端午節(jié)的習(xí)俗中英文版

　　在平時的學(xué)習(xí)、工作或生活中，大家都不可避免地要接觸到端午節(jié)吧，下是小編精心整理的端午節(jié)的習(xí)俗中英文版，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

　　中文版

　　端午節(jié)源自天象崇拜，由上古時代祭龍演變而來。仲夏端午，蒼龍七宿飛升至正南中央，正如《易經(jīng)》九五爻：“飛龍在天”古人在“飛龍在天”吉日拜祭龍祖，以及舉辦一些喜慶的活動，特別是與龍相應(yīng)的活動元素，如賽龍舟這類活動，或是借此吉日做一些祈福辟邪的活動等。端午是“龍的節(jié)日”，龍及龍舟文化貫穿在端午節(jié)的歷史傳承中。

　　端午習(xí)俗內(nèi)容豐富多彩，全國各地因地域文化不同而又存在著習(xí)俗內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)上的差異。這些節(jié)俗圍繞著祭龍、祈福、攘災(zāi)等形式展開，寄托了人們迎祥納福、辟邪除災(zāi)的愿望。傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日儀式與相關(guān)習(xí)俗活動，是節(jié)日元素的重要內(nèi)容。端午節(jié)期間通過各種傳統(tǒng)民俗活動展演，既能豐富群眾精神文化生活，又能很好的傳承和弘揚傳統(tǒng)文化。

　　端午習(xí)俗

　　端午節(jié)，是集拜神祭祖、祈福辟邪、歡慶娛樂和飲食為一體的民俗大節(jié)。習(xí)俗主要有劃龍舟、祭龍、采草藥、掛艾草、打午時水、洗草藥水、拜神祭祖、浸龍舟水、吃龍舟飯、食粽子、放紙龍、放紙鳶、拴五色絲線、佩香囊等等。作為中國的四大傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一，它不僅清晰地記錄著先民豐富而多彩的社會生活文化內(nèi)容，也積淀著博大精深的歷史文化內(nèi)涵。端午節(jié)源自天象崇拜，由上古時代祭龍演變而來。仲夏端午，蒼龍七宿飛升至正南中央，正如《易經(jīng)》九五爻：“飛龍在天”古人在“飛龍在天”吉日拜祭龍祖，以及舉辦一些喜慶的活動，特別是與龍相應(yīng)的活動元素，如賽龍舟這類活動，或是借此吉日做一些祈福辟邪的活動等。端午是“龍的節(jié)日”，龍及龍舟文化貫穿在端午節(jié)的歷史傳承中。端午習(xí)俗內(nèi)容豐富多彩，全國各地因地域文化不同而又存在著習(xí)俗內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)上的差異。這些節(jié)俗圍繞著祭龍、祈福、攘災(zāi)等形式展開，寄托了人們迎祥納福、辟邪除災(zāi)的愿望。傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日儀式與相關(guān)習(xí)俗活動，是節(jié)日元素的重要內(nèi)容。端午節(jié)期間通過各種傳統(tǒng)民俗活動展演，既能豐富群眾精神文化生活，又能很好的傳承和弘揚傳統(tǒng)文化。

　　歷史淵源

　　“五月五，是端陽；吃粽子，掛香囊；門插艾，香滿堂；龍舟下水喜洋洋�！倍宋绻�(jié)蘊含著中華民族優(yōu)秀的傳統(tǒng)文化。在數(shù)千年的歲月砥礪中，端午節(jié)形成了豐富多樣的文化習(xí)俗。這些端午習(xí)俗清晰地記錄了中華民族先民豐富而多彩的社會生活文化內(nèi)容。

　　“端午”的“端”字本義為“正”，“午”為“中”�！岸宋纭保�“中正”也，這天午時則為正中之正。仲夏午月午日飛龍在天，此時龍星處在正南中天，為全年周天運行最“中正”之位，既“得中”又“得正”，乃大吉大利之象。古人歷來崇尚中、正之道，“中正”之道在此表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。另，端亦有“初”的意思，因此午（五）月的第一個午日，亦謂端午。

　　端午節(jié)最初是午月午日，有時還突出它的正時是在午時，所以也叫重午節(jié)：午月為斗柄指午之月；午日即十二支紀(jì)日的第一個午日。經(jīng)歷史發(fā)展，后來被定在五月初五。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，端午節(jié)的名稱在中國所有傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中叫法最多，達二十多個，如有端陽節(jié)、重午節(jié)、龍舟節(jié)、正陽節(jié)、端五節(jié)、重五節(jié)、當(dāng)五汛、天中節(jié)、夏節(jié)、上日、五月節(jié)、菖蒲節(jié)、天醫(yī)節(jié)、草藥節(jié)、浴蘭節(jié)、躲午節(jié)、屈原日、女兒節(jié)、午日節(jié)、地臘節(jié)、詩人節(jié)、龍日節(jié)、粽子節(jié)、五黃節(jié)、解粽節(jié)、端禮節(jié)等。

　　節(jié)日由來

　　天象崇拜

　　端午節(jié)源自天象崇拜，由上古時代祭龍演變而來。仲夏端午，蒼龍七宿飛升至正南中央，正如《易經(jīng)·乾卦》第五爻的爻辭曰：“飛龍在天”。我國古代的星象文化源遠流長、博大精深，上古時代人們定天之象、法地之儀，根據(jù)日月星辰的運行軌跡和位置，將黃道和赤道附近的區(qū)域分作“二十八宿”，在東方的“角、亢、氐、房、心、尾、箕”組成一個完整的龍形星象，即為“蒼龍七宿”。蒼龍七宿的出沒周期與一年四時周期相一致，春季于東方抬頭，夏季于南方騰升，秋季于西方退落，冬季即隱沒于北方地平線下。仲夏端午“飛龍在天”，蒼龍的主星“大火”（心宿二）高懸正南中天，龍氣旺盛。古人歷來崇尚中、正之道，在《易經(jīng)》中，“飛龍在天”既“得中”又“得正”，大吉大利。

　　端午節(jié)

　　古老節(jié)日是古老文化傳承的載體，選擇在端午舉行祭龍節(jié)儀與蒼龍七宿正處南中的時節(jié)天象有關(guān)。在傳統(tǒng)文化中，方位和時間以及卦象是聯(lián)系在一起的，仲夏午月午日，龍星飛升至正南中天，即如《易經(jīng)·乾卦》曰：“飛龍在天”；端午日龍星既“得中”又“得正”，處于“中正”之位，為大吉大利之象�！兑捉�(jīng)·乾卦》爻辭中所言的“龍”，實質(zhì)是對蒼龍七宿一年四時運行的闡發(fā)。天象“飛龍在天”被賦予多重含義和寄托，衍生祭龍以酬謝龍祖恩德、祈福納祥、驅(qū)邪攘災(zāi)的禮俗。端午文化充分體現(xiàn)了中華民族先民“天人合一”的自然觀。端午節(jié)的起源涵蓋了古老星象文化、人文哲學(xué)等方面內(nèi)容，蘊含著深邃豐厚的文化內(nèi)涵；在傳承發(fā)展中雜揉了多種民俗為一體，節(jié)俗內(nèi)容豐富。

　　發(fā)展演變

　　古人對龍圖騰的崇拜，源于對天象的崇拜。仲夏端午蒼龍整個星座都出現(xiàn)在天空中最顯著的位置，最明顯的標(biāo)志是蒼龍的主星“大火”（心宿二），位于南方正中天�！兑捉�(jīng)·乾卦》中的爻辭“飛龍在天”、《堯典》中的“日永星火以正仲夏”、《夏小正》中的“五月初昏大火中”，講的都是此時的天象。仲夏端午，是”飛龍在天“的吉祥日子，古人在端午舉辦與龍相應(yīng)的活動，如拜祭龍圖騰、賽龍舟這類活動，或者是借此龍降吉祥日子做一些祈福辟邪的活動等；端午是“龍的節(jié)日”，龍及龍舟文化貫穿在端午節(jié)的歷史傳承中。賽龍舟歷史久遠，據(jù)河姆渡遺址和田螺山遺址的史前文化表明，早在7000年前，就有了獨木舟和木槳，龍舟最初原形是單木舟上雕刻龍形的獨木舟。近代大量出土文物和考古研究表明：早在上古時代，先民便創(chuàng)造出璀璨的高度文明。出土的文物和歷史傳說示明，他們有斷發(fā)紋身以像龍子的習(xí)俗，生活于水鄉(xiāng)，自比是龍的子孫，端午節(jié)就是他們創(chuàng)立用于祭祖的節(jié)日。

　　漢代是中國統(tǒng)一后第一個大發(fā)展時期，南北的經(jīng)濟文化交流使風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣也互相融合，這對節(jié)日習(xí)俗的傳播普及提供了良好的社會條件，端午節(jié)習(xí)俗就在南北風(fēng)俗融合的基礎(chǔ)上形成了。在北方有關(guān)龍舟、粽子、采藥、浴蘭等習(xí)俗的文字記載，最早是出現(xiàn)在兩漢文獻，據(jù)此可以推測，端午的習(xí)俗最初只在長江中下游以南地區(qū)流行，后來各地文化交流融合，這種習(xí)俗才傳到長江上游和北方地區(qū)。漢時期由于南北統(tǒng)一，歷法變動，朝廷為了方便過節(jié)，規(guī)定每年的端午節(jié)改為陰歷五月五日。端午節(jié)風(fēng)俗形成可以說是南北風(fēng)俗融合的產(chǎn)物，隨著歷史發(fā)展又注入新的內(nèi)容。

　　南北朝后端午節(jié)日被賦予了紀(jì)念屈原的人文內(nèi)涵，從文獻記載來看，最早將屈原和端午節(jié)聯(lián)系起來的，是南北朝時南梁吳均的神話志怪小說《續(xù)齊諧記》，此時屈原已去世750年以上。據(jù)考，許多流傳至今的端午習(xí)俗與屈原毫無關(guān)系。但千百年來，屈原已廣泛深入人心，人們“惜而哀之，世論其辭，以相傳焉”，在民俗文化領(lǐng)域，中國民眾把端午節(jié)的龍舟競渡和吃粽子等，都與紀(jì)念屈原聯(lián)系在一起。在歷史發(fā)展中，民俗“五月初五”被道教吸收作為臘祭日，為“三元五臘”之一。據(jù)《天皇至道太清玉冊》與《云笈七箋》中說，五月初五名地臘，五帝攢會之日，此日五方大帝會于南方三炁丹天，查生人祖考及見世子孫所行善惡，以定罪福，校定生人官爵。道教認(rèn)為一年中的幾個臘日是良辰吉日，適合祭祀祖先和諸神以獲得福佑。

　　在文字記載上，隋唐時期端午節(jié)從風(fēng)俗形式上都繼承了前朝。但是從性質(zhì)上講，原來有特定意義的節(jié)日風(fēng)俗活動，到此大多演變?yōu)楣?jié)日娛樂活動。唐玄宗《端午三殿宴群臣探得神字˙詩序》中記述：皇宮端午日盛況，召來儒雅臣僚，大張筵席，“廣殿肅而清氣生，列樹深而長風(fēng)至”。唐代端午龍舟競渡尤其值得一道，在唐代全盛時期，人民生活相對穩(wěn)定，在節(jié)日娛樂方面，一方面是上行下效，蔚成風(fēng)氣，另一方面對民間的一些風(fēng)俗活動也受到官府的支持。因此，競渡之風(fēng)尤為鼎盛。張說《岳州觀競渡》詩中描寫當(dāng)時競渡情景道：“畫作飛鳧艇，雙雙競拂流。低裝山色變，急棹水華浮�！�

　　宋代以后，端午節(jié)許多風(fēng)俗有了新變化。漢魏時以朱索、桃印施于門戶，止惡氣驅(qū)瘟避邪，而宋代卻講究貼天師符。陳元靚《歲時廣記》引《歲時雜記》云：“端午，都人畫天師像以賣�！边�有合泥作張?zhí)鞄�，以艾為頭，以蒜為拳，置于門戶上。蘇子由作《皇太妃合端午帖子》詩中就有“太醫(yī)爭獻天師艾，瑞霧長繞堯母門�！倍宋绻�(jié)俗也被遼、金兩國吸收。如《遼史˙禮志》就記載遼國重午朝儀，皇帝要系長壽彩縷才升坐。對南北臣僚也要各賜壽縷。此外金國在端午節(jié)還有拜天之禮、射柳之俗及擊鞠娛樂活動�！督鹗法B世宗本紀(jì)》就記載：大定三年重午，金世宗“幸廣樂園射柳，勝者賜物有差，復(fù)御常武殿，賜宴擊鞠，自是歲以為常�！�

　　明清時期，端午風(fēng)俗活動形式變化雖不大，但是規(guī)模卻愈來愈盛行。尤其南方龍舟競渡，成為轟動一時的盛舉。據(jù)《武陵競渡略》記載，龍舟競渡已不限于端午一天。而是“四月八日揭篷打船，五日一日新船下水，五日十日十五日劃船賭賽，十八日送標(biāo)”。還有“五月十七、八打船，二十七、八送標(biāo)者”�？梢姼偠梢�(guī)模歷時經(jīng)月。對此事“或官府先禁后馳，民情先鼓后罷也�！饼埓�形制，中等長九丈五尺，長者有十一丈，短者也七丈五尺。劃龍舟的橈手都是從漁家嚴(yán)格挑選募徵身強力壯的健兒。龍船分白龍、黃龍、青龍、紅龍。不僅船身，就連船上那些旌旗羅傘的裝飾，以及劃船橈手們服裝乃至船槳都是一色。比賽時規(guī)定有賽龍場、比賽路線、并劃定起點和終點。在終點設(shè)有船標(biāo)，當(dāng)競渡龍舟到達終點時，投標(biāo)船就將標(biāo)投入水中，讓各船爭奪。

　　民間習(xí)俗

　　端午節(jié)是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)，它不僅清晰地記錄著先民豐富而多彩的社會生活文化內(nèi)容，也積淀著博大精深的歷史文化內(nèi)涵。祭龍、賽龍舟、食粽、祈福、辟邪等是端午節(jié)的習(xí)俗主題，龍及龍舟文化貫穿在端午節(jié)的歷史傳承中。由于地域廣大，南北風(fēng)俗各異，加上許多故事傳說，于是不僅產(chǎn)生了眾多相異的節(jié)名，而且南北各地也有著不盡相同的習(xí)俗，北方一些地方將端午視為“惡月惡日”。傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日儀式與相關(guān)習(xí)俗活動，是節(jié)日元素的重要內(nèi)容，承載著豐富多彩的節(jié)日文化內(nèi)涵。

　　端午節(jié)與春節(jié)等古老傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日一樣，是一個集祈福消災(zāi)、歡慶娛樂和飲食為一體的民俗大節(jié)，在傳承發(fā)展中雜揉了多地多種民俗為一體，節(jié)俗內(nèi)容豐富。仲夏端午，飛龍在天，龍氣旺盛，百邪皆避。端午習(xí)俗活動圍繞敬龍酬龍、祈福納祥、壓邪攘災(zāi)等形式展開，內(nèi)容豐富多彩，熱鬧喜慶。具體習(xí)俗活動主要有：賽龍舟、掛艾草與菖蒲、聚午宴、洗草藥水、放紙鳶、蕩秋千、貼“午時符”、系百索子、打午時水、浸龍舟水、放紙龍、龍船飯、睇龍船、點艾條、薰蒼術(shù)、贈香扇、曬百日姜、曬藥、掛黃葛藤、畫額、佩香囊、佩長命縷、拴五色線、食粽、采藥制茶、立蛋、佩豆娘、貼五毒圖、游旱龍、劃喜船、九獅拜象、搶青、馬拉溜、掛鐘馗像、品花宴等等。每到端午佳節(jié)，各種賀節(jié)活動在全國各地展開，節(jié)味濃郁，熱鬧喜氣。正如歌謠：“五月五，是端陽；吃粽子，掛香囊；門插艾，香滿堂；龍舟下水喜洋洋。

　　節(jié)慶食品諸如粽子、五黃、艾草糕、艾糍、打糕、煎堆、茶蛋、五毒餅、菖蒲酒、雄黃酒、午時茶等等。

　　賽龍舟是多人集體劃槳競賽，是端午節(jié)的一項重要活動，是古代龍圖騰祭祀的節(jié)儀，乃遺俗也。劃龍舟在我國南方沿海一帶仍十分流行，傳出國外后，深受各國人民的喜愛并形成了國際比賽。龍舟起源于何時，確切的時間難以考究。據(jù)《河姆渡遺址 第一期發(fā)掘報告》稱，早在7000年前，在沿海繁衍的遠古先民已用獨木刳成木舟，并加上木槳劃舟。龍舟競渡的風(fēng)俗各地都有，但尤以嶺南一帶花樣繁多，除了常見的“斗標(biāo)”和“趁景”外，還有種種形式。端午賽龍舟是民間信仰中龍崇拜的一種形式，即借龍之神威，祈福、辟邪。

　　這些龍船平時沉在江湖水底，也有把龍船安放在陸地的木架上，再搭棚架保護的，龍頭則放入祖祠供奉。每年的端午前擇吉日，龍船就下水或從水底浮起�！捌瘕堉邸焙�，還有采青和點睛等重要的儀式�！稄V州天河區(qū)志》記載：“起船時，要放鞭炮，敲鑼鼓，待船洗刷干凈并上油后，再拔幾根青草，放在船頭船尾，謂之起船采青。”龍船競渡前，先要請龍、祭神。在端午前要從水下起出，祭過神后，安上龍頭、龍尾，再準(zhǔn)備競渡。賽龍舟期間，每天早上將龍頭、龍尾從祠堂或廟里取出，每天晚上送回，迎送隊伍一定是龍頭先行、龍尾殿后。龍舟競渡分為請龍、祭龍神、游龍和收龍等幾個環(huán)節(jié)。端午有龍舟也有鳳舟。舊時人們祭祀龍神時氣氛很嚴(yán)肅，多祈求福佑、風(fēng)調(diào)雨順、去邪祟、攘災(zāi)異、事事如意。

　　劃龍舟一直是端午期間最盛大的活動，披紅掛綠、百龍匯集、村村歡笑的龍舟“趁景”和“探親”，鑼鼓喧天、爭先恐后、萬人爭睹的“斗標(biāo)”，以及一開數(shù)百圍的“龍舟飯”，都是不折不扣的民間狂歡。

　　掛艾草與菖蒲

　　在端午節(jié)，人們把插艾草和菖蒲作為重要內(nèi)容之一。菖蒲作為水生草本植物，有香氣，可開竅醒神。同時，菖蒲的葉子形狀似劍，民間稱之為“水劍”，寓意其可“斬千邪”。正因為這兩個原因，人們過端午節(jié)時，常在門前懸掛菖蒲。艾草代表招百福，是一種可以治病的藥草，插在門口，可使身體健康。

　　艾草在中國古代就一直是藥用植物，針灸里面的灸法，就是用艾草作為主要成分，放在穴道上進行灼燒來治病。每至端午節(jié)之際，人們總是將艾置于家中以“避邪”，干枯后的株體泡水熏蒸以達消毒止癢，產(chǎn)婦多用艾水洗澡或熏蒸。民諺說：“清明插柳，端午插艾”。有關(guān)艾草可以驅(qū)邪的傳說已經(jīng)流傳很久，主要是它具備醫(yī)藥的功能而來，如宗懔的《荊楚歲時記》中曰：“雞未鳴時，采艾似人形者，攬而取之，收以灸病，甚驗。是日采艾為人形，懸于戶上，可禳毒氣�！�

　　南北各地均有端午掛艾草習(xí)俗。南方視為天地純陽正氣吉日進行驅(qū)邪祛病，北方一些地方視為惡月惡日進行避惡避毒。

　　洗草藥水

　　洗草藥水，端午習(xí)俗之一，端午這天是草木一年中藥性最強的一天，端午日遍地皆藥。端午日洗草藥水可治皮膚病、去邪氣。端午期間，我國不少地方有采草藥煮草藥水沐浴的習(xí)俗，端午草藥的藥性在其中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。草藥水，即是古籍記載的沐蘭湯，關(guān)于洗草藥水習(xí)俗的現(xiàn)存文字記載最早見于西漢末的《大戴禮記·夏小正》中，但文中的蘭不是蘭花，而是菊科的佩蘭或草藥，有香氣，可煎水沐浴。《歲時廣記》卷二十二“采雜藥”引《荊楚歲時記》佚文：“五月五日，競采雜藥，可治百病。”此俗至今尚存，且廣泛流行。在廣東，兒童用苦草麥藥或艾、蒲、鳳仙、白玉蘭等花草煮水洗，少年、成年男子則到江河、海邊沖涼，謂之洗龍舟水，洗去晦氣，帶來好運。在湖南、廣西等地，則用柏葉、大風(fēng)根、艾草、菖蒲、桃葉等煮成藥水洗浴，不論男女老幼，全家都洗。

　　拜神祭祖

　　端午節(jié)由來于上古先民擇“飛龍在天”吉日拜祭龍祖、祈福納祥、辟邪攘災(zāi)。拜神祭祖是端午節(jié)重要習(xí)俗之一�！疤斓卣�，生之本也；先祖者，類之本也。”天地是生命的根本，祖先是人類的根本，祭祖是一種傳承孝道的習(xí)俗。按照民間的觀念，自己的祖先和天、地、神、一樣是應(yīng)該認(rèn)真頂禮膜拜的。因為列祖列宗的“在天之靈”，時時刻刻的在關(guān)心和注視著后代的子孫們，塵世的人要通過祭祀來祈求和報答他們的庇護和保佑。

　　佩香囊

　　佩香囊，是端午傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗之一。香囊內(nèi)通常填充一些具有芳香開竅的中草藥，有清香、驅(qū)蟲、避瘟、防病的功效。端陽以四色線系臂，并佩戴香囊，小巧玲瓏精致可觀。香囊又叫香袋、香包、荷包，一般是內(nèi)裝香料，用五色絲線纏繞而成，或者采用彩色綢緞或布塊包上棉花，摻和著川芎、白芷、排草、芩草、丁香、山艾、細(xì)辛、甘松、白芷、甘草、雄黃粉等中藥粉，再用彩綢扎繡而成，下邊還垂上紅、綠、青、藍、紫各種線穗，佩在胸前，香氣撲鼻。

　　佩香囊

　　端午節(jié)小孩佩香囊，傳說有避邪驅(qū)瘟之意。香囊作各種不同形狀，結(jié)成一串，形形色色，小巧可愛，現(xiàn)已成為一種普遍的工藝品。在中國南方一些城市，青年男女還用香囊來表達濃濃愛意。

　　挑“端午擔(dān)”

　　挑“端午擔(dān)”指的是過去每逢過農(nóng)歷端午節(jié)，“毛腳女婿”（寧波人稱已定親的準(zhǔn)女婿為“毛腳女婿”）要用披紅掛彩的米籮筐，挑上一份厚重的禮品到女方家里去，這便是挑“端午擔(dān)”。端午擔(dān)里的各樣物品，數(shù)量成雙，寓意“成雙成對”，到了丈母娘家中，丈母娘會將端午擔(dān)里的點心等禮品分送給親戚朋友，寓意定親成禮，送嫁開始。在毛腳女婿回家之前，丈母娘還會自備禮品，讓女婿帶回，寓意“回禮”。女婿的端午之行，才正式結(jié)束。

　　鑄陽燧

　　東漢王充的《論衡》記載了端午節(jié)“鑄陽燧”的禮儀習(xí)俗：“陽燧取火于天，于五月丙午日中之時，消煉五石，鑄以為器，摩勵生光，仰以向日，則火來至，此取真火之道也”。古人認(rèn)為，午月午日午時具三重之火，是陽氣極盛之時，在此時刻以火克金，是最佳的熔金鑄鏡的時刻，鑄成的銅鏡具有不可思議的神力。以鏡辟邪的習(xí)俗，在南方沿海一帶有著廣泛的應(yīng)用和遺傳，常能見到出生不久的小孩子，身上佩帶著銀制的鏡子等飾物，這類銀飾、小鏡子等，就是用于孩子們辟邪。新建的寺廟道觀，其屋脊的正中也往往裝飾著銅鏡。就是現(xiàn)代小區(qū)嶄新建筑的門、窗上方，也往往能發(fā)現(xiàn)懸掛著的鏡子，這些都是用于所謂的辟邪。由此可見鏡子辟邪的文化信仰在民間根深蒂固。

　　拴五色絲線

　　拴五色絲線(4張)

　　五色絲線，又俗稱五色絲、五彩絲。古俗名稱避兵繒、朱索等。系在蚊帳、搖籃上的又叫宛轉(zhuǎn)繩、健繩。中國古代崇敬五色，以五色為吉祥色。因而，節(jié)日清晨，各家大人起床后第一件大事便是在孩子手腕、腳腕、脖子上拴五色線。系線時，禁忌兒童開口說話。傳統(tǒng)之俗，用紅綠黃白黑色粗絲線搓成彩色線繩，系在小孩子的手臂或頸項上，自五月五日系起，一直至七夕“七娘媽”生日，才解下來連同金楮焚燒。 還有一說，在端午節(jié)后的第一個雨天，把五彩線剪下來扔在雨中，意味著讓河水將瘟疫、疾病沖走，謂之可去邪祟、攘災(zāi)異，會帶來一年的好運。

　　五色絲的五色代表五行，五色代表了五方位，彼此相生相克，具有神秘的驅(qū)邪迎吉作用。青色屬木，代表東方；赤色屬火，代表南方；黃色屬土，代表中央；白色屬金，代表西方；黑色屬水，代表北方。以動物為標(biāo)志，東方為青龍，南方為朱雀，西方為白虎，北方為玄武（龜蛇），中央為黃龍，均為靈物。實際上，五色絲可以驅(qū)邪避瘟的象征意義遠比實際功能明顯。在東晉葛洪的《抱樸子》中又記述有將五色紙掛于山中，召喚五方鬼神的巫術(shù)，大概是以五色象征五方鬼神齊來護佑之意。五色絲線源于我國古代的五行觀念，五色絲系于臂上，或為文身遺俗。端午以五色絲線系臂，曾是很流行的節(jié)俗。傳到后世，即發(fā)展成如長命縷、長命鎖、香包等許多種漂亮飾物，制作也日趨精致，成為端午節(jié)特有的民間藝品。

　　浸龍舟水

　　端午節(jié)期間浸龍舟水是華南地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，人們將端午前后的降強水稱之為龍舟水、端陽水、發(fā)龍水、龍降水等，認(rèn)為這種水是吉祥的水，有辟邪作用。在我國傳統(tǒng)文化中，雨與龍是聯(lián)系在一起的，龍不僅是祥瑞之物、更是和風(fēng)化雨的主宰�！褒垺痹从谵r(nóng)耕社會人們對星辰運行的認(rèn)識，蒼龍七宿的出沒周期與一年農(nóng)時周期相一致， 進入夏季，蒼龍七宿完全升起之時，也就是降水增多的時候，人們認(rèn)為是龍掌管著降雨。仲夏端午“飛龍在天”這期間，我國相應(yīng)地域往往雨水明顯增多。在中國南方，人們利用水系眾多的自然條件進行龍舟競技。龍舟寓意吉祥，同時平日擺在祖宗的祠堂中，因此龍舟滑過的水人們認(rèn)為是“大吉水”。按照傳統(tǒng)說法浸龍舟水寓意吉祥如意、事事順心。每年“龍舟水”來時，人們就會帶著家人到江邊去洗龍舟水，古人認(rèn)為“龍舟水”有辟邪的作用，可凈身，洗去晦氣，帶來吉祥。

　　放紙鳶

　　放紙鳶

　　在中國南方一帶城市，端午節(jié)放風(fēng)箏也是一種習(xí)俗。端午時期，兒童放風(fēng)箏稱之為“放殃”。風(fēng)箏，即紙鳶。它是玩具，在竹篾等骨架上糊上紙或絹，拉著系在上面的長線，趁著風(fēng)勢可以放上天空，屬于一種單純利用空氣動力的飛行器。

　　佩長命縷

　　長命縷是端午節(jié)時的厭勝佩飾，長命縷亦稱續(xù)命縷、續(xù)命絲、延年縷、長壽線、百索、辟兵紹、五彩縷等，名稱不一，形制、功用大體相同。其俗在端午節(jié)以五色絲結(jié)而成索，或懸于門首，或戴小兒項頸，或系小兒手臂，或掛于床帳、搖籃等處，俗謂可去邪祟、避災(zāi)除病、益壽延年。此俗始于漢代。東漢應(yīng)劭《風(fēng)俗通·佚文》：“午日，以五彩絲系臂，避鬼及兵，令人不病瘟，一名長命縷，一名辟兵紹”。

　　采藥

　　采藥是古老的端午節(jié)俗之一。民間認(rèn)為，午日午時陽氣旺盛，是草木一年中藥性最強的一天，端午遍地皆藥。端午，時在仲夏，當(dāng)其時也，萬物生長，其勢盛極，是草藥生長旺盛之時。端午期間，我國不少地方都有熏艾葉、掛菖蒲、飲藥酒等習(xí)俗，中草藥在其中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。西漢末《大戴禮記·夏小正》載：“此日蓄藥，以蠲除毒氣�！蹦纤巍稓q時廣記》卷二十二“采雜藥”引《荊楚歲時記》佚文：“五月五日，競采雜藥，可治百病�！焙笪骸洱R民要術(shù)·雜記》中，有五月捉蛤蟆的記載，亦是制藥用。有不少地區(qū)均有端午捉蛤蟆之俗，如江蘇于端午日收蛤蟆，刺取其沫，制作中藥蟾酥；杭州人還給小孩子吃蛤蟆，說是可以消火清涼、夏無瘡癤。還有在五日于蛤蟆口中塞墨錠，懸掛起來晾干，即成蛤蟆錠，涂于膿瘡上可使消散。采藥是因端午前后草藥莖葉成熟，藥性好，才于此日形成此俗。

　　端午也是最為合適的制藥時間。陳元靚《歲時廣記》卷二十二“合諸藥”條引《瑣碎錄》“五月上辰及端午日、臘日、除日前三日合藥，可久不歇氣味”，是說端午時所合之藥的藥效會保持很久。端午所制之藥以菖蒲酒、艾酒、雄黃酒較為普及。

　　打午時水

　　端午節(jié)"打午時水”是盛行于南方沿海一帶的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，打午時水即是端午當(dāng)天中午11點到13點之間在井里打水，古人把打上來的午時水視為大吉水，這個時候的水是最能辟邪。重午日的午時，陽上加陽，所以“午時水”有“極陽水”之稱；亦稱龍目水、正陽水等。這一天的午時陽氣最盛，端午日午時驅(qū)邪最佳，具有辟邪、凈身、除障的效果。臺南有取午時水打鐵的傳統(tǒng)，利用午時水的至陽之氣，可讓各項鐵具更堅固耐用。據(jù)說午時水用來泡茶釀酒特別香醇，生飲甚至具有治病的奇效。閩南民間諺語說，“午時洗目睭(眼睛)，明到若烏鹙”；又說，“午時水飲一嘴，較好補藥吃三年”。

　　貼午時符

　　舊時廣東一些地方有貼“午時符”的習(xí)俗。午飯后，家家貼“午時符”。符用寬約一寸，長近一尺的黃紙條，上面用朱砂寫上“五月五日午時書，官非口舌疾病蛇蟲鼠蟻皆消除”等字樣。在大門上懸掛菖蒲、鳳尾、艾葉等，并扎上一束蒜頭，涂以朱砂避邪。也有些人家還在門上貼上用黃紙寫的小對聯(lián)：“艾旗迎百福，蒲劍斬千邪�！�

　　新抱手藝

　　廣州人對端午節(jié)很重視，舊俗在農(nóng)歷五月初二至初四便有送節(jié)之舉。年輕“新抱”（媳婦）們，用“全盒”六個或四個，盛以粽子、豬肉、生雞、雞蛋、水果、酒等回娘家向長輩賀節(jié)。姑娘和兒童們掛香包，掛包以五色絲線編織，香包中裝有檀香、八角、花椒、琉璜等，一般均為新媳婦所送，一方面體現(xiàn)新媳婦的賢良，一方面體現(xiàn)新媳婦的手藝，俗稱“新抱手藝”。

　　送災(zāi)難

　　送災(zāi)難，是古時流行于我國南方一些地方的端午民俗，該民俗主旨是驅(qū)邪、消災(zāi)。端午節(jié)正午以燒符水洗手眼后，潑灑于道，稱為“送災(zāi)難”。另有形式為，從社境廟宇迎接行身神像出巡游境，寓意神明降落民間，巡視鄉(xiāng)里，保佑合境平安；道公佬并以法水、貼符驅(qū)逐邪凡魅。

　　薰蒼術(shù)

　　薰蒼術(shù)是端午節(jié)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗活動之一，在民間用蒼術(shù)消毒空氣，即將天然的蒼術(shù)捆綁在一起，燃燒后產(chǎn)生的薄煙，不僅會散發(fā)出清香，還可以驅(qū)趕蚊蟲，令人神清氣爽。

　　斗草

　　斗草是一種由采草藥衍生而成的民間游戲，於端午日外出，找些奇花異草互相比賽，以新奇或品種多者為勝。起源無考，普遍認(rèn)為與中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的產(chǎn)生有關(guān)。漢以前不見斗草之戲（《歷代社會通俗事物考·尚秉和》）。斗草以對仗形式互報花名、草名，多者為贏，兼具植物知識、文學(xué)知識之妙趣；兒童則以葉柄相勾，捏住相拽，斷者為輸，再換一葉相斗。

　　畫額

　　畫額

　　端午節(jié)時以雄黃涂抹小兒額頭的習(xí)俗，云可驅(qū)避毒蟲。典型的方法是用雄黃酒在小兒額頭畫“王”字，一借雄黃以驅(qū)毒，二借猛虎（“王”似虎的額紋，又虎為獸中之王，因以代虎）以鎮(zhèn)邪。清富察敦祟《燕京歲時記》：“每至端陽，自初一日起，取雄黃合酒灑之，用涂小兒領(lǐng)及鼻耳間，以避毒物�！背�在額頭、鼻耳涂抹外，亦可涂抹他處，用意一致。山西《河曲縣志》云：“端午，飲雄黃酒，用涂小兒額及兩手、足心，…謂可除病延年。”

　　佩豆娘

　　佩豆娘是舊時端午節(jié)婦女的頭飾，。多見于江南。一些地區(qū)亦稱作健人。此物一說源于古代的步搖，一說即艾人的別樣形式�！肚寮武洝芬�《唐宋遺紀(jì)》云：“江誰南北，五日釵頭彩勝之制，備極奇巧。凡以繒銷翦制艾葉，或攢繡仙、佛、合、烏、蟲、魚、百獸之形，八寶群花之類。

　　避五毒

　　古代北方人心目中的五毒

　　端午在古代北方人心目中是毒日、惡日，在民間信仰中這個思想一直傳了下來，所以有了種種求平安、避五毒的習(xí)俗。五毒是指蜈蚣、毒蛇、蝎子、壁虎和蟾蜍，這五種動物是古時北方盛傳的五大毒物。就現(xiàn)有文獻記載來看，兩漢時的北方端午風(fēng)俗主要以避惡為主。古時候南北風(fēng)俗各異，北方古人把端午視為“毒日、惡日”而避之。其實這是由于北方夏季天氣燥熱，瘟疫易流行，加上蛇蟲繁殖易咬傷人，這才讓北方古人逐漸形成“避五毒”、“躲端午”等習(xí)俗。

　　跳鐘馗、懸鐘馗像

　　跳鐘馗：一種民間舞蹈，又稱“嬉鐘馗”。據(jù)悉，跳鐘馗，源自北宋，是古徽州遺存下來的一種傳統(tǒng)民俗表演，有《出巡》、《嫁妹》、《除五毒》等多種內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)了民眾崇尚鐘馗的剛正不阿和祈盼除害降福的美好愿望。在民間，“鐘馗”是避邪扶正的象征，端午跳鐘馗，寓意為消除五毒，四季平安，人壽年豐。到了清代，江南蘇、浙一帶的居民大都在農(nóng)歷五月于大門或堂中掛鐘馗圖一月，以期驅(qū)邪除害、祛兇引福。

　　鐘馗捉鬼：是流行于江淮地區(qū)的端午節(jié)習(xí)俗。在江淮地區(qū)，家家都懸鐘馗像，用以鎮(zhèn)宅驅(qū)邪。據(jù)傳唐明皇開元，自驪山講武回宮，瘧疾大發(fā)，夢見二鬼，一大一小，小鬼穿大紅無襠褲，偷楊貴妃之香囊和明皇的玉笛，繞殿而跑。大鬼則穿藍袍戴帽，捉住小鬼，挖掉其眼睛，一口吞下；明皇喝問，大鬼奏曰：臣姓鐘馗，即武舉不第，愿為陛下除妖魔。明皇醒后，瘧疾痊愈，于是令畫工吳道子，照夢中所見畫成鐘馗捉鬼之畫像，通令天下于端午時，一律張貼，以驅(qū)邪魔。

　　節(jié)慶飲食

　　端午食粽

　　端午食粽

　　端午食粽，是端午節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。粽，俗稱粽子，主要材料是糯米、餡料，用箬葉（或柊葉、簕古子葉）包裹而成，形狀多樣，有尖角狀、方狀等。其由來久遠，最初是用來是祭祀祖先神靈的貢品。傳入北方后，用黍米（北方產(chǎn)黍）做粽，稱“角黍”。由于各地飲食習(xí)慣的不同，粽形成了南北風(fēng)味；從口味上分，粽子有咸粽和甜粽兩大類。端午食粽的風(fēng)俗，千百年來在中國盛行不衰，已成了中華民族影響最大、覆蓋面最廣的民間飲食習(xí)俗之一，而且流傳到朝鮮、日本及東南亞諸國。

　　每年五月初，中國百姓浸糯米、洗粽葉、包粽子，其花色品種繁多。從餡料看，北方多包小棗的北京棗粽；南方則有豆沙、鮮肉、火腿、蛤蔞、蛋黃等多種餡料。

　　吃五黃

　　五黃

　　五黃，即是黃魚、黃瓜、黃鱔、鴨蛋黃、雄黃酒（雄黃酒有毒性，一般都喝普通的黃酒代替雄黃酒）。吃五黃是漢族的民間風(fēng)俗，流行于江南等地。農(nóng)歷五月，江南人稱五黃月，因有五種帶“黃”音的食物上市而得名。

　　在端午節(jié)的中午吃五黃餐，即是把五種黃顏色的食物混在一起吃。因為中醫(yī)理論認(rèn)為，端午節(jié)是在農(nóng)歷五月初五，是一年中陽氣最盛的時候，而中午，又是一天中陽氣最盛的時候，可利用端午節(jié)氣的力量，抑制霉運、提升自己的精力。

　　飲蒲酒、雄黃、朱砂酒，以酒灑噴

　　作為端午習(xí)俗的藥酒主要是蒲酒和雄黃酒。蒲酒也叫菖蒲酒、菖華酒等，古代民間常在端五制作、飲用，俗云可避瘟氣。雄黃也是一種藥材，據(jù)說能殺百毒。端午飲雄黃酒的習(xí)俗，從前在長江流域地區(qū)極為盛行。古語曾說“飲了雄黃酒，病魔都遠走”。《荊楚歲時記》中說：“以菖蒲或鏤或屑，以冷酒�！逼丫莆斗枷�，有爽口之感，后來又在酒中加入雄黃、朱砂等。明馮應(yīng)京《月令廣義》：“五日用朱砂酒，辟邪解毒，用酒染額胸手足心，無會虺蛇（古書上說的一種毒蛇）之患。又以灑墻壁門窗，以避毒蟲�！贝怂琢鱾鬏^廣。雄黃加水和酒灑于室內(nèi)可消毒殺菌，飲蒲灑也頗有益。

　　英文版

　　The Dragon Boat Festival originated from the worship of the sky and evolved from the worship of the dragon in ancient times. In the middle of the summer Dragon Boat Festival, Canglong seven nights fly to the south central, as in the Book of Changes 95 Lines: "Flying dragon in the day" the ancients in the "flying dragon in the day" auspicious day worship the dragon ancestor, and hold some festive activities, especially with the dragon corresponding activity elements, such as dragon boat racing such activities, or take this auspicious day to do some activities to pray for good luck and ward off evil. Dragon Boat Festival is "dragon Festival", dragon and dragon boat culture runs through the historical heritage of the Dragon Boat Festival.

　　The content of Dragon Boat Festival customs is rich and colorful, and there are differences in the content or details of customs in different parts of the country due to different regional cultures. These festivals and customs revolve around the forms of offering sacrifices to dragons, praying for good luck and fighting disasters, which express peoples wishes to welcome good luck and ward off evil spirits. Traditional festival ceremonies and related customs are important elements of the festival. During the Dragon Boat Festival, through various traditional folk activities and performances, it can not only enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the masses, but also inherit and carry forward traditional culture.

　　Dragon Boat Festival custom

　　The Dragon Boat Festival is a folk festival integrating worship of gods and ancestors, praying for good luck and warding off evil spirits, celebrating entertainment and eating. The main customs are dragon boat racing, offering dragon, picking herbs, hanging mogwort, playing noon water, washing herbal water, worshiping gods and ancestors, dipping dragon boat water, eating dragon boat rice, eating zongzi, putting paper dragons, putting paper kites, tying five-color silk, wearing incense bags and so on. As one of the four major traditional festivals in China, it not only clearly records the rich and colorful social life and cultural contents of the ancestors, but also accumulates extensive and profound historical and cultural connotations. The Dragon Boat Festival originated from the worship of the sky and evolved from the worship of the dragon in ancient times. In the middle of the summer Dragon Boat Festival, Canglong seven nights fly to the south central, as in the Book of Changes 95 Lines: "Flying dragon in the day" the ancients in the "flying dragon in the day" auspicious day worship the dragon ancestor, and hold some festive activities, especially with the dragon corresponding activity elements, such as dragon boat racing such activities, or take this auspicious day to do some activities to pray for good luck and ward off evil. Dragon Boat Festival is "dragon Festival", dragon and dragon boat culture runs through the historical heritage of the Dragon Boat Festival. The content of Dragon Boat Festival customs is rich and colorful, and there are differences in the content or details of customs in different parts of the country due to different regional cultures. These festivals and customs revolve around the forms of offering sacrifices to dragons, praying for good luck and fighting disasters, which express peoples wishes to welcome good luck and ward off evil spirits. Traditional festival ceremonies and related customs are important elements of the festival. During the Dragon Boat Festival, through various traditional folk activities and performances, it can not only enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the masses, but also inherit and carry forward traditional culture.

　　Historical origin

　　"May 5, is the Duanyang; Eat zongzi, hang incense bags; Door moxa, incense full hall; The dragon boat launching is jubilant." The Dragon Boat Festival contains the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Over the course of thousands of years, the Dragon Boat Festival has formed a rich variety of cultural customs. These Dragon Boat Festival customs clearly recorded the rich and colorful social life and cultural content of the Chinese nations ancestors.

　　The original meaning of the "end" of the "Dragon Boat Festival" is "positive", and "noon" is "middle". "Dragon Boat Festival", "Zhong Zheng" also, this noon is the middle of the right. The dragon is in the sky, and the dragon star is in the south of the sky at this time, which is the most "right" position for the weekday operation throughout the year, which is both "right" and "right". The ancients have always advocated the way of middle and right, and the way of "middle and right" is manifested incisively and vividly here. In addition, the end also has the meaning of "early", so the first afternoon of the afternoon (May) month is also called Dragon Boat Festival.

　　The Dragon Boat Festival was originally the noon month, and sometimes highlighted its timing is at noon, so it is also called the heavy afternoon festival: the noon month for the bucket handle refers to the noon month; Noon day is the first noon day of the twelve branches of the calendar. Through historical development, it was later fixed on the fifth day of May. According to statistics, the name of the Dragon Boat Festival is the most popular among all traditional Chinese festivals, with more than 20 names. Such as Duanyang Festival, double festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Zhengyang Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, double Festival, when the five flood, day festival, summer festival, May Festival, calamus festival, day medicine festival, herbal festival, bathing orchid festival, duck festival, Qu Yuan day, Hinatsuri Festival, festival, poet, dragon festival, Zongzi festival, five yellow Festival, understand Zongzi festival, end etiquette.

　　The origin of festivals

　　Celestial worship

　　The Dragon Boat Festival originated from the worship of the sky and evolved from the worship of the dragon in ancient times. Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, Canglong seven nights flying to the south central, just as the fifth line of the "I Ching · Qiangua" 爻辭 said: "Flying dragon in the day." Ancient Chinese astrological culture has a long history, extensive and profound, in ancient times, people determined the sky and the earth, according to the trajectory and position of the sun, moon and stars, divided the area near the zodiac and the equator into "twenty-eight stars", in the east of the "horn, kun, Di, room, heart, tail, and loop" to form a complete dragon star, namely "Canglong seven stars." The occurrence cycle of Canglong Qi Shu is consistent with the four-hour cycle of the year, with spring rising in the east, summer rising in the south, autumn retreating in the west, and winter disappearing below the northern horizon. Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival "flying dragon in the day", the main star of the dragon "fire" (Antares) high hanging south of the sky, the dragon gas is strong. The ancients have always advocated the way of middle and right, in the Book of Changes, "Flying dragon in heaven" both "get middle" and "get right", good luck.

　　Dragon Boat Festival

　　Ancient festivals are the carriers of ancient cultural inheritance, and the selection of dragon Festival held in the Dragon Boat Festival is related to the season sky in the south of the Canglong seven Juku. In the traditional culture, the position and time as well as the trigrams are linked together, midsummer, the moon and the afternoon sun, the dragon star rises to the south of the sky, that is, "the flying dragon in the sky", as said in the Book of Changes · Qiantrigrams; Dragon Boat Festival day dragon star both "get" and "get right", in the "right" position, for the image of good fortune. The dragon mentioned in 爻辭 of the Book of Changes · Qiangua is in essence an explanation of the operation of Canglong Seven nights in a year at four hours. The "flying dragon in the sky" is endowed with multiple meanings and sustenance, deriving the rites and customs of offering sacrifices to the dragon to reward the dragon Zuende, pray for good luck, drive away evil spirits and fight disaster. Dragon Boat Festival culture fully embodies the Chinese nations ancestors "the unity of nature and man" view of nature. The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival covers the ancient astrological culture, humanistic philosophy and other aspects of content, contains profound and rich cultural connotation; In the inheritance and development, a variety of folk customs are mixed into one, and the festival and custom content are rich.

　　Development and evolution

　　The ancient peoples worship of the dragon totem originated from the worship of the sky. The whole constellation of the Dragon Dragon appears in the most prominent position in the sky, and the most obvious sign is the main star of the dragon "fire" (Antares), located in the south. The 爻辭 "Flying dragon in the sky" in the Book of Changes · Qiangua ", "the Sun and the stars are blazing in midsummer" in the Book of Yao ", and "the fire in the early May" in the book of Xia Xiaozheng are all about the heavenly phenomena at this time. Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival is the auspicious day of "flying dragon in the day", the ancients held corresponding activities with the Dragon Boat Festival, such as worship dragon totem, dragon boat racing such activities, or take this auspicious day to do some activities to pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits; Dragon Boat Festival is "dragon Festival", dragon and dragon boat culture runs through the historical heritage of the Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon boat racing has a long history, according to the prehistoric culture of Hemudu Site and Tianluoshan Site, as early as 7000 years ago, there were canoes and wooden OARS, and the original shape of dragon boat was a canoe carved on a single wooden boat. A large number of unearthed cultural relics and archaeological studies in modern times show that as early as the ancient times, the ancestors created a bright and highly civilized. Unearthed cultural relics and historical legends show that they have the custom of cutting off hair tattoos to resemble the dragon son, living in the water town, comparing themselves to the descendants of the dragon, and the Dragon Boat Festival is the festival they established for ancestor worship.

　　The Han Dynasty was the first period of great development after the unification of China. The economic and cultural exchanges between the north and the south also integrated customs and habits, which provided good social conditions for the spread and popularization of festival customs. The Dragon Boat Festival custom was formed on the basis of the integration of northern and southern customs. In the north of the dragon boat, zongzi, picking medicine, bathing orchid and other customs written records, first appeared in the Han Dynasty literature, according to which it can be inferred that the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival was only popular in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River south of the region, later cultural exchanges and integration, this custom spread to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and northern areas. During the Han Dynasty, due to the unification of the north and the south, the calendar changed, and in order to facilitate the festival, the annual Dragon Boat Festival was changed to the fifth day of the lunar calendar. The formation of the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival can be said to be the product of the integration of the customs of the north and the south, and with the development of history, it has injected new content.

　　After the Dragon Boat Festival of the southern and Northern dynasties was given to commemorate Qu Yuans humanistic connotation, from the literature records, the earliest Qu Yuan and the Dragon Boat Festival is the southern Liang Wu Juns mythical strange novel "Continuation Qi Qi Qi Qi Ji", at this time Qu Yuan has died more than 750 years. According to research, many of the Dragon Boat Festival customs passed down to this day have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. But for thousands of years, Qu Yuan has been widely popular, people "cherish and mourn, the world on its words, to pass on how", in the field of folk culture, the Chinese people the Dragon Boat Festival and eating zongzi, etc. are linked with the memory of Qu Yuan. In the historical development, the folk custom of "the fifth day of May" was absorbed by Taoism as the day of wax sacrifice, one of the "three yuan five wax". According to the "Emperor to the Tao Tai Qing Jade Book" and "Cloud Book seven", the fifth day of May, the day of the five emperors gathering, this day the five great emperors will be in the south three 炁 Dan day, to check the ancestors of the people and see the good and evil of the descendants, in order to condemn the blessing, school and appoint the officials of the people. Taoism believes that the last days of the year are auspicious days, suitable for offering sacrifices to ancestors and gods to obtain blessings.

　　In written records, the Dragon Boat Festival in the Sui and Tang dynasties inherited from the previous dynasty in terms of customs and forms. However, in terms of nature, the original festival custom activities with specific meanings have mostly evolved into festival entertainment activities. Tang Xuanzong "Dragon Boat Festival three hall of ministers to explore God word poem preface" describes: the royal palace Dragon Boat Festival ceremony, called to the elegant officials, a big banquet, "the broad hall and clean air, the tree deep and long wind to". The Dragon boat race of the Tang Dynasty is especially worthy of one, in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, peoples life is relatively stable, in the aspect of festival entertainment, on the one hand, it is the effect of the upper and lower, and it has become a custom, on the other hand, some folk customs and activities are also supported by the government. Therefore, the competition is particularly prosperous. Zhang said that the poem "Yuezhou View Race Boat" describes the scene of the race at that time: "Painting flying boats, both competing with the flow. Low loading mountain color change, anxious water Hua floating."

　　After the Song Dynasty, many customs of the Dragon Boat Festival changed. In the Han and Wei dynasties, Zhu Zhu and peach seals were applied to the door to stop evil qi and ward off evil spirits, while the Song Dynasty paid attention to sticking to the Heaven teacher. Chen Yuanliang "at the age of a wide record" cited "at the age of a miscellaneous record" cloud: "Dragon Boat Festival, people are painting the sky master image to sell." There is also a combination of mud for Zhang Tianshi, with moxa as the head, garlic as the fist, placed on the door. Su Zi made by the "Emperor Toffee Dragon Boat Festival post" poem, there is "Tai doctor struggle to offer heaven Ai, Rui mist long around Yao mother door." The Dragon Boat Festival custom was also absorbed by Liao and Jin. For example, "Liao History, " recorded the Liao heavy afternoon Dynasty instrument, the emperor had to be a long life color ray to sit up. To the officials of the North and the south, each give a wisp of longevity. In addition, the Golden State in the Dragon Boat Festival also worship the heaven, shooting willow custom and hit Ju entertainment activities. "Jin Shi Shi Zong Ji" records: three years (1264) double afternoon, Jin Shizong "happy wide park shoot willow, the winner has a difference, the palace of Changwu, give banquet strike, since is the age thought often."

　　In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the form of Dragon Boat Festival custom activities changed little, but the scale became more and more popular. In particular, the southern dragon boat race has become a sensational event. According to "Wuling Race" records, the dragon boat race is not limited to the Dragon Boat Festival day. It is "April 8, the awning is unveiled, the new boat is launched on the 5th day, the rowing race on the 5th day and the bidding on the 18th day." There are also "May 17, eight dozen boats, twenty-seven, eight bidders." It can be seen that the scale of the competition lasted for months. On this matter, "or the government first banned after Chi, the public sentiment first drum after strike." The shape of the dragon boat, the medium length is nine zhangs and five feet, the elderly are eleven zhangs, and the short one is seven zhangs and five feet. The dragon boat radial hand is strictly selected from the fisherman recruited strong athletes. The dragon boat is divided into white dragon, yellow dragon, green dragon and Red dragon. Not only the body of the ship, but also the decoration of the flags and umbrellas on the ship, as well as the clothing of the radial rowers and even the OARS are the same color. During the race, there is a dragon race field, the race route, and the starting point and the end point. There is a boat tag at the end of the race. When the boat reaches the end of the race, the bidding boat will throw the tag into the water for the other boats to compete for.

　　Folk custom

　　The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, which not only clearly records the rich and colorful social life and cultural content of the ancestors, but also accumulates extensive and profound historical and cultural connotation. Offering dragon, racing dragon boat, eating Zongzi, praying for good luck and warding off evil spirits are the custom themes of the Dragon Boat Festival, and dragon boat culture runs through the historical inheritance of the Dragon Boat Festival. Due to the vast area, the customs of the north and the south are different, coupled with many stories and legends, so not only produced many different festival names, but also have different customs in the north and the south, some places in the north will be regarded as "evil moon evil day". Traditional festival ceremonies and related custom activities are important contents of festival elements, carrying rich and colorful festival cultural connotation.

　　The Dragon Boat Festival, like the Spring Festival and other ancient traditional festivals, is a folk festival integrating praying for the elimination of disasters, celebrating entertainment and eating. In the inheritance and development, a variety of folk customs are mixed into one, and the festival and custom content are rich. Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, dragon in the day, dragon gas is strong, all evils are avoided. Dragon Boat Festival custom activities around the dragon paying dragon, praying for good luck, suppressing evil and fighting disaster and other forms of development, rich and colorful content, lively and festive. Specific custom activities mainly include: Dragon boat racing, hanging wormwood and calamus, gathering for lunch, washing herbal water, putting kites, swinging, pasting "noon symbol", tying hundred suozi, playing noon water, dipping dragon boat water, putting paper dragon, dragon boat rice, watching dragon boat, pointing moxa sticks, axed atractou, gift incense fan, drying ginger, drying medicine, hanging yellow garten, painting, wearing sachet, wearing long life ray, tying five-color line, eating Zongzi, picking medicine and making tea, standing eggs, wearing damselflies, pasting Every Dragon Boat Festival, a variety of festival activities in all parts of the country, the festival flavor is rich, lively and happy. As the song goes: "May 5, is the dragon sun; Eat zongzi, hang incense bags; Door moxa, incense full hall; The dragon boat launches happily.

　　Festive foods such as zongzi, Wuhuang, moxa cake, glutinous rice cake, rice cake, fried pile, tea egg, Wupoison cake, calamus wine, realgar wine, noon tea and so on.

　　Dragon boat racing is the collective rowing competition of many people, is an important activity of the Dragon Boat Festival, is the ancient dragon totem ritual, is also a custom. Dragon boat racing in the southern coastal areas of China is still very popular, spread abroad, deeply loved by the people of all countries and formed an international competition. When the dragon boat originated, the exact time is difficult to find out. According to the first excavation report of Hemudu Site, as early as 7,000 years ago, the ancient ancestors who flourished in the coast had used a single wooden router to form a wooden boat, and added a wooden paddle. The custom of dragon boat racing exists everywhere, but especially in the Lingnan area, there are various forms in addition to the common "fighting mark" and "taking advantage of the scenery". Dragon Boat race is a form of dragon worship in folk belief, that is, using the divine power of the dragon to pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits.

　　These dragon boats usually sink in rivers and lakes, there are also dragon boats placed on the land on the wooden frame, and then built scaffolding protection, the dragon is put into the ancestral temple worship. Every year before the Dragon Boat Festival, the dragon boat is launched or floated from the bottom. After "lifting the dragon boat", there are important ceremonies such as collecting green and finishing the eyes. "Guangzhou Tianhe District record" records: "when the boat, to set off firecrackers, beat drums, to wash the boat clean and oil, then pull a few grass, placed on the bow and stern, called the ship green." Before the dragon boat race, we must invite the dragon and sacrifice to the god. Before the Dragon Boat Festival, we should rise from the water, sacrifice the God, install the dragon head, the dragon tail, and then prepare to race. During the dragon boat race, the dragon head and tail are removed from the ancestral hall or temple every morning, and returned every evening. The welcome team must be the dragon head first and the dragon tail rear. The dragon boat race is divided into several stages, such as inviting the dragon, offering sacrifices to the dragon god, swimming the dragon and collecting the dragon. Dragon Boat Festival has dragon boats and phoenix boats. In the old days, when people worshipped the dragon God, the atmosphere was very serious, praying for blessings, good weather, and evil spirits Dragon boat racing has always been the most grand activity during the Dragon Boat Festival, the dragon boat "take advantage of the scenery" and "visit relatives", the gongs and drums are noisy, scrambling, and thousands of people are competing to see the "fighting mark", and the "dragon boat dinner" which opens hundreds of encirclings, are all real folk carnival.

　　Hang wormwood and calamus

　　In the Dragon Boat Festival, people put wormwood and calamus as one of the important contents. As an aquatic herb, calamus has a fragrance and can awaken the spirit. At the same time, the leaf shape of calamus is like a sword, which is called "water sword" by the folk, implying that it can "kill thousands of evil spirits". Because of these two reasons, people often hang calamus in front of the door during the Dragon Boat Festival. Mugwort represents a hundred blessings, is a kind of herb that can cure diseases, ed in the door, can make the body healthy.

　　Wormwood has always been a medicinal plant in ancient China. The moxibustion method in acupuncture is to use wormwood as the main component and burn it on the acupoint to cure diseases. Every time to the Dragon Boat Festival, people always put moxa at home to "ward off evil", after the dried plant body fumigation to achieve disinfection and itching, maternal use moxa water bath or fumigation. People say: "Qingming ed willow, Dragon Boat Festival ed moxa." The legend about wormwood can exorcise evil has been spread for a long time, mainly it has the function of medicine, such as Zong Lins "Jingchu" said: "When the chicken did not sing, the moxa like human, take it, receive moxibustion disease, very experienced. The sun picks ai to form a human form and hangs it over the houses to make gasses."

　　North and south all over the Dragon Boat Festival hanging wormwood custom. The south is regarded as heaven and earth pure Yang positive Qi auspicious day to exorcise evil diseases, and some places in the north are regarded as evil moon and evil day to avoid evil and poison.

　　Herbal wash

　　Washing herbal water, one of the Dragon Boat Festival customs, Dragon Boat Festival this day is the most powerful day of the year, Dragon Boat Festival everywhere medicine. Dragon Boat Festival day washing herbal water can cure skin diseases, remove evil. During the Dragon Boat Festival, many places in China have the custom of picking herbs and boiling herbal water to bathe, and the medicinal properties of the Dragon Boat Festival herbs play a vital role in them. Herbal water, that is, Mu LAN Tang recorded in ancient books, the existing written records about the custom of washing herbal water were earliest seen in the "Da Dai Li Ji Xia Xiaozheng" at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, but the orchid in the article is not orchids, but the Perilan or herbs of the chrysanthemum family, with aroma, can be fried in water for bathing. "At the age of Guangji" volume 22 "collecting miscellaneous drugs" quoted "Jingchu at the age of record" lost article: "May 5, competing to collect miscellaneous drugs, can cure all diseases." This custom still exists today and is widely popular. In Guangdong, children use bitter grass and wheat medicine or moxa, Pu, phoenix fairy, magnolia and other flowers boiled and washed, and young and adult men go to rivers and seaside to wash dragon boat water, wash away bad luck and bring good luck. In Hunan, Guangxi and other places, with cypress leaves, galeroot, wormwood, calamus, peach leaves and other boiled into potions bath, both men and women, old and young, the whole family wash.

　　Worship the gods and ancestors

　　The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival comes from the ancient ancestors who chose the "flying dragon in the day" auspicious day to worship the dragon ancestor, pray for good luck, ward off evil and fight disaster. Worship of gods and ancestors is one of the important customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. "Heaven and earth, the life of this also; The ancestor is the root of the class." Heaven and earth are the foundation of life, ancestors are the foundation of human beings, ancestor worship is a custom of inheriting filial piety. According to the folk concept, ones ancestors, like heaven, earth and God, should be seriously worshipped. Because the "spirit in heaven" of the ancestors is always concerned about and watching the descendants of the descendants, the people of the earth must pray and repay their shelter and blessing through sacrifice.

　　Perfume satchel

　　Wearing a perfume bag is one of the traditional customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. The sachets are usually filled with some Chinese herbs with aromatic opening, with fragrance, insect repellent, distemper and disease prevention effects. Duanyang with four-color line arm, and wear the sachet, small and exquisite exquisite considerable. The sachet, also known as sachet, sachet and pouch, is generally filled with spices and wrapped with five-color silk thread, or covered with cotton and mixed with Chinese medicinal powder such as Chuanxiong, angelica, helianthus, Baicalensis, clove, sagebrush, asarum, pine, Angelica, licorice, realgar powder, and embroidered with colored silk, with red, green, blue, purple thread hanging from the bottom. Worn on the chest, fragrant.

　　Perfume satchel

　　Dragon Boat Festival children wear sachets, legend has the meaning of warding off evil plague. Perfume bags for a variety of different shapes, formed a string, all kinds of, small and lovely, has become a common handicraft. In some cities in southern China, young men and women use perfume sachets to express their love.

　　Carry "Dragon Boat Festival load"

　　Pick "Dragon Boat Festival" refers to the past every lunar Dragon Boat Festival, "hairy foot son-in-law" (Ningbo said the prospective son-in-law has been appointed as "hairy foot son-in-law") to use red colorful rice baskets, pick a heavy gift to the womans home, which is to pick "Dragon Boat Festival". Dragon Boat Festival in a variety of items, the number of pairs, meaning "in pairs", to the mother-in-laws home, mother-in-law will be Dragon Boat Festival in snacks and other gifts distributed to relatives and friends, meaning into ceremony, send to marry start. Before hairy foot son-in-law goes home, mother-in-law will also bring their own gifts, let son-in-law back, meaning "return". Son-in-laws Dragon Boat Festival trip was officially over.

　　Cast Yang stone

　　The Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Chongs "On Heng" recorded the Dragon Boat Festival "cast Yang Sui" etiquette custom: "Yang Sui fire in the day, in May C in the sun, the five stones, the cast, the light, the sun, the fire to come, the way to take the true fire also." The ancients believed that the noon moon and noon noon with a triple fire, is the peak of Yang, at this time to fire gold, is the best molten gold casting mirror moment, cast copper mirror has incredible divine power. The custom of warding off evil spirits with mirrors is widely used and inherited in the southern coastal areas. Children born soon can often be seen wearing silver mirrors and other ornaments. Such silver jewelry and small mirrors are used for children to ward off evil spirits. The center of the ridge of the newly built temple is often decorated with bronze mirrors. Even above the doors and Windows of new buildings in modern communities, mirrors can often be found hanging, which are used to ward off evil spirits. It can be seen that the cultural belief in mirrors to ward off evil spirits is deeply rooted in the folk.

　　Tied with five-color silk thread

　　Five-color silk thread (4 sheets)

　　Five-color silk, also known as five-color silk, five-color silk. The ancient common name is Shun Bing Zeng, Zhu so. Tied to the mosquito net, cradle is also called the rotary rope, rope. In ancient China, five colors were revered and regarded as auspicious colors. Therefore, in the morning of the festival, the first thing that adults do after getting up is to tie the five-color line on the childs wrist, ankle and neck. Children are forbidden to speak when tying a string. Traditional custom, with red, green, yellow, white and black thick silk thread rolled into a color string, tied on the arm or neck of a child, since May 5, until the seventh festival "seven niang mother" birthday, just down together with gold paper burning. It is also said that on the first rainy day after the Dragon Boat Festival, cutting the colorful thread and throwing it in the rain means that the river will wash away plague and disease, which can go to evil and resist disasters, and will bring good luck for the year.

　　The five colors of the five colors represent the five elements, the five colors represent the five square positions, each other and each other, with a mysterious exorcism and auspicious effect. Cyan wood, representing the East; Red fire, representing the south; Yellow soil, representing the central; White is gold, representing the West; Black is water, representing the north. Marked by animals, the east is the green dragon, the south is the Suzaku, the west is the white tiger, the north is the Xuanwu (turtle snake), and the central is the yellow dragon, all of which are spiritual objects. In fact, the symbolic significance of the five-color silk is far more obvious than the actual function. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ge Hongs "Bao Pu Zi" also describes the magic of hanging five-color paper in the mountain to summon the five ghosts and gods, which is probably the meaning of the five colors symbolizing the five ghosts and gods to protect. The five-color silk thread originates from the concept of five elements in ancient China, and the five-color silk is tied to the arm, or is a custom for tattoos. Dragon Boat Festival with five-color silk string arm, was once a very popular festival custom. Passed on to later generations, it has developed into many beautiful ornaments such as long life lock, long life lock, sachette, etc., and the production has become increasingly exquisite, becoming a unique folk art of the Dragon Boat Festival.

　　Dragon boat dip

　　Dipping dragon boat water during the Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional custom in South China. People call the water before and after the Dragon Boat Festival as dragon boat water, Duanyang water, hair dragon water, dragon precipitation, etc., which is considered as auspicious water and has the effect of warding off evil spirits. In our traditional culture, rain and dragon are linked together, the dragon is not only the auspicious thing, but also the master of weathering rain. "Dragon" comes from the understanding of the operation of the stars in the farming society, the occurrence cycle of the Canglong seven nights is consistent with the farming cycle of the year, entering the summer, when the Canglong seven nights fully rises, that is, when the precipitation increases, people think that the dragon is in charge of the rainfall. Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival "flying dragon in the day" during this period, the corresponding areas of our country often increased significantly. In south China, people take advantage of the natural conditions of numerous water systems to hold dragon boat competitions. The dragon boat means good luck and is placed in the ancestral hall of the ancestors on weekdays, so the water that the dragon boat slides through is considered to be "Great luck water". According to the traditional saying, dipping into the dragon boat means good luck and everything goes well. Every year when "dragon boat water" comes, people will take their families to the river to wash the dragon boat water. The ancients believed that "dragon boat water" has the effect of warding off evil spirits, which can purify the body, wash away bad luck and bring good luck.

　　kite

　　kite

　　Flying kites on the Dragon Boat Festival is also a custom in cities in southern China. During the Dragon Boat Festival, children flying kites is called "releasing plagues". Kites, or paper kites. It is a toy, which is pasted with paper or silk on the skeleton such as bamboo strips, pulling a long string tied to the above, and can be put into the sky under the wind. It is a kind of aircraft that simply uses air power.

　　Wear a long life

　　Long life strand is the Dragon Boat Festival when the hate victory adornment, long life strand is also known as continuing life strand, continuing life thread, extended life strand, longevity line, hundred line, Bing Shao, colorful strand, etc., the name is different, shape, function is roughly the same. Its custom in the Dragon Boat Festival with five color silk knot rope, or hanging on the door head, or wearing childrens neck, or childrens arms, or hanging in the bed tent, cradle, etc., the custom is to go evil, avoid disaster and disease, prolong life. This custom began in the Han Dynasty. Eastern Han Ying Shao "custom pass · Lost" : "The afternoon, with colorful silk arm, to avoid ghosts and soldiers, people do not disease, a long life ray, a soldier Shao."

　　Gather herbs

　　Picking medicine is one of the ancient customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. Folk believe that the midday Yang is strong, is the strongest day of the year grass and trees, the Dragon Boat Festival everywhere. Dragon Boat Festival, when in the middle of summer, when also, all things grow, its potential, is the growth of herbs when vigorous. During the Dragon Boat Festival, many places in China have the custom of smoking mugwort leaves, hanging calamus and drinking medicinal wine, in which Chinese herbs play a vital role. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, "Da Dai Li · Xia Xiaozheng" said: "This day to store medicine, in order to remove toxic gas." Southern Song "at the age of wide record" volume 22 "collection of miscellaneous drugs" quoted "Jingchu at the age of record" lost article: "May 5, competing to collect miscellaneous drugs, can cure all diseases." Later Wei "Qimin to the arts · Miscellaneous records", there is a record of catching toad in May, but also for pharmaceutical purposes. There are many areas have the Dragon Boat Festival to catch toad custom, such as Jiangsu in the Dragon Boat Festival day toad, spear its foam, making Chinese medicine toad; Hangzhou people also eat toads for children, saying that they can eliminate fire and cool, and have no sores and boils in summer. There are also five days in the mouth of the ink ingots, hanging up to dry, that is, into the toad ingots, applied to the abscess can be dissipated. Picking herbs is because the stems and leaves of herbs mature before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, the medicinal properties are good, and this custom is formed on this day.

　　Dragon Boat Festival is also the most suitable time for pharmaceutical. Chen Yuanliang "at the age of a wide record" volume twenty-two "combined medicine" article cited "trivial record" "May on the Chen and Dragon Boat Festival day, day, in addition to the previous three days of medicine, can be a long time without rest smell", is to say that the effectiveness of the combined medicine will be maintained for a long time. The medicine produced by the Dragon Boat Festival is more popular with calamus wine, wormwood wine and realgar wine.

　　Noon water

　　The Dragon Boat Festival "noon water" is popular in the southern coastal areas of the traditional custom, noon water is the Dragon Boat Festival day between 11 to 13 o clock in the well to draw water, the ancients to play up the noon water as good luck water, this time the water is the most able to ward off evil. The noon of the double noon day, Yang on the Yang, so "noon water" is called "extreme Yang water"; Also known as Longmu water, Zhengyang water, etc. This day at noon Yang is the most prosperous, the Dragon Boat day at noon exorcism is the best, with the effect of warding off evil, purifying the body and removing obstacles. Tainan has a tradition of taking the midday water and making use of the sunshine of the midday water to make all kinds of iron more durable. It is said that the midday water used to make tea and wine is particularly delicious, and raw drinking even has the miracle effect of curing diseases. A folk proverb in southern Fujian says, "Wash your eyes at noon 睭, and you will find yourself 鹙." He also said, "When drinking water at noon, it is better to take tonic medicine for three years."

　　Stick the noon sign

　　In old times, some places in Guangdong had the custom of pasting "noon symbols". After lunch, every family pastes the "noon sign". Fu with about an inch wide, nearly a foot long yellow paper, above with cinnabar write "May 5 noon book, official non-oral diseases, snakes, insects, rats and ants are eliminated" and other words. Hang calamus, tail and mugwort leaves on the gate, and tie a bunch of garlic, coated with vermilion to ward off evil. Some people also paste on the door with a small couplet written on yellow paper: "Ai banner to welcome Baifu, Pujian to kill thousands of evil."

　　Sinpo technology

　　Guangzhou people attach great importance to the Dragon Boat Festival, the old customs in the lunar calendar on the second day of May to the fourth day of the festival. Young "new hug" (daughter-in-law), with "whole box" six or four, filled with zongzi, pork, raw chicken, eggs, fruit, wine, etc., back home to celebrate the festival to the elders. Girls and children hang sachet, hanging bag with five-color silk woven, sachet with sandalwood, star anise, Sichuan pepper, Liu Huang, etc., are generally sent by the new daughter-in-law, on the one hand reflects the new daughter-in-laws good, on the one hand reflects the new daughter-in-laws craft, commonly known as "new hold craft".

　　Spell disaster for

　　Send disaster, is the Dragon Boat Festival folk custom popular in some places in southern China in ancient times, the theme of the folk custom is to exorcise evil and eliminate disaster. At noon of the Dragon Boat Festival to burn Fu water hands and eyes, sprinkled on the road, known as "send disaster." Another form is to greet the idol from the temple of social environment out of the parade, which means that the god lands on the people, inspects the township, and blesses the peace of the country; Dao Gong Lao and water law, stick to expel evil all enchantments.

　　Cathartic atractylodes

　　Atractylodes is one of the traditional activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, in the folk use atractylodes to disinfect the air, that is, natural atractylodes bundled together, the thin smoke produced after burning, will not only emit fragrance, but also drive away mosquitoes, and make people feel refreshing.

　　towing

　　Grass fighting is a folk game derived from picking herbs, going out on the Dragon Boat Festival day to find some strange flowers and herbs to compete with each other, with the novelty or variety of the winner. The origin is unknown, but it is generally believed that it is related to the emergence of traditional Chinese medicine. Before the Han Dynasty did not see the play of fighting grass (" Popular things in the past dynasties Test Shang Binghe "). In the form of fighting against each other, the flower name, the grass name, the more to win, both plant knowledge, literature knowledge fun; Children hook with the petiole, pinch and pull, break to lose, and then change a leaf to fight.

　　Painted forehead

　　Painted forehead

　　During the Dragon Boat Festival, the custom of smearing the forehead of children with realgar can ward off poisonous insects. The typical method is to use realgar wine to draw the word "king" on the forehead of the child, one by realgar to ward off poison, and two by the tiger (" king "is like the forehead of the tiger, and the tiger is the king of the beast, because it is in place of the tiger) to control evil. Qing Fu Chadun "Yanjing years old record" : "Every Duanyang, since the first day, take realgar with wine sprinkled, with childrens collar and nose and ears, to avoid poison." In addition to applying on the forehead, nose and ears, it can also be applied elsewhere, with the same intention. Shanxi "Hequ County Annals" cloud: "Dragon Boat Festival, drink realgar wine, with childrens forehead and hands, foot heart,... It can eliminate disease and prolong life."

　　Damselfly

　　Damselfly is the old Dragon Boat Festival womens headwear. It is more common in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called healthy people. This thing said originated from the ancient step, said is another form of Ai people. "Qing Jialu" quoted "Tang and Song relics" cloud: "Who north and south, five days hairpin jackpot system, prepare extremely Qiqiao." Where to make moxa leaves, or save embroidery fairy, Buddha, he, Wu, insects, fish, beasts of the shape, eight treasure group flowers.

　　Avoid the five poisons

　　The five poisons in the minds of ancient northerners

　　Dragon Boat Festival in the ancient northern peoples mind is poison day, bad day, in the folk belief this idea has been passed down, so there are various customs to seek peace and avoid the five poisons. The five poisons are centipedes, venomous snakes, scorpions, geckos and toads. These five animals are the five poisons popular in the North in ancient times. According to the existing literature records, the customs of the northern Dragon Boat Festival in the Han Dynasty were mainly to avoid evil. In ancient times, the customs of the north and the south are different, and the ancient people in the north regarded the Dragon Boat Festival as a "poisonous day, bad day" and avoided it. In fact, this is due to the hot summer weather in the north, the plague is easy to spread, and the snake insects are easy to bite and hurt people, which made the ancient people in the north gradually form the custom of "avoiding the five poisons" and "avoiding the Dragon Boat Festival".

　　Images of jumping and hanging Zhong Kui

　　It is reported that jumping Zhong Kui, originated from the Northern Song Dynasty, is a traditional folk performance left over from ancient Huizhou, with a variety of contents such as "Going Out", "Marrying Younger Sister", "Removing the Five Toxins", which reflects the peoples worship of Zhong Kuis integrity and good wishes for eliminating harm and blessing. In the folk, "Zhong Kui" is a symbol of warding off evil, Dragon Boat Festival jumping Zhong Kui, meaning to eliminate the five toxins, four seasons of peace, longevity. In the Qing Dynasty, the residents of Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas in the south of the Yangtze River hung Zhong Kui pictures in the gate or hall in the fifth lunar month, in order to drive away evil and harm, dispel evil and lead to good luck.

　　Zhong Kui catching ghosts: is popular in the Jianghuai area of the Dragon Boat Festival custom. In the Jianghuai area, every family hangs the image of Zhong Kui to drive away evil spirits in the town house. It is said that Tang Ming Emperor Kaiyuan, from the Li Mountain to return to the palace, malaria Daihatsu, dreaming of two ghosts, a small one, the kid wearing red crotchless pants, stealing Yang Guifeis perfume bag and Ming Emperors jade flute, and running around the temple. The great ghost wears a blue robe and hat, catches the imp, gouges out his eyes, and swallows them at once. Ming Emperor asked, the big ghost played said: minister Zhong Kui, that is, Wuju is not the first, willing to remove demons for your Majesty. After the Ming emperor woke up, the malaria was cured, so the painter Wu Daozi, according to the dream to see the portrait of Zhong Kui catching ghosts, order the world in the Dragon Boat Festival, all posted to exorcise evil spirits.

　　Festive food

　　Dragon Boat Festival food Zongzi

　　Dragon Boat Festival food Zongzi

　　Dragon Boat Festival dumplings, is the traditional custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. Reed, commonly known as zongzi, the main material is glutinous rice, stuffing, with ruo leaves (or 柊 leaves, bougaina ancient cotyledon) wrapped into a variety of shapes, with sharp corners, square and so on. It has a long history and was originally used as a tribute to the ancestral gods. After it was introduced into the north, it made zongzi with millet (northern millet), called "Jiaozi". Due to the different eating habits in different places, Zongzi has formed a north-south flavor; In terms of taste, zongzi has two categories: salty Zongzi and sweet Zongzi. The custom of eating Zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival has prevailed in China for thousands of years, and has become one of the folk food customs with the greatest influence and the most extensive coverage of the Chinese nation, and has spread to Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian countries.

　　At the beginning of May every year, Chinese people soak glutinous rice, wash zongzi leaves, and wrap zongzi, which have a wide variety of colors and colors. From the filling point of view, the north multi-package jujube Beijing jujube zongzi; In the south, there are bean paste, fresh meat, ham, trichosanthes, egg yolk and other fillings.

　　Eat five kinds of Huang

　　Five Huangs

　　Five yellow, that is, yellow fish, cucumber, eel, duck egg yolk, realgar wine (realgar wine is toxic, generally drink ordinary yellow wine instead of realgar wine). Eating five Huangs is a folk custom of the Han nationality, popular in Jiangnan and other places. The fifth lunar month, Jiangnan people called five yellow moon, because there are five kinds of food with "yellow" sound on the market named.

　　Eating five yellow meals at noon on the Dragon Boat Festival is to eat five kinds of yellow food mixed together. Because the theory of traditional Chinese medicine believes that the Dragon Boat Festival is in the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, is the most vigorous time of the year Yang, and noon, is the most vigorous time of the day Yang, can use the power of the Dragon Boat Festival gas, curb bad luck, enhance their energy.

　　Drink Pu wine, realgar, cinnabar wine, spray with wine

　　As the custom of Dragon Boat Festival, the main medicinal wine is Pu wine and realgar wine. Pu wine is also called calamus wine, Chang Hua wine, etc., ancient folk often in the dragon Boat production, drinking, vulgar cloud can avoid plague. Realgar is also a medicine that is said to kill hundreds of poisons. The custom of drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival was very popular in the Yangtze River basin. There is an old saying that "drink realgar wine, the disease will go away." In the Annals of the Age of Jing Chu, it is said: "With calamus or rugs or chips, with cold wine." Pu Jiu aroma, a refreshing feeling, and later in the wine added realgar, cinnabar and so on. Ming Feng Yingjing "Yue Ling broad sense" : "Five days with vermilion wine, ward off evil and detoxification, with wine dyeing the forehead, chest, hands and feet, will not be the enemy of the viper (said in the ancient book)." They also sprinkle the walls and doors and Windows to keep away the pests." This custom is widespread. Realgar sprinkled with water and wine in the room can be disinfected and sterilized, and drinking catleaf sprinkles is also quite beneficial.

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