenafood-relatedwordlikecakeoraneutralwordlikeboat.Eachwordappearedtoobrieflyfortheparticipanttoreallyreadit.Hungrypeoplesawthefood-relatedwordsasbrighterandwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisinperception,notinthinkingprocesses,Radelsays.Thisissomethinggreattome.Humanscanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromtheexperiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalof6ourmotivesandneeds,"Radelsays.十二FloridaHitbyColdAirMa佛羅里達(dá)遭受冷氣團(tuán)襲擊InJanuary,2003,theeasterntwo-thirdsoftheUnitedStateswasatthemercyofabitterlycoldairmathathasendangeredFlorida'scitrustrees,chokednorthernharborswithiceandleftbewilderedresidentsofNorthCarolina'sOuterBanksdiggingoutofuptoafootofsnow.TheicechilldeepenedastemperaturesfelltothesingledigitsinmostoftheSouth,withanunfamiliardipbelowthefreezingmarkasfarsouthaspartsofinteriorSouthFlorida.TemperaturesinFloridaplunged,withWestPalmBeachdroppingtoarecordlowof2degrees."Wecouldn'tbelievehowcolditwas,"saidMartinKing,whoarrivedthisweekinOrlandofromEngland."Webroughtshorts,T-shirt,andIhadtogooutandbuyanothercoat."ThetemperatureplungeposedathreattoFlorida'sUS$9．1billion-a-yearcitruscrop,moreofwhichisstillonthetrees.Growerswerehurryingtoharvestasmuchofthefruitaspossiblebeforeitwasdamagedbycold."Timeisoftheessenceingettingfruittotheplant,"saidTomRogers,acitrusgrowerwhoexpectedtoseedamagetoorangesandgrapefruitatthattime.InFlorida,GovernorJebBushsignedanemergencyordertoeliminatetheweightlimitontruckssocitrusgrowerscouldgetasmuchfruittomarketaspossible.CaseyPace,aspokeswomanforFloridaCitrusMutual,saidgrowershadsprayedtreeswithsprinklers,whichcreatedalayeroficeandhelpedmaintainatemperaturenearfreezing.Citrustreesareconsideredindangerofdamageifthetemperaturedropsbelowminus2degreesCelsiusforfourhoursormore.Snowrangingfromadustingtoupto30centimetersblanketedtheCarolinas,TennesseeandpartsofVirginia.十三InvisibilityRing隱形環(huán)Scientistscan'tyetmakeaninvisibilitycloakliketheonethatHarryPotteruses.But,forthefirsttime,they'veconstructedasimplecloakingdevicethatmakesitselfandsomethingplacedinsideitinvisibletomicrowaves.Whenaperson"sees"anobject,hisorhereyesensesmanydifferentwavesofvisiblelightastheybounceofftheobject.Theeyeandbrainthenworktogethertoorganizethesesensationsandreconstructtheobject'soriginalshape.So,tomakeanobjectinvisible,scientistshavetokeepwavesfrombouncingoffit.Andtheyhavetomakesuretheobjectcastsnoshadow.Otherwise,theabsenceofInvisibilityisn'tpossibleyetwithwavesoflightthatthehumaneyecansee.Butitisnowpossiblewithmicrowaves.Likevisiblelight,microwavesareaformofradiantenergy.Theyarepartoftheelectromagneticspectrum,whichalsoincludesradiowaves,infraredlight,ultravioletrays,Xrays,andgammarays.Thewavelengthsofmicrowaves
areshorterthanthoseofradiowavesbutlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight.Thescientists'new"invisibilitydevice"isthesizeofadrinkcoasterandshapedlikearing.Theringismadeofaspecialmaterialwithunusualability.Whenmicrowavesstrikethering,veryfewbounceoffit.Instead,theypathroughthering,whichbendsthewavesallthewayarounduntiltheyreachtheoppositeside.Thewavesthenreturntotheiroriginalpaths.Toadetectorsetuptoreceivemicrowavesontheothersideofthering,itlooksasifthewavesneverchangedtheirpaths--asiftherewerenoobjectintheway!So,theringiseffectivelyinvisible.Whentheresearchersputasmallcopperloopinsidethering,it,too,isnearlyinvisible.However,thecloakingdeviceandanythinginsideitdocastapaleshadow.Andthedeviceworksonlyformicrowaves,notforvisiblelightoranykindofelectromagneticradiation.So,HarryPotter'sinvisibilitycloakdoesn'thaveanyrealcompetitionyet.十四JapaneseCarKeepsWatchforDrunkDrivers日本用來監(jiān)視醉酒司機(jī)的新型概念車AconceptcardevelopedbyJapanesecompanyNissanhasabreathalyzer-likedetectionsystemandotherinstrumentsthatcouldhelpkeepdrunkorover-tireddriversofftheroad.Thecar'ssensorscheckodorsinsidethecarandmonitoradriver'ssweatfortracesofalcohol.Anin-carcomputersystemcanissueanalertorevenlockuptheignitionsystemifthedriverseemsover-the-limit.Theairodorsensorsarefixedfirmlyanddeeplyinthedriverandpassengerseats,whileadetectorinthegear-shiftknobmeasuresperspirationfromthedriver'spalm.Othercarmakershavedevelopedsimilardetectionsystems.Forexample,Sweden'sVolvohasdevelopedabreathalyzerattachedtoacar'sseatbeltthatdriversmustblowintobeforetheenginewillstart.Nissan'snewconceptvehiclealsoincludesadashboard-mountedcamerathattracksadriversalertnebymonitoringtheireyes.ItwillsoundanalarmandissueaspokenwarninginJapaneseorEnglishifitjudgesthatthedriverneedstopulloverandrest.Thecartechnologyisstillindevelopment,butgeneralmanagerKazuhiroDoisaysthecombinationofdifferentdetectionsystemsshouldimprovetheoveralleffectiveneofthetechnology."Forexample,ifthegear-shiftsensorwasbypassedbyapassengerusingitinsteadofthedriver,thefacialrecognitionsystemwouldstillbeused,"Doisays.Nissanhasnospecifictimetableformarketingthesystem,butaimstousetechnologytocutthenumberoffatalitiesinvolvingitsvehiclestohalf1995levelsby2016.Thecar'sseatbeltcanalsotightenifdrowsineisdetected,whileanexternalcamerachecksthatthecariskeepingtoitslaneproperly.However,Doiadmitsthatsomeofthetechnology,suchasthealcoholodorsensor,shouldbeimproved."Ifyoudrinkonebeer,it'sgoingtoregister,soweneedtostudywhat'stheappropriatelevelforthesystemtoactivate," http://emrowgh.com heUK,someresearchgroupsareusingsimilaradvancedtechniquestounderstanddriverbehaviorandtheeffectiveneofdifferentroaddesigns.十五WingedRobotLearnstoFly肋生雙翅機(jī)器人學(xué)飛行Learninghowtoflytooknaturemillionsofyearsoftrialanderror--butawingedrobothascrackeditinonlyafewhours,usingthesameevolutionaryprinciples.KristerWolffandPeterNordinofChalmersUniversityofTechnology(CUT)inGothenburg,Sweden,builtawingedrobotandsetabouttestingwhetheritcouldlearntoflybyitself,withoutanypre-programmeddataonwhatflappingisorhowtodoit.Tobeginwith,therobotjusttwitchedandjerkederratically.But,gradually,itmademovementsthatgainedheight.Atfirst,itcheated--simplystandingonitswingtipswasoneearlyshortcut.Afterthreehours,however,therobotabandonedsuchmethodsinfavorofamoreeffectiveflappingtechnique,whereitrotateditswingsthrough90degreesandraisedthembeforetwistingthembacktothehorizontalandpushingdown."Thistellsusthatthiskindofevolutioniscapableofcorningupwithflyingmotion,"saysPeterBentley,whoworksonevolutionaryComputingatUniversityCollegeLondon.Butwhiletherobothadworkedouthowbesttoproducelift,itwasnotabouttotakeoff."There'sonlysomuchthatevolutioncando,"Bentleysays."Thisthingisnevergoingtoflybecausethemotorswillneverhavethestrengthtodoit,"hesays.Therobothadmetre-longwingsmadefrombalsawoodandcoveredwithalightplasticfilm.Smallmotorsontherobotletitmoveitswingsforwardsorbackwards,upordownortwistthemineitherdirection.Theteamattachedtherobottotwoverticalrods,soitcouldslideupanddown.Atthestartofatest,therobotwassuspendedbyanelasticband.Amovementdetectormeasuredhowmuchlift,ifany,therobotproducedforanygivenmovement.Acomputerprogramfedtherobotrandominstructions,attherateof20persecond,totestitsflappingabilities.Eachinstructiontoldtheroboteithertodonothingortomovethewingsslightlyinthevariousdirections.Feedbackfromthemovementdetectorlettheprogramworkoutwhichsetsofinstructionswerebestatproducinglift.ThemostSuccessfuloneswerepairedupand"offspring"setsofinstructionsweregeneratedbyswappinginstructionsrandomlybetweensuccessfulpairs.Thesenext-generationinstructionswerethensenttotherobotandevaluatedbeforebreedinganewgeneration,andtheprocewasrepeated.十六JapaneseDrillingintoCoreofEarth日本人的地心旅行InwhatresemblesajourneytothecenteroftheEarth,Japanesescientistshavelaunchedtheworld'sfirstattempttoboreaholeintothered-hotcoreofavolcanoandunlockthesecretsofdeadlyeruption.A50-meter-highoil-rig-likederrickperchedonthescrubbyslopesofJapan'sMountUnzenwillbegindrillingthroughthevolcano'scrustnextweekinabidtosamplethemagmabubblingbelow.Theaimistostudyhowtheliquefiedrockcausesmenacinggasbuildup,saidteamleaderSetsuyaNakata,oftheUniversityofTokyo'sEarthquakeResearchInstitute.Gassingisimportantbecauseitcontrolstheexplosivityoferuptions,"Nakatasaid,"Theresultscanbeexpandedtoanti-disasterresearch."MountUnzen,awind-swept1,486-meterdomeonthesouthernislandofKyushu,isaperfectmodel.Iteruptedin1991,showeringavalanchesofhotrocksoveranearbytown,killing43peopleandleavingnearly2,300homeless.Another11,000peoplewereevacuatedfromtheareauntil1995,whenthevolcanohadstabilized.TheresultsareparticularlyimportanttoanationlikeJapan,wherethemeteorologicalagencymonitors20dangerouspeaks.PerhapsJapan'smostfamousvolcanoissnowcappedMountFuji,whichlasteruptedin1707andsprinkledTokyowithash.ThedrillingonMountUnzenwillbeginverysoonfromanaltitudeof850metersonitsnorthwestslope.ScientistshopetotapamagmaventaroundsealevelbyAugustandextracta200-meter-longcoresamplebysummer2004.Boringintotheglowingmagmaatthatlevelwouldnormallybeimpossible,becauseofitsfiery700degreeCelsiusheat.Thus,aslurryofwaterwillbepumpedintothedrillshafttoCoolthemagmaandallowthedriNakatasaidthereisnodangeroftriggeringanothereruption.
2016年職稱英語概括大意和完成句子(1)MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing
第一篇MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing
1Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknown,newresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.
2InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup19or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleep,aswellasanumberofothersleepproblems,thanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.2
3Thesefindings,whichDr.DanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine3,demonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetaside4morethan8hoursanight.Headdedthat“itmightbeagoodidea”forpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbed,butcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.
4Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep—forinstance,onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplethan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.
5Forthecurrentreport,Kripkereviewedtheresponsesof1,004adultstosleepquestionnaires,inwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight,arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep,andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning5.
6Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.Inaninterview,Kripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidence,headdedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospendletimeinbed.“Itstandstoreasons6thatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbed,thenthey’llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake,”hesaid.
詞匯:refresh/ri5freF/v.使精力恢復(fù)fatigue/fE5ti:^/n.疲勞questionnaire/7kwestiE5nZE/n.問卷caution/5kC:FEn/v.警告psychosomatic/7saikEusEu5mAtik/adj.（指疾�。┯蒳nsomnia/in5sCmniE/n.失眠精神壓力引起的habitually/hE5bItjJElI/adv.習(xí)慣地注釋：
1.clockup:時(shí)間達(dá)到
2.theyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers:falling和feeling都是說明trouble的。全句可譯為：與8小時(shí)睡眠者相比，他們在入睡和經(jīng)過一夜睡眠恢復(fù)精力方面有更多的麻煩。
3.PsychosomaticMedicine：《心身醫(yī)學(xué)》(醫(yī)學(xué)雜志名)
4.setaside：留出
5.havingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning：感到疲乏影響日常工作。
6.standtoreason：是當(dāng)然的，是合情合理的
練習(xí):
1.Paragraph2AKripke’sResearchTool
2.Paragraph4BCDangersofHabitualShortagesofSleepCriticismonKripke’sReport
3.Paragraph5DAWayofOvercomingInsomnia
4.Paragraph6EFSleepProblemsofLongandShortSleepersClassificationofSleepProblems
5.Togetagoodnight’srest,peoplemaynotneedto.
6.Longsleepersarereportedtobemorelikelyto.
7.Oneofthesleepproblemsiswakinginthemiddleofthenight,unableto.
8.Onesurveyshowedthatpeoplewhohabituallyeachnighthaveahigherriskofdying.
Afallasleepagain
Bbecomemoreenergeticthefollowingday
Csleeplethan7hours
Dconfirmthoseseriousconsequences
Esuffersleepproblems
Fsleepmorethan8hours
答案與題解:
1.E第二段列舉了睡眠時(shí)間多于或少于8小時(shí)而帶來的多種sleepproblems。
2.B第四段闡述了長期睡眠不足所帶來的嚴(yán)重后果，
3.A第五段介紹了Kripke的調(diào)查工具(tool)。他用的是有關(guān)睡眠的問卷。問卷包括兩大內(nèi)容：睡眠時(shí)間及睡眠困擾問題。
4.D第六段的昀后兩句是：“…onewaytohelpinsomniaistospendletimeinbed.”和“Itstandstoreasonthatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbed,thenthey’llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake.”這是選擇D的依據(jù)。
5.F選擇F的依據(jù)是第三段的第一句。原文是：“…peoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hoursanight.”
6.E選擇E的依據(jù)是第六段的第一句，原文是:“…peoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.”
7.A本題答案的依據(jù)是第五段第二句：“Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight，arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep…”
8.C本題答案的依據(jù)是第四段：“…onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplethan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.”
第一篇每晚只需8個(gè)小時(shí)，睡眠過多非益事
睡眠不足帶來的危害已經(jīng)廣為人知，而一項(xiàng)新的研究表明睡眠過多同樣會產(chǎn)生不良后果。
圣地亞哥加利福尼亞大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在入睡、保持睡眠等方面，每晚睡9或10小時(shí)的人比睡8小時(shí)的人存在更多問題。與8小時(shí)睡眠者相比，每晚僅睡7個(gè)小時(shí)的人則表示，他們在入睡及經(jīng)過一夜睡眠后精力恢復(fù)方面有更多的麻煩。
DanielKripke愽士在《心身醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志上報(bào)告的這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，人們?nèi)绻胪砩闲菹⒑茫刻炝艚o睡眠的時(shí)間只需8個(gè)小時(shí)。他補(bǔ)充說，對于那些每晚睡8個(gè)小時(shí)以上的人們來說，考慮減少在床上度過的時(shí)間“也許是個(gè)好主意”。不過他又提醒說這還需要進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)。以往的研究證明了長期睡眠缺乏的潛在危機(jī)。有報(bào)告顯示，睡眠經(jīng)常少于7小時(shí)的人比睡眠充足者，在特定時(shí)期內(nèi)死亡的機(jī)率更高。
而在目前這份報(bào)告中，Kripke考評了一份1004名成年人參與反饋的睡眠調(diào)查問卷。問卷內(nèi)容涉及每周睡眠時(shí)間和各種可能的睡眠問題，包括半夜驚醒、清晨早醒、無法重新入睡，以及白天疲勞影響日常工作等。Kripke發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡9～10小時(shí)的人比睡8個(gè)小時(shí)的人更容易出現(xiàn)各類睡眠問題。在一次訪談中，Kripke注意到睡眠時(shí)間長的人夜間可能難以入眠，正是因?yàn)樗麄兯锰嗔�。因此他補(bǔ)充說，治療失眠昀好的一種方法就是少睡點(diǎn)兒�！霸诖采匣ǖ臅r(shí)間過長，醒著的時(shí)間就會更多，這是理所當(dāng)然的�！�