2016年英語四級仔細閱讀模擬題匯總

　　下面是小編整理的2016年英語四級閱讀理解仔細閱讀模擬試題匯總，提高給大家參考。

　　2016年英語四級閱讀理解仔細閱讀模擬試題(一)

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B., C.and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　People's tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left,and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare of discomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.

　　Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path,lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance waller and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.

　　Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by ( 英國的路旁停車帶 ). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and amongst the country sights and sounds without having to wall a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.

　　56. In Britain it is very risky to __________.

　　A.go with a single railway ticket

　　B.listen to pop-music at the festival

　　C. sleep in the open

　　D.pack together in crowds

　　57. At the end of the festival, many young fans__________.

　　A.were arrested by the police

　　B.had spent most of their money

　　C.were sleeping out

　　D.became quite penniless

　　58. Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large__________.

　　A.tracks through the open country

　　B.areas of country without soil

　　C.areas of countryside not developed

　　D.expanses of land where nobody works

　　59. Public pathways are created for people to__________.

　　A.commute to work

　　B.enjoy long-distance walking

　　C. wall to maritime counties

　　D.visit the historic or scenic sites

　　60. Family groups nowadays like to__________.

　　A.have meals out of doors by the road-side

　　B.go for a walk away from home

　　C.drive out past the beautiful places

　　D.hear and smell the animals

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.

　　For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have eactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else--he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned. " Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: "This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on. "

　　Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.

　　Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only"having a look around". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps,before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

　　61. When a man is buying clothes, __________.

　　A.he chooses things that others recormnend

　　B.he buys cheap things, regardless of quality

　　C.he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensive

　　D. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things

　　62. In commerce a good salesman is one who__________.

　　A.sells something a customer does not particularly want

　　B.always has in stock the thing the customer wants

　　C.can find out quickly the goods required

　　D.does not waste his time on difficult customers

　　63. What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?

　　A.He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.

　　B.He usually does not buy anything.

　　C.At least two of his reqnirements must be met before he buys.

　　D.So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.

　　64. According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women__________.

　　A.often buy things without thinking

　　B.seldom buy cheap clothes

　　C.welcome suggestions from anyone

　　D.never take any advice

　　65. What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers'?

　　A.The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.

　　B.Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.

　　C.Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.

　　D. The time they take over buying clothes.

　　Passage One

　　【參考譯文】

　　人們對于休閑娛樂的品位大相徑庭。在英國懷特島最近舉辦的一次流行音樂節(jié)上，青少年們成群結(jié)隊地去聽他們最喜愛的歌手和音樂家演唱。[56]他們只買得起去音樂節(jié)的單程火車票，甚至不惜露宿街頭，在英國那種氣候條件下，即便是在八月份，他們的這種行為也是非常危險的。他們像沙丁魚一樣在音樂節(jié)上擠了四天。音樂節(jié)現(xiàn)場有數(shù)不清的盜賊，一伙暴徒幾次三番試圖搗亂，而且到處都是警察。[57]音樂節(jié)結(jié)束后，許多年輕歌迷發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身無分文，想要回家都很困難。大多數(shù)人都會認為這種情形簡直像噩夢一樣叫人不爽，但是歌迷們似乎仍樂在其中。

　　[58]即便是在英國這樣擁擠的國家，也有一大片一大片未遭破壞的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)，在那里，有著更多傳統(tǒng)品位的人們可以尋求安靜以及他們在同大自然接觸過程中產(chǎn)生的自由感。特別是在國家級公園所在的地區(qū)，房產(chǎn)和工業(yè)的現(xiàn)代發(fā)展受到嚴格限制。游客可以步行幾英里，游覽極度迷人而又十分原始的風景，以及大量歷史和科學景點。[59]一些海濱縣城修建了公路;這些公路沿著懸崖峭壁一直延伸，而這些峭壁則緊挨著大西洋或英吉利海峽。在內(nèi)陸還有另一條公路，沿國北部的山脈修成，被稱作奔寧公路。在這里，遠途旅行者和熱愛大自然的人能夠收獲不少樂趣一而不會有被大批其他游人打攪的感覺。

　　國家級公園是為造福公眾而修建的，然而，很少有人能夠充分利用這一資源。[60]現(xiàn)下最為常見的事情就是，全家人一起開車去一個美麗的景點，將車停在路邊的停車帶。他們?nèi)�生野餐籃、折疊式桌椅、一把水壺和一臺便攜式火爐，然后在自己車的附近安頓下來，開始一頓野餐。顯然，他們對娛樂的觀點是呼吸新鮮空氣，身處鄉(xiāng)間，不用行走一步就能欣賞美景，聽聞鄉(xiāng)村之聲。他們似乎很喜歡用耳朵和鼻子去感受鄉(xiāng)問的車馬交通。

　　56.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞risky可將答案定位到第一段第三句。

　　解析：該句提到：“他們(青少年們)只買得起去音樂節(jié)的單程火車票，甚至不惜露宿街頭，在英國那種氣候條件下，即便是在八月份，他們的這種行為也是非常危險的。”故選C。

　　57.D

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息atthe end ofthefestival可將答案定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句。

　　解析：該句提到：“音樂節(jié)結(jié)束后，許多年輕歌迷發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身無分文，想要回家都很困難。”故選D。became quite penniless即意為“身無分文”，是對broke和with no money left的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　58.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息even in the overcrowded United Kingdom可將答案定位到第二段第一句。

　　解析：原文提到：“Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open Hrl—spoilt country…(即便是在英國這樣擁擠的國家，也有一大片一大片未遭破壞的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)……)”選項C中的not developed是原文中tin.spoilt的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為正確答案。

　　59.B

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息public pathways可將答案定位到第二段第四句。

　　解析：原文提到，一些海濱縣城修建了公路，在內(nèi)陸，沿英國北部的山脈也有一條公路。遠途旅行者和熱愛大自然的人能夠收獲不少樂趣，而且不會有被大批其他游人打攪的感覺�？梢姡�開辟公路就是為了讓人們能夠享受遠足，享受自然，故選B。

　　60.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息family groups nowadays可將答案定位到第三段第二句。

　　解析：原文提到，現(xiàn)下最為常見的事情就是，全家人一起開車去一個美麗的景點，將車停在路邊的停車帶。然后他們就拿出準備好的各種工具和食物在自己的汽車旁野餐，故選A。

　　Passage Two

　　【參考譯文】

　　買衣服對男人和女人來說是不同的經(jīng)歷。[61]男人去購物是因為他需要某些東西。他的目的是既定的，而且提前就做好了決定。他知道自己需要什么，而他的目的就是找到那個東西并買下來，價格倒在其次。[65]男人都是直接走進商店，詢問店員自己想要買的東西。如果店里有貨，銷售員能及時找到，而且馬上就能試穿或試用，這一切順利的話，整個交易一般在五分鐘之內(nèi)就可以完成。雖然幾乎沒什么言語交談，但是買賣雙方各自都滿意。

　　[62]對于男人來說，如果商店沒有他想買的東西或者羞不完全符合他心里的條件，可能會引發(fā)一些小問題。在那種情況下，導購就要像自己的職業(yè)名稱(導“購”)所暗示的那樣，嘗試賣給顧客別的東西：他把跟顧客要求最接近的東西推薦給他。優(yōu)秀的導購都不會貿(mào)然向顧客推薦替代品，他會花一番心思和技巧。比如，他會說：“先生，我知道這件上衣不是您想要的樣式，但您能否試一下，看看大小合不合適。它的顏色剛好符合您的要求。”[63]對于這種情況，男人很少會買賬，他們一般都會說：“也許衣服的顏色和大小都合適，但要是讓我試穿的話：既浪費了你的時間，也浪費了我的。”

　　現(xiàn)在來看一下女人買衣服的過程是怎樣的呢?每個環(huán)節(jié)差不多都和男人相反。女人購物通常都不是因為有什么需求。她從來都沒完全決定自己想要買什么，只是“四處看看”。[64]女人總是肯聽他人的勸說，她重視女店員的話，甚至是同伴的話。她會什么都試窒一下。在她內(nèi)心深處，她要找的衣服，是所查人都認為適合她的。與很多笑話里講的不同，很多女人在買衣服的時候還是精打細算的。她們總是在尋找意外的超值商品。[65]面對一屋子衣服，她們也許很容易就花上一個小時，一排排瀏覽，來來回回樂此不疲;她們會不時地折返腳步，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)自己想試穿的衣服。這是個累人的過程，但是很顯然，她們很享受這個過程。因此大部分服裝店都為那些等待的丈夫提供座椅。

　　【答案解析】

　　61.D

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息when a man is buying clothes可將答案定位到文章前兩段。

　　解析：第一段中提到：“男人去購物是因為他需要某些東西。他的目的是既定的，而且提前就做好了決定。他知道自己需要什么，而他的目的就是找到那個東西并買下來，價格倒在其次。”可見，男士不怎么會考慮價格，故選D。

　　62.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息agood salesman可將答案定位到第二段第二句。

　　解析：第二段開頭提到：“對于男人來說，如果商店沒有他想買的東西或者并不完全符合他心里的條件，可能會引發(fā)一些小問題。在那種情況下，導購就要像自己的職業(yè)名稱(導‘購’)所暗示的那樣，嘗試賣給顧客別的東西：他把跟顧客要求最接近的東西推薦給他。”可見，一名優(yōu)秀的導購是能成功將其他東西推銷給顧客的，故選A。

　　63.B

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息cannot get exactly what he wants可將答案定位到第二段第一句。

　　解析：第二段描述的是如果商店沒有與男人想象的完全一樣的商品時，會出現(xiàn)什么情況。題干的重點在于男人的反應，因此尋讀到第二段結(jié)尾處，此處作者提到：“對于這種情況，男人很少會買賬，他們一般都會說：‘也許衣服的顏色和大小都合適，但要是讓我試穿的話，既浪費了你的時間，也浪費了我的。”’可見，在這種情況下，男人一般是什么都不會買的，故選B。

　　64.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息when shopping for clothes，women可將答案定位到第三段。

　　解析：第三段中提到：“女人總是肯聽他人的勸說，她重視女店員的話，甚至是同伴的話。她會什么都試穿一下。在她內(nèi)心深處，她要找的衣服，是所有人都認為適合她的。”可見，女士很容易聽取他人的建議.故C項為正確答案，

　　65.D

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息the most obvious difference between men and women可知解答本題需通觀全文，但由于涉及女性的購物特點，因此可到第三段尋找線索。

　　解析：在講男人買衣服的情況時，作者提到：“如果店里有貨，銷售員能及時找到，而且馬上就能試穿或試用.這一切順利的話，整個交易一般在五分鐘之內(nèi)就可以完成。”在講女人買衣服的情況時，作者提到：“面對一屋子衣服，她們也許很容易就花上一個小時，一排排瀏覽，來來回回樂此不疲;她們會不時地折返腳步，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)自己想試穿的衣服。”因此，男人與女人在買衣服問題上最主要的區(qū)別就很明顯了，故本題應選D。

　　2016年英語四級閱讀理解仔細閱讀模擬試題(二)

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (長柄平底煎鍋) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (熒光檢查儀), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 權(quán)威意見) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 膽汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.

　　We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣賢) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.

　　56. This passage focuses on__________.

　　A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment

　　B. the digestibility of fried foods

　　C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation

　　D. why fried foods have long been frowned upon

　　57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.

　　A. they are healthful

　　B. they are much cheaper

　　C. they can be easily digested

　　D. they can provide the calories the workers need

　　58. The author implies that the public should__________.

　　A. prepare some foods by frying

　　B. avoid fried foods if possible

　　C. fry foods for adults but not for children

　　D. prepare all foods by frying

　　59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.

　　A. grateful

　　B. factual

　　C. sarcastic

　　D. humorous

　　60. The passage was probably taken from__________.

　　A. a medical journal

　　B. a publication addressed to the general public

　　C. a speech at a medical convention

　　D. an advertisement for cooking oil

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 發(fā)展中國家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.

　　But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.

　　In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.

　　In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居國外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.

　　Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.

　　61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?

　　A. The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.

　　B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.

　　C. Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.

　　D. The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.

　　62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?

　　A. Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.

　　B. "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.

　　C. The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.

　　D. The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.

　　63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________.

　　A. keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduation

　　B. cooperate more effectively with international organizations

　　C. set up more return programs under the guidance of the UN

　　D. send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries

　　64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.

　　A. as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically

　　B. as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structures

　　C. unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroad

　　D. if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals

　　65. The best title for the passage is__________.

　　A. The Brain Drain of the Developing Countries

　　B. Knowledge Transfer

　　C. The Talents from the Developing Countries

　　D. The Failure of Development Programs

　　【參考譯文】

　　很長時間以來，人們都不喜歡油炸食品。然而，長柄平底煎鍋基本上是我們廚房里最方便、最有用的廚具。

　　[57]健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中的有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。用煎鍋烹制的肉、蛋和法式土司每天都會出現(xiàn)在千百萬人家的餐桌上。很明顯，困擾這些食用者的不是消化不良的跡象越來越多，而是那些堅持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹飪的人對他們的折磨。數(shù)年前，一位非常著名的生理學家研究了油炸薯條的可消化性。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，用平底鍋烹制食物時，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮過的食物，經(jīng)過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。并且，當通過熒光檢查儀觀察胃里食物的消化過程時他還發(fā)現(xiàn)，實際上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而現(xiàn)在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)都與“權(quán)威”說法相悖、營養(yǎng)方面的書籍汗牛充棟，其中油炸食品有害的權(quán)威說法隨處可見——孩子絕對不能吃任何油炸食物。一些書籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸這種烹飪方式。時不時還會有某位專家大膽地指出自己進行了親身試驗，但他吃了油炸食物身體卻安然無恙的原因在于自己的胃功能強大。當然，我們可以重復閱讀這些好文章.直到感覺味同嚼蠟、無聊透頂。但是(油炸)這種含有起酥油的徹底加熱的方式，并不像之前人們所定義的那樣糟糕。這樣的食物不僅不會阻礙膽囊收縮，反而會刺激其收縮。這樣，這些膽汁就能在營養(yǎng)物從胃里流出之后迅速與其混合。

　　[58]我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反：油炸食品這個方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據(jù)。但是這一觀念卻根深蒂固。

　　[59]人們最初對油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位“圣賢”，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結(jié)果。于是他的這種論調(diào)傳播開來。不少人贊同他的觀點，后來人們就把這種信條寫入教科書了�，F(xiàn)在，這種信條是一種傳統(tǒng)的定義，而不是經(jīng)過驗證的事實，這種信條早就該被推翻了，因為實踐已經(jīng)證明了它的荒謬。

　　【答案解析】

　　56.B定位：根據(jù)題干信息this passage focuses on可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析：整篇文章談論的主題是油炸食品是否易于消化。第一段提到：人們一直不喜歡油炸食品，因為據(jù)說這種食品不好消化，但科學家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。第二段提到：人們反對油炸食品，說其會引起消化不良，是因為這種說法已經(jīng)成為傳統(tǒng)，但它卻并非被證明了的事實，而實踐已經(jīng)證明了它的荒謬。綜上所述，這篇文章的主題就是me digestibility of tried foods。故選B。

　　57.D定位：根據(jù)題干信息people engaged in active labor可將答案定位到第一段第三句。解析：該句提到：“健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中約有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。”由此可知，從事體力勞動的人員需要吃油炸食物是因為這類食物能提供足夠的熱量。故選D。

　　58.A定位：根據(jù)題干信息implies that the public should可將答案定位到第二段第一句。解析：題干問作者對公眾烹飪食品有何建議，作者在第一段提到，據(jù)實驗證明，油炸食品非但不會導致消化不良，而且還比較容易消化。第二段開頭處又提到：“我們沒有必要讓我們的食品浸在油里，但與此相反，油炸食品這個方法被廣泛禁止好像也沒有什么依據(jù)。”可見，作者的觀點是人們是可以食用一些油炸食品的。故選A。

　　59.C定位：根據(jù)題干信息an“oracle”suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu可將答案定位到第二段第二句。解析：題干中的引文選自第二段中間處，作者提到：“人們最初對油炸食品的非難，可能源自某位。圣賢’，這位前輩偶爾消化不良就認定是吃了菜單上某些油炸食品的結(jié)果。于是他的這種論調(diào)傳播開來”作者的諷刺語氣躍然紙上。加之oracle本身就在引號里，更足以證明其諷刺性。故選C。

　　60.B定位：根據(jù)題于信息taken from可知解答本題需通觀全文。解析：題干問這篇文章的出處。從文章內(nèi)容和風格來看，應該是節(jié)選自一本大眾科普讀物，它既不像醫(yī)學雜志、會議發(fā)言文章那樣嚴謹，也不像廣告那樣以產(chǎn)品為核心。因此正確答案為B項。

　　2016年英語四級閱讀理解仔細閱讀模擬試題(三)

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B., C. andD. . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or hcr own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?

　　Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.

　　Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace.

　　Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations far

　　more quickly than they could without the use of computer.

　　Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts. marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.

　　It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatile tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.

　　56. The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means__________.

　　A. the ability to read and write

　　B. the ability to use

　　C. literature

　　D. the knowledge of language

　　57. The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

　　A. persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroom

　　B. analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college students

　　C. identify some of the ways that computers benefit college students

　　D. describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages

　　58. According to the author, a word processor can be used to __________.

　　A. revise papers

　　B. retype papers

　　C. reduce the psychological burden of writing papers

　　D. improve the writing skills of a student

　　59. In this passage, the writer's argument is developed primarily through the use of __________.

　　A. cause-effect analysis

　　B. comparison and contrast

　　C. induction

　　D. examples

　　60. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is__________.

　　A. to learn something

　　B. to perfect themselves

　　C. to improve computer skills

　　D. to make the best use of computers

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult (迷信) of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.

　　The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.

　　The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit 'lack of communication', and larded (夾雜) with the obscenities (下流的話) and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.

　　But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄地) put it, "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.

　　61. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both __________.

　　A. occasionally aim at a certain fluidity

　　B. appear to shun perfection

　　C. from time to time show regard for the finishing touch

　　D. make use of economical short cuts

　　62. "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6～7, Paragraph 1 ) means __________.

　　A. an artist's work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standards

　　B. an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferior

　　C. the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenliness

　　D. artistic expression is inhibited by too many roles

　　63. Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which__________.

　　A. is incoherent and linguistically objectionable

　　B. is far too ungrammatical for most people to follow

　　C. unintentionally shocks the audience

　　D. tries to hide the author's intellectual inadequacies

　　64. The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC__________.

　　A. is the worst among all broadcasting networks

　　B. has raised English-speaking up to a new level

　　C. has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960s

　　D. is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys

　　65. Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since__________.

　　A. they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadays

　　B. they fear the children may become less coherent

　　C. more importance is now attached to oral expression

　　D. the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideas

　　【參考譯文】

　　[56]現(xiàn)在，越來越多的教育專家認為大學生一定要懂電腦。甚至還有許多人認為每個大學新生都應該隨時能使用自己的電腦。那么，電腦能夠給大學生帶來什么好處呢?

　　任何一個使用過word程序的人都知道使用電腦的一個必要原因：寫論文。[58]雖然并非所有學生都喜歡在word文檔里寫東西，但是大部分學生都發(fā)現(xiàn)在電腦上進行修改和編輯更加容易。只需按下幾個鍵，你就可以修改、插入或者刪除，無需重寫或重新輸入。此外，由于這種修改并不怎么煩累，學生更有可能經(jīng)常修改，從而完成一篇質(zhì)量最高的論文。因此，很多為大一新生開設(shè)的英文課程都要求學生使用word程序。

　　電腦對于語言課程也是非常有用的，它們能幫助學生訓練基本的語言能力。軟件程序為非母語英語課程，同時還有法語、德語、西班牙語以及其他語種的課程的教育帶來了方便。通過定期使用這些程序，學生可以根據(jù)自己的進度提高語言水平。

　　理科類學生可以用電腦做很多事情。比如，利用電腦的繪圖功能，生物專業(yè)的學生可以描述和分析不同植物的生長模式。醫(yī)學專業(yè)的學生可以學會利用電腦合成的圖片來了解人體的內(nèi)部構(gòu)造。運用電腦，物理專業(yè)的學生進行復雜的計算可以比在沒有電腦時快得多。

　　同樣，商務和會計專業(yè)的學生會發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們作業(yè)的很多方面都離不開電腦上的電子制表軟件;而想從事平面造型藝術(shù)、市場營銷和公關(guān)工作的學生會發(fā)現(xiàn)懂電腦繪圖很重要。教育學專業(yè)的學生學習用電腦開發(fā)評分系統(tǒng)，而社會科學專業(yè)的學生使用電腦對研究結(jié)果進行分析，并將研究結(jié)果以圖表的形式呈現(xiàn)。

　　綜上所述，難怪教育專家會贊成學生購買和使用個人電腦。[60]作為一種多功能工具，電腦能堡幫助學生堂習。畢竟，這也就是讀大學的原因。

　　【答案解析】

　　56.B

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息可將答案直接定位到第一段第一句。

　　解析：literacy最基本的意思是tlle ability to read and write，但在本文中的literacy出現(xiàn)于第一段：

　　Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students.因此，此處literacy引申為“使用的能力”。故選B。

　　57.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息main purpose of this passage可知解答本題需要通觀全文。

　　解析：在文章開頭處作者提到：“現(xiàn)在，越來越多的教育專家認為大學生一定要懂電腦。甚至還有許多人認為每個大學新生都應該隨時能使用電腦。那么，電腦能夠給大學生帶來什么好處呢?”顯然，作者下面要講的就是擁有電腦對大學生的多種好處。故C為正確選項。B項也比較有迷惑性，但文章并未提到disadvantages.故排除。

　　58.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息wordprocessorcanbe usedto可將答案定位到第二段第二、三句。

　　解析：第二段提到：“雖然并非所有學生都喜歡在word文檔里寫東西，但是大部分學生都發(fā)現(xiàn)在電腦上進行修改和編輯更加容易。只需按下幾個鍵，你就可以修改、插入或者刪除，無需重寫或重新輸入。”可見，word程序能幫助學生編輯論文。故選A。

　　59.D

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息the writer’s argument is developed primarily through可知解答本題需要通觀全文。

　　解析：作者為了說明自己的論點，即“擁有電腦對大學生的多種好處”，舉了很多例子：他首先指出電腦在寫論文時的用途，接著說明電腦在語言學習中的用途，然后又說明了電腦對理科學生的重要性，最后還說明其對商務專業(yè)、會計專業(yè)、教育學以及社會科學等專業(yè)的學生有何幫助。故選D。因果分析、比較對比、歸納總結(jié)等寫作方式不是本文的主要寫作方式。

　　60.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息the reason for students to go to college可將答案定位到文章最后一段。解析：文章在舉例說明了電腦對各專業(yè)學生的幫助之后，再次回到首段中提到的觀點，即教育專家為什么支持學生使用電腦。作者總結(jié)道：“作為一種多功能工具，電腦能夠幫助學生學習。畢竟，這也就是讀大學的原因。”可見上大學的終極目標也就是學習。故選A。

　　Passage Two

　　【參考譯文】

　　語言是而且也應該是活的，不斷有新的詞匯和表達形式來使其豐富完善。但是發(fā)展有好有壞，兩種發(fā)展有著很大區(qū)別。前者為語言注入新的東西，讓我們能夠表達出之前不能表達的東西，而后者就不一樣了.它通過減弱語言的精準度而降低語言層次。對詞匯靈活、生動的使用同對詞匯邋遢、馬虎的使用是不可混為一談的。[61]有些語言工作者有意大量以邋遢、馬虎的方式使用詞匯，他們的這種做法同狂熱地迷信藝術(shù)品不需要潤飾的做法很相似，而藝術(shù)品不潤飾的做法也逐漸毀掉了我們這個時代的藝術(shù)品。[62]對于這種見象。解決的方法同藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作是一樣的：規(guī)則是對藝術(shù)的促進，而不是對藝術(shù)的阻礙。用黃油來雕刻永遠也做不出令人滿意的藝術(shù)品。

　　伴隨著書面英語的慘淡現(xiàn)狀，英語口語的水平更是大大降低了。我們現(xiàn)在說的口語要比一兩代之前接受普通教育的英國人差很多。

　　我們對語言的欣賞水平越來越差，這一點，現(xiàn)代劇院難辭其咎。[63]相比以前吐字極為清晰的戲劇語言，倒如蕭伯納戲劇的語言(他本人說話時也堅持良好的發(fā)音),現(xiàn)代觀眾不得不接受的是勉強識字的人所袁述的信息，而且常常被拙劣地設(shè)計成“(現(xiàn)代人)溝通缺乏”的體現(xiàn)，很多時候還夾雜缺乏教養(yǎng)的下流言語和語法錯誤。埃米莉·波斯特曾建議她的讀者：“劇院是你最有可能聽得到清晰純正發(fā)音的場所了。”唉，如今已然不是了。最近有報道稱，為了在表演中更入戲，一名年輕女演員正在上專門教授低劣言辭的課。

　　但最糟糕的背叛者要數(shù)BBC了。[64]BBC曾多年如一日地幫助提升英語的口語標準。并且卓有成效'但是隨后它就突然倒行逆施了。誠如英國發(fā)音部門負責人所含蓄表示的那樣：“20世紀60年代。BBC亞絲向更廣泛的講話者人群開放。”聽BBC音樂節(jié)目主持人與猿猴一般的最新流行偶像做訪談節(jié)目，絕對是一場震撼身心的言語悲劇。不僅如此，將來的情形似乎更糟。[65]現(xiàn)在學校都積極鼓勵老師們不要苛責小孩子語法不連貫、拼寫糟糕、發(fā)音蹩腳。因為他們擔心那樣做可能會扼殺孩子的創(chuàng)造天賦。

　　【答案解析】

　　61.B

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞slovenliness和arts可將答案定位到第一段第四句。

　　解析：該句提到：“有些語言工作者有意大量以邋遢、馬虎的方式使用詞匯，他們的這種做法同狂熱地迷信藝術(shù)品不需要潤飾的做法很相似。”可見二者的共同點在于都不追求完美。故選B。

　　62.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息可直接將答案定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句。

　　解析：第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到：And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced，not hindered，bydiscipline.從字面理解這句話，其意為：“……規(guī)則是對藝術(shù)的促進，而不是對藝術(shù)的阻礙。”即：沒有規(guī)矩，不成方圓;遵守規(guī)范，才會有更好的藝術(shù)。緊接著的下一句“You cannot carve sailsfactorilvinbutter.(用黃油來雕刻永遠也做不出令人滿意的藝術(shù)品。)”將此意說得更明白透徹。故選A。

　　63.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息modemplays可將答案定位到第三段第二句。

　　解析：本題是問現(xiàn)代戲劇語言具有怎樣的特點。第三段第二句提到：“相比以前吐字極為清晰的戲劇語言，現(xiàn)代觀眾不得不接受的是勉強識字的人所表述的信息，而且常常被拙劣地設(shè)計成‘(現(xiàn)代人)溝通缺乏’的體現(xiàn)，很多時候還夾雜著缺乏教養(yǎng)的下流言語和語法錯誤。”故A為正確答案。incoherent和linguistically objectionable是對文中streams ofbarely fiterate trivia的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。

　　64.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞BBC可將答案定位到最后一段前半部分。

　　解析：原文提到，BBC曾多年如一日地幫助提升英語的口語標準，并且卓有成效，但是隨后它就突然倒行逆施了。自20世紀60年代起，BBC開始向更廣泛的講話者人群開放。聽BBC音樂節(jié)目主持人與猿猴一般的最新流行偶像做訪談節(jié)目，絕對是一場震撼身心的言語悲劇�？梢�，BBC主持語言的水平從20世紀60年代起就急轉(zhuǎn)直下，故選C。

　　65.D

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息teachers和linguistic lapses in their pupils可將答案定位到文章最后一句。

　　解析：文章最后提到：“現(xiàn)在學校都積極鼓勵老師們不要苛責小孩子語法不連貫、拼寫糟糕、發(fā)音蹩腳，因為他們擔心那樣做可能會扼殺孩子的創(chuàng)造天賦。”也就是說，老師們害怕過多地糾正小學生的語言問題會使他們不再勇于表達自己的觀點。故選D。

　　2016年英語四級閱讀理解仔細閱讀模擬試題(四)

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA.,B., C. andD.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.

　　It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions (工會)such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.

　　This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States.

　　For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade (行業(yè)) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.

　　There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.

　　Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies,unions can fight for their members' disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.

　　Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" (工廠工人代表) in many unions, "shop stewards" being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or work level.

　　56. Why is the trade union power crucial in Britain?

　　A. Because the economy is very interdependent.

　　B. Because the unions have been established a long time.

　　C. Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.

　　D. Because there are many essential services offered by the unions.

　　57. Because of their out-of-date organization, some unions find it difficult to __________.

　　A. bargain for high enough wages

　　B. get new members to join

　　C. learn new technologies

　　D. change as industries change

　　58. Disagreements arise between unions because some of them__________.

　　A. try to win over members of other unions

　　B. ignore agreements

　　C. protect their own members at the expense of others

　　D. take over other unions' jobs

　　59. Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers in companies?

　　A. They are both influential in company affairs.

　　B. They both face problems of internal communication.

　　C. They both work with a system of "shop stewards".

　　D. They both work efficiently.

　　60. The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be __________.

　　A. British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks

　　B. A Centralized and Concentrated Society

　　C. The Power of Trade Unions in Britain

　　D. The Structure of British Trade Unions

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

　　One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up (符合標準).

　　Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking--still in private rather than in public--whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of our society.

　　Should Harvard--or any other university--be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social 　revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard ( 楔形板) houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.

　　The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, many years ago.

　　"If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and they must be disinterested... They are places to which men can turn for unbiased judgments. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired..."

　　This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderated students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be "disinterested" but activist in bringing the Nation's ideals and actions together.

　　Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 21st century.

　　61. A "paradox"(Line 1, Paragraph 1 ) is__________.

　　A. an unusual situation

　　B. a parenthetical expression

　　C. a difficult puzzle

　　D. a self-contradiction

　　62. The word "sanctuary", in paragraph 3 refers to __________.

　　A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god

　　B. a temple or nnnnery of the middle age

　　C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps

　　D. an academy for intelligent people

　　63. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should __________.

　　A. fight off militarism

　　B. exert greater influence upon the young generation

　　C. take an active part in solving the society's ills

　　D. reconsider the structure of institutes and departments

　　64. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harward men are becoming __________.

　　A. more sure about them

　　B. less sure about them

　　C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer

　　D. less interested in them

　　65. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard__________.

　　A. will influence the future of America

　　B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change

　　C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends

　　D. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment

　　【參考譯文】

　　一個工業(yè)社會對某些基本服務(比如電力供應、水、鐵路和公路運輸以及港口)有著很強的依賴性，特別是在英國這樣集權(quán)而集中的國家更是如此。而今，依賴的領(lǐng)域已擴大到垃圾清運、醫(yī)院和救護車服務，而且，隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，中央計算機和信息服務也包含其中。一旦這些服務中的任何一項停止運作，整個經(jīng)濟體系就會處于危險之中、

　　[56]正是由于經(jīng)濟體系內(nèi)各種經(jīng)濟因素相互依賴，才使得工會權(quán)力成為如此重要的問題。單是工會就能切斷許多國家的經(jīng)濟命脈。相比其他國家，這種情況在英國更有可能發(fā)生，一部分原因是，英國的工人力量具有高度組織化的特征。在英國，約有55%的工人是工會的成員，而在美國，這一比例還不到25%。由于一些歷史原因，英國的工會趨向于沿著行業(yè)和職業(yè)的方向發(fā)展，而不是各行業(yè)獨立發(fā)展。這種情況導致薪金政策、行業(yè)民主以及薪金水平規(guī)定流程的改進很難實現(xiàn)。

　　[57]工會運動面臨許多限制和壓力，其中一些源于工會本身落后而低效的結(jié)構(gòu)。由于產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整，一些工會已經(jīng)失去了很多成員。另外一些工會則面臨一系列爭論：新的行業(yè)中究竟由誰來代表工人?技術(shù)性行業(yè)的工會跟一般意義上的工會是分離的，這意味著，某些工作薪金水平的不同通常會在各工會之間引發(fā)摩擦，[58]傳統(tǒng)的行業(yè)正逐漸被先進的技術(shù)所替代，在這些行業(yè)里，工會會為其成員渺無前景的工作努力抗爭，使其他工會成員的工作也受到威脅或者破壞。美國和英國的報紙印刷經(jīng)常會中斷，因為印刷工要努力維護本行業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)地位和高額薪酬。

　　[59]和公司中的經(jīng)理們一樣，工會內(nèi)部也同樣面臨著交流問題。在那些大型工會或者聚集了不同行業(yè)工人的工會里，這些問題成倍增加。有些工會需要定期選舉并更換主席;另一些工會則采取選舉或指定一名終身主席一在很多工會里，干部必須在“工廠工人代表”的體制下工作。工廠工人代表由其他工人在整個工廠或者車間內(nèi)選舉產(chǎn)生，來代表其他工人的利益。

　　【答案解析】

　　56.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息thetrade union power和crucial可將答案定位到第二段第一句。

　　解析：該句提到：“正是由于經(jīng)濟體系內(nèi)各種經(jīng)濟因素相互依賴(this economic interdependency of the economic system)，才使得工會權(quán)力成為如此重要的問題。”選項A符合題意。

　　57.D

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息out-of-date organization可將答案定位到第三段第一句。

　　解析：第三段開頭處提到：“工會運動面臨許多限制和壓力，其中一些源于工會本身落后而低效的結(jié)構(gòu)。由于產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整，一些工會已經(jīng)失去了很多成員。另外一些工會則面臨一系列爭論：新的行業(yè)中究竟由誰來代表工人?”可見由于其落后的結(jié)構(gòu)，工會適應不了產(chǎn)業(yè)的變化和調(diào)整。故D為正確答案。

　　58.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息disagreements arise between unions可將答案定位到第三段第四句。

　　解析：該句提到：“技術(shù)性行業(yè)的工會跟一般意義上的工會是分離的，這意味著，某些工作薪金水平的不同通常會在各工會之間引發(fā)摩擦。”可見differentlevels ofwagesfor certainjobs是引發(fā)矛盾的一大原因，但在四個選項中找不到意思相近的表述。我們繼續(xù)向下尋讀即可發(fā)現(xiàn)下一句中提到：“傳統(tǒng)的行業(yè)正逐漸被先進的技術(shù)所替代，在這些行業(yè)里，工會會為其成員渺無前景的工作努力抗爭，使其他工會成員的工作也受到威脅或者破壞。”也就是說，一些工會會為了保護自己成員的利益而犧牲其他工會成員的利益。故選項C為正確答案。

　　59.B

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息managersin companies可將答案定位到最后一段第一句。

　　解析：該句提到：“和公司中的經(jīng)理們一樣，工會內(nèi)部也同樣面，臨著交流問題二在那些大型工會或者聚集了不同行業(yè)工人的工會里，這些問題成倍增加。”可見，工會和經(jīng)理們的共同點就是在其內(nèi)部存在著溝通不暢的問題，故選B。

　　60.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞tire可知解答本題需通現(xiàn)全文。

　　解析：本題問選項中最適合做文章題目的是哪一項，考查的是全文的主旨。從全文的內(nèi)容看，文章主要闡述了英國工會的狀況及其存在的問題。故應選A。最具迷惑性的是D項The Structure ofBritishTrade Unions，但其只提到英國工會的結(jié)構(gòu)，而沒有概括其存在的問題，故不夠全面。

　　【參考譯文】

　　[61]美國現(xiàn)今最有趣的一個矛盾是，作為美國高等教育歷史最悠久的大學，哈佛大學正在進行一場嚴峻的爭論，爭論圍繞的中心問題是大學究竟應該是什么樣的，而哈佛大學又是否符合條件。

　　哈佛大學和羅馬天主教堂以及其他一些古老的機構(gòu)一樣正在提出疑問——這種提問尚在私下里進行，并沒有公開——所提出的問題是：哈佛過去對于院系、權(quán)威、招生、課程設(shè)置的設(shè)想，是否真的跟現(xiàn)代社會所面臨的問題相關(guān)。

　　[62][63]除了作為某一時代中政治和社會變革的避難所，哈佛大學(或者其他大學)是否應該也是知識分子的避難所;或者，它是否應該成為一個進行政治和社會變革實驗的實驗室;或者，它是否甚至應該成為改革的動力?這正是現(xiàn)在哈佛大學全體教職工在校園內(nèi)部私下探討的話題。

　　多年前，沃爾特·李普曼闡釋了這個問題，他是一名杰出的哈佛大學畢業(yè)生。

　　“如果大學想要名副其實，”他說，“那就必須獨立于社會，必須堅持公平……大學應該是能為人們提供公正評判的地方。顯然，一旦大學為政治權(quán)力或私人利益所控制，或者說，一旦大學參與政治和政府的領(lǐng)導，那么，它們作為獨立和公正評判之源的價值就大大減弱了。”

　　這只是現(xiàn)今哈佛大學正在討論的部分問題。另一部分討論來自崇尚武力的人，甚至還包括很多溫和的學生。他們認為，大學應該成為我們理想和道德的捍衛(wèi)者，因此不應該是“無為”的，而應該成為將國家的理想和行動結(jié)合起來的行動者。

　　[64]如今，哈佛人似乎今非昔比，他們面臨更多困惑，對自身的定位、政治的和學術(shù)的目標也沒有當初那么明確了。他們甚至都不清楚該如何探討和解決自己的問題，但私下里他們正做著努力。[65]無論最終的結(jié)果怎樣，都注定將影響21世紀美國的大學和政治生活。

　　【答案解析】

　　61.D

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞paradox可將答案定位到第一段第一句。

　　解析：paradox意為“person，thingor situationdisplaying contradictoryfeatures(有矛盾特點的人、事物或情況)”。文章第一段提到：“美國現(xiàn)今最有趣的一個——是，作為美國高等教育歷史最悠久的大學，哈佛大學正在進行一場嚴峻的爭論，爭論圍繞的中心問題是大學究竟應該是什么樣的，而哈佛大學又是否符合條件。”作為大學卻對自身的合理性、存在的意義產(chǎn)生了疑問，不能不說是一種自相矛盾。故答案選D。

　　62.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息“sanctuary”in paragraph 3可將答案定位到第三段第一行。

　　解析：sanctuary本意是“圣殿”，在中世紀一般是指某些教堂或者修道院，可以充當躲避任何政府懲罰’和迫害的避難所。引申義即是：一個人們可以躲進去以避過災禍的地方。文中使用的就是這個意思。

　　從該詞后面的apartfromthepolitical and social revolution ofthe age我們也能得出一些線索。故選C。

　　63.C

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息issuesinthedebateonHarvard’sgoals，andwhetllermeyshould可將答案定位到第三段。

　　解析：關(guān)于哈佛大學辦學的宗旨，第三段提出了三種可能：“哈佛大學(或者其他大學)是否應該也是知識分子的避難所;或者，它是否應該成為一個進行政治和社會變革實驗的實驗室;或者，它是否甚至應該成為改革的動力?”三者在大學參與社會問題的程度問題上逐漸深入。其實，大學是應該獨立于社會問題之外，保持其公平性，還是應該在解決社會問題中起積極作用才是文中人們探討的核心問題，也是貫穿文章始終的主旨。故選C。

　　64.B

　　定位：根據(jù)題干信息goals and purposes in life，Harvard men are becoming可將答案定位到文章最后一段。

　　解析：文章最后提到：“如今，哈佛人似乎今非昔比，他們面臨更多困惑，對自身的定位、政治的和學術(shù)的目標也沒有當初那么明確了。”不難發(fā)現(xiàn)答案為B。

　　65.A

　　定位：根據(jù)題于信息me author’s judgment可將答案定位到文章最后一段。

　　解析：文章大部分都在轉(zhuǎn)述他人的觀點，作者只在最后對所探討的問題表述了自己的觀點：無論最終的結(jié)果怎樣，都注定將影響21世紀美國的大學和政治生活。故選A。

【英語四級仔細閱讀模擬題】相關(guān)文章：

12月英語四級cet4仔細閱讀模擬題08-25

英語四級仔細閱讀答題技巧06-17

英語四級考試技巧：仔細閱讀08-07

英語四級仔細閱讀做題技巧10-27

如何快速破解英語四級仔細閱讀10-30

英語四級仔細閱讀真題答案10-10

英語四級聽力模擬題08-15

大學英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案12-12

如何攻克英語四級翻譯和仔細閱讀07-23

2016年英語四級仔細閱讀的答題技巧08-28