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2024備考職稱英語(yǔ)《理工A》閱讀理解真題試題
在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，我們很多時(shí)候都不得不用到試題，試題是命題者根據(jù)一定的考核需要編寫出來的。相信很多朋友都需要一份能切實(shí)有效地幫助到自己的試題吧？以下是小編收集整理的2024備考職稱英語(yǔ)《理工A》閱讀理解真題，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
備考職稱英語(yǔ)《理工A》閱讀理解真題試題 1
Older Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.
Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.
The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.
Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.
Black Holes Trigger
Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，once it gets close enough.
Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，F(xiàn)rance1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.
When the star gets close enough，the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explosion.“There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matter from being devoured by the black hole.The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.
The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats up as it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York，US2.“It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.
Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it‘s something that needs to be more studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.
詞匯：
supermassive adj.特大質(zhì)量的
imbalance/im5bAlEns/n.不平衡，不平衡
veer/ viE/v.轉(zhuǎn)向，改變方向
flatten/5flAtn/v.使成扁平，夷平
pancake/5pAnkeik/n.薄煎餅
obliterate/E5blitEreit/v.抹去，除去，消除
devour/di5vauE(r)/v.吞沒;毀滅
swirl/swE：l/打旋，旋動(dòng)
gamma rays γ 射線
supernova/7sju：pE5nEuvE/n.超新星
備考職稱英語(yǔ)《理工A》閱讀理解真題試題 2
DIY Your Own Desserts
We offer different kinds of classes to you all. A very popular class we are offering these 10 days is the class named “DIY Your Own Desserts”.
Can you imagine how happy your beloved one will be when you give him/her your DIY desserts on the special days like birthday. Mother’s Day and Father’s Day? Come to our class and make your own desserts. Give your beloved one some surprises! The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes (食譜) each lesson. The teacher will first show how to cook different recipes in front of you. And then he will guide you on how to prepare and make the food. At the end of the class you can either eat the meal prepared during the class or take it home with you. What’s more, you’ll be able to take home the copies of all the recipes.
Costs:$30 each lesson. You can start at any time.
Go to our website to get more information about the class.
You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it
52. You can join the class if you like to .
A. offer some recipes B. teach how to cook
C. make desserts yourself D. get some surprises
53. You will in the class.
A. eat the meal with teacher B. celebrate the special days
C. learn 2-3 recipes each lesson D. have a hands-on experience
54. You will pay for five lessons.
A.$30 B. $60 C. $120 D. $150
55. How can you attend the class?
A. Make a phone call to them. B. Send them an e-mail.
C. Get information from parents. D. Come to the class directly.
【參考答案】：52-55 CDDB
【逐題解析】：
52. C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中 “Come to our class and make your own desserts.” 可知，如果你想親自做些甜品，可以加入這個(gè)課程。本題難度較小。
53. D 【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中 “The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes each lesson.” 可知，在這個(gè)課堂上，你可以有親身實(shí)踐的烹飪經(jīng)歷。本題難度適中。
54. D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由文中 “$30 each lesson” 可知，五節(jié)課需要$150。本題難度較小。
55. B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中 “You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it” 可知，可以通過發(fā)送郵件或直接去辦公室報(bào)名參加。本題難度較小。
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