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職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習（精選8篇）
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職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習 1
第5部分：補全短文(第46——50題，每題2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。
US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty
1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a globaltobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco usethroughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signedthe Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the UnitedNations. (46)
2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved bymembers of the World Health Assembly，includingthe United States，last year. (47)
3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to havehealth warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. (48)Italso requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions forcountries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such anoutright ban.
4 (49) The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use killsnearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of allcancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHOestimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.
5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can takeeffect. (50)
A Tobacco stocks also perked up as investions discouried fears ** of fromthe US.
B So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.
C The impact of the treaty could be huge.
D Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobaccocontrol policies.
E The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking inpublic places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.
F TheSenate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement itsprovisions.
46——50：FDECB
職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習 2
請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
中國五年前根本沒有高速鐵路。但是現(xiàn)在高鐵列車(high-speed trains)的票經(jīng)常很快就售罄，盡管發(fā)車間隔比較短。人們能夠很方便地以兩倍于美國火車最髙速的速度在全國周游。高速鐵路系統(tǒng)的運菅非常成功，它運載的乘客是全國民航 (civil aviation)系統(tǒng)運載的乘客的.兩倍。中國有世界上最先進的、低排放的快速運輸系統(tǒng)之一，而做到這一點僅僅用了五年。
參考譯文：
China didnt have a high-speed rail five years ago.Butnow the tickets of high-speed trains are usually soldout very quickly, even though the departureinterval is quite short.And people can convenientlytravel around the nation at a speed that doubles thespeed of the fastest American train.The operation of high-speed rail system is very successful;it carries twice as many passengers as the nations civil aviation system.China has one of themost advanced rapid transit systems with low emissions in the world, and it only takes fiveyears to achieve this.
解析：
1.但是現(xiàn)在高鐵列車的票經(jīng)常很快就售罄，盡管發(fā)車間隔比較短:“售罄”可譯 為sell out，意為“賣完了，賣光了”;“發(fā)車間隔”譯為departure interval。
2.人們能夠很方便地以兩倍于美國火車最高速的速度在全國周游:“以...的速度”可譯為at a speed...，speed意為“速度”;“兩倍于”即“是...的兩倍”，可譯為double,也可譯為twice。
3.高速鐵路系統(tǒng)的運營非常成功，它運栽的乘客是全國民航系統(tǒng)運載的乘客的兩倍:“運栽”可用carry來表示�！氨稊�(shù)+as+many/much/large等形容詞+(比較的內(nèi)容)+as”為英語中表達倍數(shù)時常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，中間的形容詞根據(jù)比較的內(nèi)容來定，如比較大小則用as large as,表示“是...的兩倍大”則為twice as large as。
職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習 3
Text 1
Americans are getting ready for the biggest soccer event in the world. For the first time the world cup soccer competition will be held in the United States. While millions play the game around the world, soccer or football has only recently become popular here. It is only in the last 30 years that large numbers of young Americans became interested in soccer. Now it is the fastest growing sport in the country. A recent study found that almost 18 million young boys and girls play soccer in the United States.
The study also found that soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students. And so, when the world cup begins next week, more than one million Americans are expected to go and see the teams play. Organizers say this year s world cup will be the biggest ever. All the seats at most of the 52 games have already been sold.
Soccer has been played in the United States for a little more than one hundred years. But how did the sport come to this country? And how long has it existed in other parts of the world? No one knows exactly where the idea for soccer came from, or when people began playing the game. Some scientists say there is evidence that ball games using the feet were played thousands of years ago. There is evidence that ancient Greeks and Romans and native American Indians all played games sim- ilar to soccer.
Most experts agree that Britain is the birthplace of modem soccer. They also agree that the British spread the game around the world. Unlike the game today, which uses balls of man-made material or leather, early soccer balls were often made of animal stomachs. The rules of early soccer games also differed from those we have today.
26. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
[A] Americans were preparing for the world cup when the author wrote this article.
[ B ] More younger Americans became interested in soccer in the last 30 years.
[ C] Soccer is the fastest developing sport in the world.
[ D ] The article was written before the world cup held in the United States.
27. Which was the most popular sport as a traditional game among students?
[ A ] Basketball.
[ B ] American football.
[C] Soccer.
[D] Tennis.
28. For how long has soccer been played in the United States?
[ A] About a hundred years.
[ B ] About fifty years.
[ C ] Only recently.
[ D ] About thirty years.
29. Who invented the modem soccer game?
[ A ] American Indians. [ B ] British.
[c] Geeks [D] Romans.
30. What is the author going to state in the next paragraph?
[A] There have been attempts to start a professional soccer organization in the U. S..
[ B ] In the 12th century soccer games in Britain often involved whole towns.
[C] Professional soccer grew quickly in Europe.
[D] Experts believed that the United States would win.
Text 2
The cohesiveness(內(nèi)聚力 ) of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine prac- tices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force, however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours--what we here call "shift work"--makes the lives of families difficult.
Existing re.search shows that both male and female shift workers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shift work couples still maintain a traditional attitude to the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed a willingness to do "whatever it takes" to approximate their view of a proper marriage,in- cluding sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed, even when wives worked outside their homes, a proper marriage is character- ized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are "providers" whose major responsibility is to sup- port the family ;wives arc "homemakers" who clean, cook, and care for husbands and children.
The womens definitions of a "good husband" are typified by the following wifes response:
I expect him to be a good provider, and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me,expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speak- ing, wben it s time to be a man I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do everything.To husbands,a good wife is someone who is:
Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work,I hope I get it al work. I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don t want her to give me a lot of shil when I come home from work because I don t know if this makes much sense.
These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shift workers.
31. Despite , shift work couples still hoped to maintain a stable life.
[ A ] traditional beliefs about marriage
[ B ] Jack of control over time
[ C ] a very clear division of roles
[ D ] the demands of work
32. From the selection, we can conclude that female shift workers were NOT satisfied with
[A] their work
[ B ] their children
[ C ] their husbands inability to protect the family and provide companionship
[D] leisure activities
33. What is implied by the author?
[ A 1 Shift work had a direct effect on the attitudes and behavior of family members.
[ B ] Shift workers could live a normal life.
[ C] Shift work couples had unconventional ideas about marriage.
[ D ] Female shift workers were satisfied with the time spent together with their families.
34. In order to continue the marriages of the shift workers,
[ A] wives must learn to care for the children when their husbands are absent
[ B ] shift work couples must administer their time and activities
[ C ] wives mustn t adapt their own feelings of boredom to their husbands
[ D ] all of thesework
35. The best title for this paragraph is
[ A ] Constructing Family Life
[ B ] Managing Time and Activities
[ C ] The Meaning of Marriage
[ D ] Living a Normal Life
Text l
參考譯文
美國準備著迎接世界上最大的足球盛宴，他們有史以來第一次承辦了世界杯。當全世界有數(shù)以百萬計的人在踢足球時，這項運動在關國才剛剛火熱起來。大批美國青年人對足球感興趣還是最近30年的事。但現(xiàn)在它是美國發(fā)展最快的運動。一項最近的調(diào)查顯示大約有一千八百萬的美國青年男女踢足球。
這項調(diào)查同樣表明，足球已經(jīng)開始代替更多的傳統(tǒng)運動，比如橄欖球，成為學生當中最流行的運動。因此，世界杯下周開賽時預計去看球的美國人超過一百萬。主辦方聲稱這一屆的世界杯會成為歷史上最盛大的一屆。52場比賽中大部分場次的座位已全部售完。
足球在美國僅僅有一百多年的歷史，但這項運動是怎樣流傳到這個國家的?足球在世界其他地方存在多久了?沒有人確切地知道足球是從哪里起源或是人們從什么時候開始踢足球。某些科學家表示，有證據(jù)證明用腳玩的球類運動幾千年前就有了�，F(xiàn)在也有證據(jù)顯示古希臘、古羅馬和美國土著印第安人玩類似于足球的運動。
大部分專家都承認英國是現(xiàn)代足球的發(fā)源地，他們同樣也認為英國把足球傳播到了世界各地。不同的是，現(xiàn)在比賽中用的足球是人造材料或是皮革質(zhì)地，而過去使用的球常常是用動物的胃做的。早期足球比賽的規(guī)則也與現(xiàn)在有所不同。
答案及解析
26.c【解析】是非題。見文中第一段第五旬提到，足球在美國是發(fā)展最快的運動，但沒有說在世界范圍內(nèi)是發(fā)展最快的運動。故選C。
27.B 【解析】細節(jié)題。見第二段第一句，“…soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students.”可知“American football”是在青少年中最為流行的傳統(tǒng)運動。故選B。
28.A【解析】細節(jié)題。見第三段第一句話。
29.B【解析】細節(jié)題。見最后一段第一句，英國是現(xiàn)代足球的發(fā)明者。
30.B【精析】推理題。文中最后一段講述了英國足球是現(xiàn)代足球的發(fā)明國，接下來就應該介紹一下足球在英國的'發(fā)展才符合邏輯。故選B。
Text 2
參考譯文
一個家庭的內(nèi)聚力似乎要依靠家庭成員們一起做一些常規(guī)的事情來維系。然而由于美國勞動力人數(shù)的增多，在非正常工作時間的輪班工作，也就是我們通常所說的“換班工作”，使家庭生活面臨困境。
現(xiàn)有的調(diào)查表明男性和女性的倒班工人都承認壓力很大，工作和家庭生活的需求相互沖突。但是，從事?lián)Q班工作的夫婦們?nèi)匀槐３种鴮橐龅囊饬x和夫妻各自責任的傳統(tǒng)觀念。他們表示仍然愿意“不惜一切代價”實現(xiàn)他們認為正常的婚姻生活，譬如犧牲睡眠時間或是在非常規(guī)的時間去做一些慣例的事情。大多數(shù)接受采訪的夫婦，甚至是那些妻子在外工作的家庭都認為，正常家庭生活的顯著特點還是清楚的分工：丈夫是家庭的“支撐者”，他們主要的責任是養(yǎng)活全家，而妻子仍然是“主婦”。她們負責打掃、做飯、照顧丈夫和孩子。
以下是一個妻子對“好丈夫”的定義，這代表了所有女人的看法：
我希望他能養(yǎng)家。在我需要的時候陪在我身邊，和我熱衷于相同的事物。希望他也愿意支配我，就像我期望的那樣。這么說吧，在需要他表現(xiàn)得像個男人的時候，我希望他挺身而出，而不是坐視不管，卻想讓我去處理一切。
丈夫們眼中的好妻子是這樣的：
她要理解我在工作中的感受。我需要在工作時受尊重，我希望能在工作中找到受尊重的感覺。我要我的妻子明白我對工作的期望。我可不想每天下班回家的時候，她嘮叨個沒完洇為我也不知道這是否有意義。 以上的觀點對于維護那些輪班工作的夫妻家庭是至關重要的。
答案及解析
31.B【解析】“shiftwork”意為“working shifts beyond the normal daylighthours”。而A、C選項中“traditional beliefs about marmge”，“a veryclear division of roles”均為“a stable life”的一部分，不符合題意。
32.c【解析】由文中“the womenS definitions of a good husband”可以看出C為正確答案。
33.A【解析】由文章主旨句“shiftwork makes the lives of families difficult”可知選A。
34.D【解析】聯(lián)系全文，知A、B、c三項均正確。
35.C【解析】先排除D項，因全文圍繞shiftwork展開，B項則太具體,A項則涵義過廣,全文切入點為marriage。
職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習 4
[題目要求]
Directions: Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words. Your essay should cover these points;
1. effect of the country’s growing human population in its wildlife
2. possible reasons for the effect
3. your suggestion for wildlife protection (15 points)
【參考范文】 the ups and downs of population growth
As is seen from the two graphs, it is clear that with the rapid growth of U.S. population from 1800 to 1990, the number of its wildlife species no longer existing soared during the same period. Naturally, we can draw the conclusion that the sharp decline of wildlife species resulted from the population growth.
Two reasons may account for this phenomenon. To begin with, as the population grows, people consume much more natural resources, which often leads to excessive hunting. Second, with the increase of human activities, modern people take up more and more space. Which has a great impact on other species. Finally, the problem of pollution becomes more and more serious with the development of modern industry. More and more animals have to adapt themselves to the decaying environment or move to a totally different place, but not all of them are fortunate enough to survive the changes.
Solving this problem calls for, above all, the government’s efforts to control population growth, to decrease industrial pollution and to enhance the laws to forbid wildlife hunting. Moreover, common citizens should be aware of this ecological crisis and take on the responsibility of wildlife protection. In a word, only when the government and the common people make joint e f forts can we hope to find a satisfactory solution to this problem.
職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習 5
閱讀理解：
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with high intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brainn still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身體動覺的), and naturalistic.
36. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. How to understand intelligence.
B. The importance of intelligence.
C. The development of intelligence tests.
D. How to become intelligent.
37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?
A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.
C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.
38. Gardner believes that
A. children have different intelligences
B. all children are alike.
C. children should take one intelligence test.
D. there is no general intelligence.
39. According to Gardner, schools should
A. promote development of all intelligences.
B. test students’ IQs.
C. train students who do poorly on tests.
D. focus on finding the most intelligent students.
40. Gardner thinks that his theory has a
A. musical foundation.
B. intrapersonal foundation.
C. linguistic foundation.
D. biological foundation.
答案：ABAAD
職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習 6
Why So Many Children? 為什么有這么多的孩子
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple ： Women in these countries have a high birth rate — from 3. 0 to 7. 0 children per woman . The majority of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families .Why do they have many so children ? Why don’t they limit the size of their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this .
非洲和亞洲的很多發(fā)展中國家，人 P 增長迅速。原因很簡單：這些國家的女人生育率很 高——每個 女人平均有三個到七個孩子。這些女人大部分都很窮，沒有足夠的食物和資源來照顧家庭。為什么她們 要有這么多孩子呢?為什么她們不限制家庭的大小呢?答案是大多數(shù)時候她們 沒辦法選擇。這有很多原因。
One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful .Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 1 In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children do not help a family ; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italys economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the worlds lowest.
其中之一是經(jīng)濟原因。傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟中，家庭成員數(shù)目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味著田里的勞 動力多且有人給父母養(yǎng)老。在工業(yè)經(jīng)濟國家中情況就不同了。多數(shù)孩子不幫助家里，而是 增加家庭開銷。 因此，工業(yè)化極大降低了生育率。這是意大利的一個例子，意大利最近幾年工業(yè)化發(fā)展十分迅速。在20 世紀前葉，意大利是個貧窮的農(nóng)業(yè)國家，有著很高的生育率。第二次世界 大戰(zhàn)之后，意大利的現(xiàn)代化和工業(yè)化十分迅速。世紀之末其生育率降到世界最低，平均每個女人 1. 3個孩子
However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate (7. 0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth.
然而經(jīng)濟并不是唯一重要的影響出生率的因素。以沙特阿拉伯為例，那里并沒有以農(nóng)業(yè)為基礎的經(jīng) 濟，而且是人均收入最高的國家之一。然而還是有很高的生育率(7. 0)。而像墨西哥和印 度尼西亞，主要 是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的窮國，但他們的人口還在不斷地下降。
Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 2 This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home . On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries .Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
很明顯有其他的因素。最重要的就是婦女的狀況。高的生育率往往與婦女缺乏教育與社會地位低下 相關。這就能解釋沙特阿拉伯的出生率為什么如此之髙。傳統(tǒng)的文化使婦女缺乏教育或者 不能獨立，并 且在外生存的技能很少。相反，墨西哥、泰國、印度尼西亞的生育率就低。他們的政府給婦女提供更多的教育和機會。
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
另一個重要的因素是計劃生育。女人們也許想限制家庭的大小，但是她們沒有辦法。一些倡導計劃 生育的政府為她們提供有效而且不貴的方式，生育率下降。比如新加坡、斯里蘭卡、印度 和印度尼西亞、 泰國、墨西哥、巴西。在這些國家婦女被提供健康和計劃生育的幫助。
These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.
這些趨勢表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依賴于良好的經(jīng)濟狀況。如果是致力于幫助婦女適應她們 的需求那么就是有效的'。事實上只有這樣，才能有機會取得成功。
詞匯：
industrialization n工業(yè)化
possibility n可能性，可能發(fā)生的事物
effective adj有效的，起作用的，實際的
注釋：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟中，家庭成員數(shù)目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味著田里的勞動力多,且有人給父母養(yǎng)老。
2. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 高的生育率往往與婦女缺乏教育與社會地位低下相關。
3. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 這些趨勢表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依賴于良好的經(jīng)濟狀況。
練習：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______.
A. can be an advantage
B. may limit income
C. isn’t necessary
D. is expensive
1. A 本題的問題是：在傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟中，大家庭的影響是什么?從文中第二段第二句和第三句 話可以得出明確的答案。 In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 所以答案為 A，是優(yōu)勢。
2. When countries become industrialized, _______.
A. families often become larger
B. the birth rate generally goes down
C. women usually decide not have a family
D. the population generally grows rapidly
2. B 本題的問題是：當國家工業(yè)化后，人口和出生率的狀況是什么?從第二段意大利的例子可以明確得出答案。In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italys economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. 由此可見出生率降低。
3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______.
A. agricultural country with a high birth rate
B. agricultural country with a low birth rate
C. industrialized country with a low birth rate
D. industrialized country with a high birth rate
3. C 本題的問題是：本文舉出意大利的例子要說明什么?從第二段意大利的前后對比的情況可以看出正確答案為 C。
4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______.
A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy
B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate
C. women who have a high income usually have few children
D. the birth rate depends on per capita income
4. B 本題的問題是：文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子說明了什么?由第三段開頭可知，However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. 下面將要介紹其他因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯為例。故正確答案為 B，經(jīng)濟以外影響出生率的因素。
5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______.
A. is not concerned about the status of women
B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly
C. does not allow women to work outside the home
D. has tried to improve the condition of women
5. D 本題的問題是： 墨西哥、 泰國、 印度尼西亞的政府采取了怎樣的措施?從文中第四段后半部分On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women. 可以得出結(jié)論。另一方面從第四段開頭也可以得出結(jié)論。The most important of these is the condition of women. 之后舉出這幾個國家的例子，從而也可以得出結(jié)論。
職稱英語理工C考試補全短文真題模擬預測練習 7
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.2
3 These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.
6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 88 hours In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed “It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,” he said.
詞匯：
refresh v.(使)精力恢復 questionnaire n.問卷
psychosomatic adj.(指疾病)由精神壓力引起的
fatigue n.疲勞 caution v.警告
insomnia n.失眠 habitually adv.習慣地
注釋：
1.clock up：時間達到
2.they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是說明trouble的。全句可譯為：與8小時睡眠者相比，他們在入睡和經(jīng)過一夜睡眠恢復精力方面有更多的麻煩。
3.Psychosomatic Medicine：《心身醫(yī)學》(醫(yī)學雜志名)
4.set aside：留出
5.having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning：感到疲乏影響日常工作。
6.stand to reason：是當然的，是合情合理的
練習：
1.Paragraph 2 ________
2.Paragraph 4 ________
3.Paragraph 5 ________
4.Paragraph 6 ________
A Kripke’s Research Tool
B Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C Criticism on Kripke’s Report
D A Way of Overcoming Insomnia
E Sleep Problem of Long and Short Sleepers
F Classification of Sleep Problems
5.To get a good night’s rest, people may not need to ________.
6.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to ________.
7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to ________.
8.One survey showed that people who habitually ________ each night have a higher risk of dying.
A fall asleep again
B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours
D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours
答案與題解：
1.E 第二段列舉了睡眠時間多于或少于8小時而帶來的多種sleep problems。
2.B 第四段闡述了長期睡眠不足所帶來的嚴重后果。
3.A 第五段介紹了Kripke的調(diào)查工具(tool)。他用的是有關睡眠的問卷。問卷包括兩大內(nèi)容：睡眠時間及睡眠困擾問題。
4.D 第六段最后兩句是：“... one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.”和“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”這是選擇D的依據(jù)。
5.F 選擇F的依據(jù)是第三段第一句。原文是：“... people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.”
6.E 選擇E的依據(jù)是第六段第一句。原文是：“... people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. ”
7.A 本題答案的依據(jù)是第五段第二句：“Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep ...”
8.C 本題答案的依據(jù)是第四段：“... one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.”
譯文：每晚只需8小時，睡眠過多非益事
睡眠不足帶來的危害已經(jīng)廣為人知，而一項新的研究表明睡眠過多同樣會使人們產(chǎn)生不良后果。
圣地亞哥加利福尼亞大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在入睡、保持睡眠等方面，每晚睡眠9或10小時的人比睡8小時的人存在更多問題。而每晚僅睡7小時的人則表示，他們在入睡及休息后精力恢復程度上不及8小時睡眠者。
Daniel Kripke博士在《心身醫(yī)學》雜志上報告的這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，人們?nèi)绻胪砩闲菹⒑�，每天留給睡眠的時間只需8小時。他補充說，對于那些每晚睡8小時以上的'人們來說，考慮減少在床上度過的時間“也許是個好主意”。不過他又提醒說這還需要進一步的研究證實。
以往的研究證明了長期睡眠缺乏的潛在危機。有報告顯示，睡眠經(jīng)常少于7小時的人比睡眠充足者，在特定時期內(nèi)死亡的機率更高。
而在目前這份報告中，Kripke考評了一份1004名成年人參與反饋的睡眠調(diào)查問卷。問卷內(nèi)容涉及每周睡眠時間和各種可能的睡眠問題，包括半夜驚覺，清晨早醒，無法重新入睡，以及白天疲勞，影響日常工作等。
Kripke發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚9至10小時睡眠者比睡8小時的人更容易出現(xiàn)各類睡眠問題。在次訪談中，Kripke注意到睡眠時間長的人夜間可能難以入眠，正是因為他們睡得太多了。因此他補充說，治療失眠最好的一種方法就是少睡點兒�！霸诖采匣ǖ脮r間過長，醒著的時間就會更多，這是理所當然的�！�
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