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職稱英語真題(衛(wèi)生A)閱讀理解試題
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職稱英語真題(衛(wèi)生A)閱讀理解試題 1
First Self-contained Heart Implanted 【首例整套人工心臟移植】
A patient on the brink of death has received theworld’s first self-contained artificial heart—abattery-powered device about the size of a softballthat runs without the need for wires, tubes or hosessticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump duringa sever-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awakeand responsive” Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors saidthey expected the artificial heart to extend the person’s life by only a month. But the deviceis considered a major step toward improving the patient’s quality of life.
The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used inthe 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. Themost famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to anapparatus about the size of a washing machine.
“I think it’s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said Dr. DavidFaxon, president of the American heart Association. However, he said the dream of animplantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: “This is obviously an experimentaldevice whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” Only about half of the 4,200Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.
Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginiain Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears.
“A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “It’s going to be hard toreplace that with a machine.”
The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumpingspeed based on the body’s needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the bodythat transmits current through the skin.
文章中文翻譯：
首例整套人工心臟移植
一位病危的患者接受了世界上第一個整套人工心臟移植——一個壘球般大小、由電池驅(qū)動的裝置。這個裝置運行時不需要電線，且患者胸部不必附帶軟管。
周一，在猶太醫(yī)院內(nèi)，兩名來自路易斯維爾大學的醫(yī)生經(jīng)過7小時的手術(shù)，給病人植入了鈦和塑料的泵狀心臟。該醫(yī)院聲稱，病人已于周二蘇醒，反應(yīng)靈敏，且正在安逸地休息。但拒絕透露病人的個人信息。
醫(yī)生說，病人如果不做手術(shù)，可能在一個月內(nèi)死亡，院方預(yù)計此人工心臟僅能延長病人一個月的壽命。但這一裝置卻被視為改善病人生命質(zhì)量的重要一步。
這種稱作AbioCor的新泵，與20世紀80年代那種通過管線與體外龐大機械相連的機械心臟相比，也是一項技術(shù)飛躍。那些舊機械心臟當中最為著名的便是Jarvic-7型，其采用空氣作為泵輸出裝置，與一個洗衣機般大小的器械相連接。
美國心臟協(xié)會主席David Faxon博士說：“這可能是人工心臟發(fā)展中的`重大飛躍。”但他還說，可植入的永久性人工心臟這一夢想還不現(xiàn)實，“很顯然，這只是一個實驗裝置，能否長期成功還有待證實�！钡却齽e人捐獻心臟的4 200個美國人中去年只有大約一半人接受到捐獻，剩余的大部分人都死亡了。
包括里士滿弗吉尼亞醫(yī)學院心臟病學主任Robert Higgins在內(nèi)的一些醫(yī)生說，人工心臟不太可能替代捐獻的心臟。
“如果移植得好，一個捐獻的心臟可存活15—30年，”他說，“而這一點機器是很難代替的�！�
AbioCor含有一個重達2磅的泵輸出裝置以及根據(jù)身體需要調(diào)整泵速度的電子控制器。它以佩戴在體外的一組小電池作為動力，通過皮膚來傳遞電流。
36. 前兩段告訴Self-contained artificial heart
A. was made of titanium and pump
B. had brought the patient to the brink of death
C. did not need to get power from outside the body
D. was invented by two surgeous from university of Louisville
37. 病人接收 the first self-contained heart
A. could not afford a donor heart
B. was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operation
C. died two month’s after the heart implantation
D. was reluctant to release his or her personal information
38. 第四段中the Jarvic-7 is
A. the most expensive mechanical heart
B. a mechanical heart used in the 1980s
C. as advanced as A biocor
D. replacing A biocor
39. 通過Dr. David Faxon, the self-contained heart is
A. a milestone in the artificial heart development
B. still in the experimental stage
C. an implantable, permanent artificial heart
D. unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts
40.從文章推斷出donor heart
A. saved the lives of about 2100 Americans the year before the report
B. will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or later
C. are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial hearts
D. can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant.
職稱英語真題(衛(wèi)生A)閱讀理解試題 2
Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States.
After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.
In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?
The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.
1. The Cherokee Nation used to live
A) on the American continent.
B) In the southeastern part of the US.
C) Beyond the Mississippi River.
D) In the western territory.
2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of
A) writing down the spoken language.
B) Making word pictures.
C) Teaching his people reading.
D) Printing their own newspaper.
3. A law was passed in 1830 to
A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.
B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.
C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.
D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.
4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.
A) they went in carts.
B) They went on horseback.
C) They marched on foot.
D) All of the above.
5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because
A) they were not willing to go there.
B) The government did not provide transportation
C) They did not have enough food and clothes.
D) The journey was long and boring.
KEY: BACDC
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